中国国家森林乡村的空间分布特征及其影响因素

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20210053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林是具有生态美学价值的旅游景观资源,森林乡村是乡村的重要类型,科学认识国家森林乡村的空间分布特征及其影响因素对乡村生态文明建设、乡村旅游可持续发展及乡村振兴目标的落实具有重要意义。本文以中国首批3 947个国家森林乡村为研究对象,借助数理统计方法与ArcGIS空间分析方法揭示国家森林乡村的空间分布特征,结合地理探测器技术探讨其影响因素。研究结果表明：（1）国家森林乡村在空间上呈典型的集聚型分布,总体分布不均衡,以胡焕庸线为明显分界,呈“东密西疏”的分布特征。（2）国家森林乡村呈现“多核心集聚,连片分布”的特征,形成了太行山豫晋冀交接连片区、苏浙皖交接连片区及粤赣闽交接连片区3个辐射范围最广的高密度集中连片区。（3）地形地貌、河流水系、森林资源禀赋、人口规模、经济发展水平及交通区位条件是影响国家森林乡村分布的主要因素,受自然环境和社会经济因素的影响,国家森林乡村主要分布在平原丘陵地区、河网密布地区、森林覆盖率高的地区以及人口稠密、经济发展水平高、交通发达的地区。

关键词: 国家森林乡村, 乡村旅游, 空间分布, 影响因素

Abstract:

Forest is a kind of tourism landscape resources with ecological aesthetic value, and forest village is an important type of countryside. It is of great significance to scientifically understand the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of national forest village for the construction of rural ecological civilization, the sustainable development of rural tourism and the implementation of rural revitalization goals.The first batch of 3947 national forest villages in China were taken as the research objects in this study. The spatial distribution characteristics of national forest village were analyzed by mathematical statistics and ArcGIS spatial analysis technology. The influencing factors were examined by using Geodetector. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The spatial distribution of national forest villages was a typical agglomeration type and the overall distribution was unbalanced with “Hu Line” as the obvious boundary, showing the distribution characteristics of "dense in the east while sparse in the west." (2) The spatial distribution of national forest villages also displayed as "multi-core agglomeration and contiguous distribution," forming three high-density contiguous areas with the widest radiation range: the Taihang Mountains in the border area of Henan, Shanxi, and Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui intersecting area, and Guangdong, Jiangxi, and Fujian intersecting area. (3) Landform, river, Endowment of forest resources, population scale, economic development level, and transportation location were the main influencing factors of the national forest villages spatial distribution. Influenced by natural environmental factors and socioeconomic factors, national forest villages were mainly distributed in plain and hilly areas, areas with dense river networks, areas with high forest coverage rate, and more developed areas with dense population and advanced transportation.

Key words: national forest village, rural tourism, spatial distribution, influencing factors

郑群明, 田甜, 杨小亚. 中国国家森林乡村的空间分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2021, 11(3): 441-454.

ZHENG Qunming, TIAN Tian, Yang Xiaoya. The spatial distribution and influencing factors of the national forest villages in China[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2021, 11(3): 441-454.

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地区	乡村数量（个）	所占比重（%）	累计比重（%）	地区	乡村数量（个）	所占比重（%）	累计比重（%）
河南	257	6.51	6.51	云南	118	2.99	80.49
浙江	249	6.31	12.82	辽宁	109	2.76	83.25
广东	228	5.78	18.60	北京	103	2.61	85.86
广西	225	5.70	24.30	内蒙古	92	2.33	88.19
江西	224	5.68	29.97	甘肃	90	2.28	90.47
四川	223	5.65	35.62	黑龙江	84	2.13	92.60
湖南	211	5.35	40.97	重庆	78	1.98	94.58
山东	208	5.27	46.24	吉林	63	1.60	96.17
湖北	186	4.71	50.95	青海	45	1.14	97.31
河北	180	4.56	55.51	海南	37	0.94	98.25
福建	173	4.38	59.89	宁夏	19	0.48	98.73
陕西	150	3.80	63.69	西藏	16	0.41	99.14
贵州	142	3.60	67.29	新疆	14	0.35	99.49
安徽	139	3.52	70.81	上海	12	0.30	99.80
江苏	134	3.39	74.21	天津	8	0.20	100.00
山西	130	3.29	77.50	总计	3 947	100

高程范围（m）	国家森林乡村数量（个)	占比(%)
<200	1 597	40.46
200~500	1 025	25.97
500~1 000	682	17.28
1 000~2 000	516	13.07
>2 000	127	3.22

河流级别	三级及以上	四级	五级
缓冲区（km）	20	10	5
国家森林乡村数量（个）	1 110	586	1 129
占比（%）	28.12	14.85	28.60

与最近公路垂直距离（m）	国家森林乡村数量（个）	占比（%）
<1000	1717	43.50
1000~2000	630	15.96
2000~3000	436	11.05
>3000	1164	29.49

维度	指标	探测因子	q值
自然环境	地形地貌	海拔高程（X₁）	0.18
	河流水系	河网密度（X₂）	0.19
	森林资源禀赋	森林覆盖率（X₃）	0.31
社会经济	人口规模	人口总数（X₄）	0.74
	经济发展水平	GDP（X₅）	0.48
	交通区位条件	路网密度（X₆）	0.33