中国海洋旅游装备制造业的发展障碍和战略路径

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20210087

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旅游业快速增长带动了旅游装备制造业的发展，但海洋旅游装备制造业的发展相对滞后。研究构建了海洋旅游装备制造业的产业动态匹配分析框架，识别产业发展的个性障碍、探讨共性障碍的个性化表现形式，并厘清障碍之间的关系，最终通过战略路径构造来移除或者克服这些障碍。研究认为：（1）海洋旅游装备制造业存在其个性化障碍，其与装备制造业的共性障碍也存在其个性化表现形式。（2）障碍之间的关系表现为宏观、中观和微观3个层面的子系统，从高层级到低层级，两两之间存在匹配扭曲障碍。高层级的子系统存在障碍使其阻碍低层级子系统的发展，而低层级子系统存在障碍使其不能适应高层级子系统的发展及其管理者刻意行为。（3）海洋旅游装备制造业应该实施以下产业发展战略。首先，政府主管部门应该提供“区域集中化”的战略路径支持。其次，产业可以进行“成立行业协会-争取政策支持”“成立产业联盟-完善产业链”和“培育主导企业-打造区域品牌”的战略路径引导。最后，企业原有的“低成本战略路径”应该转换为“产品差异化战略路径”“技术创新战略路径”和“资本聚焦战略路径”。研究结论能够在一定程度上提高海洋旅游装备制造业的产业效率，并为海洋旅游的高质量发展提供借鉴。

关键词: 海洋旅游, 装备制造业, 产业动态匹配理论, 匹配扭曲障碍, 战略路径

Abstract:

The rapid growth of the tourism industry has driven the development of the tourism equipment manufacturing industry. However, the development of the marine tourism equipment manufacturing industry is relatively lagging. The analytical framework informed by the industrial dynamic matching theory is constructed to identify the individual obstacles of marine tourism equipment manufacturing industry, discuss the individualized manifestations of general obstacles, and figure out the relationship among these obstacles. Meanwhile, the corresponding strategic paths are proposed to remove or overcome these obstacles. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) The marine tourism equipment manufacturing industry has its own individual obstacles, as well as its general obstacles with personalized manifestations. (2) The relationship between the development obstacles shows that from high-level to low-level the matching distortion obstacles exist among the subsystems at the macro, meso and micro levels. The existence of obstacles in the high-level subsystem will hinder the development of the low-level subsystems. On the contrary, the existence of obstacles in the low-level subsystem will make it fail to adapt to the development of the high-level subsystems and the deliberate behaviors of their managers. (3) In addition, strategic paths are proposed for the development of marine tourism equipment manufacturing industry. The strategic path support of “regional centralization” should be provided by the competent government departments. The following strategic paths guidance is supposed to be conducted by the industry, such as “establishing an industry association, striving for policy support”, “establishing an industrial alliance, perfecting the industrial chain”, and “cultivating leading enterprises, building regional brands”. The original “low-cost strategic path” of the enterprise should be converted into “product differentiation strategic path”, “technological innovation strategic path” and “capital focus strategic path”. The research contributes to the industrial efficiency improvement of marine tourism equipment manufacturing industry, and the high-quality development of marine tourism.

Key words: marine tourism, equipment manufacturing industry, industrial dynamic matching theory, mismatch obstacles, strategic paths

郭强, 张志文, 陈小兰. 中国海洋旅游装备制造业的发展障碍和战略路径[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2022, 12(5): 801-813.

Guo Qiang, Zhang Zhiwen, Chen Xiaolan. Marine tourism equipment industry in China: Developmental obstacles and strategic paths[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2022, 12(5): 801-813.

图/表 3

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