乡村居民休闲权利的制约因素与协商机制研究——以浙江省为例

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20220006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

共同富裕示范区建设让浙江乡村成为社会瞩目的焦点,也让浙江乡村居民的休闲生活成为了学者们关注的话题。共同富裕不仅是物质富裕,也包括精神富有。乡村居民休闲需求的满足是实现精神富有的重要路径。为深入研究共同富裕背景下如何保障乡村居民的休闲权利,本文基于休闲制约理论,以问卷调查、深度访谈和参与观察为基础,以浙江乡村居民为研究对象,探讨浙江高质量推进共同富裕示范区建设中乡村居民实现休闲权利的制约及其协商机制。研究发现,浙江乡村居民休闲权利的实现受制于个人内在制约、人际间制约和结构性制约,休闲制约在不同群体、个体间具有显著的差异性。为了应对这些制约因素,政府和乡村居民采用了5种应对策略：嵌入式休闲、以文化人、主客和谐共享、出行条件改善和社交型休闲。本文认为,经济、政策、文化、组织和环境等外部条件的不断改善,能够有效激发乡村居民的休闲动机和休闲参与,进而保障乡村居民的休闲权利。本研究对其他地区乡村居民休闲权利的实现具有一定的借鉴价值,为促进乡村居民的精神富有和全面发展提供了可供参考的实践路径。

关键词: 乡村居民, 休闲权利, 休闲制约, 协商机制, 休闲动机, 共同富裕

Abstract:

The construction of the demonstration zone of common prosperity has drawn intensive attention to the rural areas in Zhejiang, which makes its rural residents’ leisure life a research interest of the academics. Since common prosperity is not only the material affluence but also spiritual enrichment, the satisfaction of rural residents’ leisure needs is a key approach to common prosperity by realizing residents’ spiritual enrichment. In order to better understand the realization of rural residents’ leisure rights in the pursuit of common prosperity, this paper has drawn on the leisure constraints theory to explore Zhejiang rural residents’ leisure constraints and the negotiation mechanism against the background of the construction of common prosperity demonstration area in the province. By adopting the means of questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and participation observation, this paper has found that the realization of rural residents’ leisure rights has been constrained by intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints and structural constraints which have shown discrepancy between groups and individuals. To cope with these leisure constraints, five strategies have been adopted: embedded leisure, educating people with culture, host-guest sharing, improving transportation conditions, and making leisure a socialized scenario. It has been argued that the incessant improvement of the factors of economy, policy, culture, leadership and environment can effectively stimulate rural residents’ leisure motivation and participation so as to safeguard their leisure rights. The findings are also helpful for the realization of rural residents’ leisure rights in other areas and provide some useful exploration in the practice for promoting rural residents’ spiritual affluence and overall development.

Key words: rural residents, leisure rights, leisure constraints, negotiation mechanism, leisure motivation, common prosperity

崔凤军, 赵丽丽. 乡村居民休闲权利的制约因素与协商机制研究——以浙江省为例[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2022, 12(3): 472-489.

Cui Fengjun, Zhao Lili. Research on the constraints of rural residents’ leisure rights and their negotiation mechanism: A case study of Zhejiang Province[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2022, 12(3): 472-489.

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休闲制约	受访者
休闲制约	22岁,男,家里	75岁,男,田间地头
时间、收入	我也想休闲或者出去旅游,但平时干活累,没有时间和钱去做更多别的放松的事情	我现在有时间,但家庭拖累重,没有休闲的钱
体力、个人休闲活动适宜性评价	如果有时间,我喜欢到离村子远一点的地方玩	体力不行了,主要是在村里活动

休闲制约类型	休闲制约因素	休闲制约因素的具体例子
个人内在制约	个人心理	没兴趣、压力大没心情、不知道怎么参与休闲、没有参与休闲的技能、疲劳没有精力
人际间制约	同伴、家庭	没有一起休闲的同伴、家人不支持
结构性制约	休闲设施、休闲服务	村子里没地方休闲,服务态度不好
	时间	家庭拖累重没时间休闲、活多没时间休闲
	家庭收入	经济压力大、没有多余的钱休闲
	交通可达性	不会开车、没有车、村里没有公交车
	安全问题	户外的蚊虫、新冠肺炎疫情

类别		数量	占比（%）	类别		数量	占比（%）
性别	男	142	45.65	受教育程度	初中及以下	99	31.83
性别	女	169	54.35		高中、中专或技校	106	34.08
年龄	18周岁以下	35	11.26		大专	70	22.50
	19~39周岁	82	26.37	本科及以上		36	11.59
	40~59周岁	93	29.90	家庭年纯收入	10 000元及以下	23	7.39
	60周岁以上	101	32.47		10 001~30 000元	29	9.32
家庭成员关系结构	独居	69	22.18		30 001~50 000元	24	7.71
	夫妻同住	82	26.36	50 001~80 000元		62	19.93
	二代同堂	99	31.83	80 001~100 000元		103	33.11
	三代（或以上）同堂	49	15.75	100 000元以上		70	22.54
	其他	12	3.88