中国沿海地区旅游绿色发展对生态环境质量的影响分析

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20220053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

推动沿海地区旅游绿色发展，减少旅游业对资源与环境的压力，有利于保护旅游目的地的海洋生态系统，实现旅游与生态协调可持续发展。本研究以2011—2020年中国沿海地区11个省（市、区）面板数据为研究样本，采用空间计量模型估计方法，分析沿海地区旅游绿色发展对生态环境质量的影响。结果表明：（1）中国沿海地区旅游绿色发展水平与生态环境质量持续、稳步提升，且在地理空间上呈现较显著的空间集聚与关联特征；（2）旅游绿色发展对生态环境质量具有明显的正向影响及空间溢出效应，中国沿海地区各省份旅游绿色发展水平每提升1%，本地生态环境质量将上升0.302%，邻近省份将上升0.139%；（3）旅游绿色发展与第三产业、科技支出的交互作用能够有效增强其对生态环境质量的正向影响，但与第二产业、人口数量的交互作用会降低其对生态环境质量的正向影响。为实现中国沿海地区旅游绿色转型发展，应重视海洋第三产业发展及科技水平提升，促进污染排放整体下降，提升生态环境质量。

关键词: 旅游业, 环境影响, 绿色发展, 生态环境质量, 沿海地区

Abstract:

The green development of tourism in China’s coastal areas is conducive to protecting the marine ecosystem of tourist destinations, reducing the pressure of tourism on resources and environment, and leveraging the sustainable development of tourism and ecology. Taking the panel data of 11 provincial-level regions in China’s coastal areas from 2011 to 2020 as the research samples, this paper uses the spatial econometric model estimation method to analyze the impact of green tourism development in coastal areas on ecological environment quality. The results show that: (1) The level of green development of tourism and the quality of ecological environment in China's coastal areas have been continuously and steadily improved, and spatial agglomeration and correlation are predominant characteristics in geographical space. (2) The green development of tourism has significant positive impacts and spatial spillover effect on the ecological environment quality. For every 1% increase in the level of green development of tourism in China’s coastal areas, the local ecological environment quality will increase by 0.302%, and the neighboring provinces will increase by 0.139%. (3) The interaction between green development of tourism and tertiary industry and scientific & technological expenditure can effectively enhance its positive impact on ecological environment quality, but the interaction with secondary industry and population will reduce its positive impact. In order to realize green transformation and development of tourism in China’s coastal areas, emphasis should be placed to the development of marine tertiary industry and the improvement of scientific and technological level, so as to promote the overall decrease of pollutant discharge and improve the quality of ecological environment.

Key words: tourism, environmental impact, green development, ecological environmental quality, coastal areas

张广海, 刘二恋. 中国沿海地区旅游绿色发展对生态环境质量的影响分析[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2022, 12(5): 788-800.

Zhang Guanghai, Liu Erlian. The impacts of green development of tourism on the quality of ecological environment in coastal areas of China[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2022, 12(5): 788-800.

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旅游绿色发展			生态环境质量
年份	Moran’s I	P 值	年份	Moran’s I	P 值
2011	0.155	0.084	2011	0.107	0.034
2012	0.045	0.082	2012	0.517	0.013
2013	0.183	0.065	2013	0.190	0.027
2014	0.253	0.011	2014	0.036	0.010
2015	0.063	0.046	2015	0.066	0.063
2016	0.337	0.066	2016	0.051	0.028
2017	0.190	0.058	2017	0.252	0.007
2018	0.132	0.002	2018	0.765	0.001
2019	0.356	0.011	2019	0.177	0.051
2020	0.195	0.029	2020	0.086	0.080

变量	EQ	MT	SI	TI	lnPS	lnTE
EQ	1.000
MT	0.047^*	1.000
SI	-0.237^*	0.213^*	1.000
TI	0.201^*	-0.114	-0.687^***	1.000
lnPS	0.045^*	0.043	-0.192	0.566^***	1.000
lnTE	0.550^***	-0.336^***	-0.255^**	0.267^**	0.051	1.000

变量	平均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	变量	平均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
EQ	72.88	16.36	30.33	95.18	TI	47.59	8.10	35.30	69.80
MT	83.92	12.00	32.31	95.51	lnPS	7.73	0.30	7.21	8.25
SI	44.11	8.04	22.30	53.20	lnTE	15.87	0.66	14.61	17.22

检验	LM值	P值	检验	LR值	P值
LM_ Spatial lag	2.447	0.000	Wald _Spatial lag	3.390	0.003
Robust LM_ Spatial lag	0.992	0.000	LR _Spatial lag	29.55	0.000
LM_ Spatial error	7.996	0.005	Wald _Spatial error	4.260	0.029
Robust LM_ Spatial error	5.640	0.018	LR _Spatial error	23.33	0.000
Hausman	37.38	0.000

变量名称	（1）	（2）	（3）	（4）	（5）
MT	0.266^**	0.244^***	0.240^***	0.245^***	0.302^***
MT	[0.068]	[0.049]	[0.045]	[0.043]	[0.043]
SI		-3.098^**	-2.267	-2.231	-2.304
SI		[0.723]	[2.709]	[2.530]	[2.807]
TI			1.032^**	1.268	0.174
TI			[0.080]	[2.737]	[2.923]
lnPS				-1.06^*	-2.03^**
lnPS				[0.609]	[0.020]
lnTE					9.708^***
lnTE					[1.768]
_CON	48.53^***	198.20^***	114.00	-36.83	-191.90^*
_CON	[7.602]	[35.343]	[262.199]	[289.599]	[46.638]
年份固定效应	是	是	是	是	是
省份固定效应	是	是	是	是	是
N	310	310	310	310	310
R²	0.255	0.364	0.374	0.387	0.482