中小城市老年人日常休闲活动的时空特征——以常德市武陵区为例

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20220092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

日常休闲活动是老年人健康幸福生活不可或缺的部分。本研究以常德市武陵区为例，运用地理空间分析方法，按照需求-行为-设施分析思路，揭示城市老年人日常休闲活动需求与供给的时空规律。分析发现：（1）益智和康体是城市老年人主要休闲活动类型，休闲活动时间分配存在显著的类型差异，益智类平均时长最长，其次为康体类，公益类休闲活动的平均时长最短。（2）老年人户外休闲活动主要集中在10:00、15:00、19:00三个时间段，对应的活动空间主要集中在居住区、附近街道和城市广场、公园等，活动空间半径存在显著的类型差异。（3）老年人休闲活动需求以及建立在休闲活动需求上的闲暇行为与城市休闲设施供给总体空间匹配度较高，其中游憩类休闲活动与休闲活动设施的匹配度最高，其次是文化类活动，最后是康体类活动。据此建议，中小城市应进一步重视老年人日常休闲活动需求-行为-设施供给三个层面之间的匹配，加强老年友好城市与社区建设。

关键词: 老年人, 日常休闲活动, 休闲需求, 休闲供给, 时空特征, 中小城市, 常德市武陵区

Abstract:

Daily leisure activities are the indispensable part of a healthy and happy life of the elderly. Taking Wuling District of Changde City as an example, this paper reveals the spatial and temporal law of the city elderly in accordance with the geospatial analysis method of demand, behavior and facilities. The analysis found that: (1) Puzzle and health activities are the main types of leisure activities for the urban elderly, and there are significant differences in the time allocation of leisure activities. The average time of puzzle activities is the longest, followed by health activities, and the average time of public welfare leisure activities is the shortest. (2) Outdoor leisure activities of the elderly are mainly concentrated in three time periods: 10:00, 15:00 and 19:00. The corresponding activity space is mainly concentrated in residential areas, nearby streets, urban squares, parks, etc. There is a significant type difference in the radius of the activity space. (3) The demands for leisure activities of the elderly and leisure behaviors based on the demand for leisure activities are highly correlated with the overall urban leisure facilities supply, among them, the matching degree between leisure activities and leisure facilities is the highest, followed by cultural activities, and finally physical fitness activities. Therefore, it is recommended that small and medium-sized cities should put more emphasis on the correlation among the demand, behavior and supply of facilities for daily leisure activities of the elderly, thus enhancing the construction of elderly-friendly cities and communities.

Key words: elderly, daily leisure activities, leisure demand, leisure supply, spatial and temporal characteristics, small and middle-sized cities, Wuling District, Changde City

王敏, 陈哲夫, 胡逸哲, 李棋. 中小城市老年人日常休闲活动的时空特征——以常德市武陵区为例[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2023, 13(1): 169-182.

Wang Min, Chen Zhefu, Hu Yizhe, Li Qi. Spatio-temporal characteristics of daily leisure activities of the elderly in small and medium-sized cities: A case study of Wuling District, Changde City[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2023, 13(1): 169-182.

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个体特征	指标类别	样本数量	占比（%）	个体特征	指标类别	样本数量	占比（%）
性别	女	112	51.14	收入水平	1 000元以下	31	14.15
性别	男	107	48.86		1 000~3 000元	99	45.21
年龄	60~64岁	59	26.94		3 000~5 000元	60	27.40
	65~69岁	55	25.11		5 000元及以上	29	13.24
	70~74岁	55	25.11	身体健康自我评价	好	55	25.11
	75~79岁	34	15.53		较好	83	37.90
	80岁及以上	16	7.31		一般	66	30.14
文化程度	小学及以下	61	27.85		较差	13	5.94
	初中	51	23.29		差	2	0.91
	高中/中专	71	32.42	退休前职业	教育、医护工作者	24	10.96
	大专/本科	34	15.53		国企职工	55	25.57
	硕士及以上	2	0.91		非国企职工	22	10.05
居住状况	独居	28	12.96		公务员及事业单位员工	31	14.16
	与老伴居住	114	51.85		个体经营者	14	6.39
	两代人居住	25	11.57		军警	5	2.28
	三代人居住	51	23.16		农民	56	25.11
	福利部门	1	0.46		其他	12	5.48