旅游利用下历史街区文化景观符号意义与建构——以北京前门大街为例

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20220106

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

历史街区承载了城市的历史信息和文化印记，主要表征为特色鲜明的文化景观。过去40年，快速城市化和工业化改变了城市面貌，也影响了历史街区保护利用的进程。历史街区一旦变成旅游景观，符号化就成为了历史街区进行旅游发展和空间重构的主导逻辑。本研究以前门大街为案例地，通过对马蜂窝网站中游客分享照片的检索和整理，利用符号学和扎根理论方法分析了旅游利用背景下历史街区文化景观符号的意义表达，并对此过程中的符号建构与解读机制进行剖析。本研究从主客体两视角出发，深化既有研究并得出以下结论：前门大街通过指索符号、建筑符号、街道符号和商业符号共同表征这一空间。街道功能多样化和城市地位转变是符号建构与解读的具体语境，符号系统的建构存在多个权力主体，不同价值的符号其建构方式也有所不同。符号的解读需要旅游者的身体参与，当旅游地建构的符号与旅游者获得的符号存在一致性的时候，意味着文化景观符号意义被正确地接受和解读。

关键词: 历史街区, 文化景观, 符号意义, 符号建构, 旅游利用, 前门大街

Abstract:

Historic districts preserve diverse urban cultures with the key material representation of cultural landscapes. Over the past 40 years, historic districts have undergone a large-scale regeneration and utilization for the rapid urbanization and industrialization. When historical districts turn into tourism attractions, symbolization has become the dominant logic of tourism development and space reconstruction. Adopting the semiotics and grounded theory, this study aims to analyze the expression of symbolic meaning and to delineate the symbol construction and its interpretation system in Qianmen Street with photographic data from Mafengwo, one of the main online tourist communities in China. The result shows that: various types of symbols represent Qianmen Street, including index symbols, architectural symbols, street symbols, and commercial symbols. The functional diversification and transformation of urban position serve as the specific scenario for symbol construction and interpretation, which involved multiple stakeholder groups and differ in ways of construction with different values of the symbols. Symbol interpretation requires tourist participation physically. The research indicates that the meaning has been accepted and interpreted correctly when tourists’ symbols match stakeholders’ symbols.

Key words: historic districts, cultural landscape, symbolic meaning, symbol construction, tourism development, Qianmen Street

武欣蕊, 戴湘毅. 旅游利用下历史街区文化景观符号意义与建构——以北京前门大街为例[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2023, 13(1): 111-127.

Wu Xinrui, Dai Xiangyi. Cultural landscape symbol meaning and its generation mechanismof historic districts in the context of tourism development: A case study of Qianmen Street[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2023, 13(1): 111-127.

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北京前门大街修缮整治：传承文化还是凸显商机	新闻报道	经济参考报	2008-05-21	J7
北京崇文每年拨款千万扶持前门商业老字号	新闻报道	北京日报	2007-10-25	J8
北京前门大街修缮完工再现清末民初风貌	新闻报道	新华网	2008-05-11	J9
北京封街修缮前门大街计划将其改造成步行街	新闻报道	北京日报	2007-04-25	J10
前门大街又调多家老字号要撤	新闻报道	北京商报	2018-03-29	J11
前门“天街”之变	新闻报道	三联生活周刊	2008-06-27	J12
北京前门大街开始改造计划保留80家老字号	新闻报道	北京娱乐信报	2005-04-03	J13
北京前门大街修缮：复兴传统还是复兴繁荣?	新闻报道	民主与法制周刊	2008-01-10	J14
前门大街修缮整治工程启动五牌楼重现前门大街	新闻报道	北京商报	2007-05-11	J15
北京前门大街改造：牵动众多利益“神经”	新闻报道	中国经济时报	2005-12-14	J16
在发展中保护古都风貌的一次实践	口述史	中国知网	2009-11-24	J17
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树状节点	自由节点		节点数	节点频率（%）
指索符号	井盖		9	1.09
指索符号	路标		5	0.61
建筑符号	标志性建筑	牌楼	97	11.73
	标志性建筑	正阳门城楼及箭楼	67	8.10
	建筑风格	近代风格建筑	58	7.01
		现代风格建筑	20	2.42
		传统风格建筑	69	8.34
街道符号	铛铛车		42	5.08
	雕塑		43	5.20
	花坛		2	0.24
	街道空间		85	10.28
	节日景观		3	0.36
	照明设施	拨浪鼓路灯	2	0.24
	照明设施	鸟笼式路灯	5	0.60
商业符号	店铺内饰		26	3.14
	商品	北京特色手工艺品	29	3.51
		纪念品	12	1.45
		老北京特色小吃	52	6.29
		其他餐饮	30	3.63
	商业符号	牌匾	47	5.68
	商业符号	招牌	42	5.08
	商业业态	快时尚店铺	8	0.97
		蜡像馆	14	1.69
		老字号	60	7.26