传统与复建历史文化街区文旅融合特征与路径——基于符号学视角

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20220110

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

历史文化街区既是城市文化的重要地标，也是旅游发展的重要资源，由此成为新时期文旅融合的重要实践载体。本研究基于符号学视角，选取黄山市屯溪区毗邻的屯溪老街和黎阳in巷分别作为传统与复建历史文化街区代表，基于扎根理论构建历史文化街区文旅融合的符号学理论框架。实证分析表明：传统与复建两类历史文化街区均形成了主题定位、文旅功能、空间布局、物质载体、业态产品、旅游服务六方面的文化和旅游符号，前者以传统文化符号居多，后者以现代旅游符号居多；两类街区文化和旅游符号融合的独特性、凸显性、融合性和适应性等特征差异明显，前者偏向地域文化的独特性，后者偏向旅游介入的适应性。据此提出传统历史文化街区“旅游趋向”和复建历史文化街区“文化趋向”的文旅融合路径，两类街区在文化传承与旅游发展中应加强文化资源符号化、资源功能多元化、符号空间整合化、文化符号全景化，促进文化产品价值化、旅游服务品质化，以实现历史文化街区可持续发展。

关键词: 历史文化街区, 文化符号, 旅游符号, 文旅融合, 黄山市

Abstract:

Historical and cultural blocks are not only important landmarks of urban culture, but also important resources for tourism development. They become important practical scenario for the integration of culture and tourism in the new era. Tunxi Old Street and Liyang Street are selected as representatives of traditional and reconstructed historical and cultural blocks, which are both located in Tunxi District, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, and adjacent to each other. From the perspective of semiotics, this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the integration of culture and tourism in historical and cultural blocks. Empirical analysis shows that both the traditional and reconstructed historical and cultural blocks have formed cultural and tourism symbols in six aspects: thematic position, culture and tourism value, spatial layout, physical carriers, business types and tourism service. The former is dominated by traditional cultural symbols, while the latter is dominated by modern tourism symbols; obvious differences exist between two types of historical and cultural blocks in their uniqueness, prominence, integration and adaptability of cultural and tourism symbols. The uniqueness of local culture and the adaptability to tourism development are the specific features respectively of the former and the latter blocks. This paper, thus, puts forward tourism-oriented paths in traditional historical and cultural blocks and culture-oriented paths in the reconstructed historical and cultural blocks. These two types of blocks should strengthen the symbolization of cultural resources, diversification of resource functions, integration of symbol space and presentation of cultural symbols, which consequently promotes the value of cultural products and the quality of tourism services, so as to achieve the sustainable development of historical and cultural blocks.

Key words: historical and cultural blocks, cultural symbols, tourism symbols, integration of culture and tourism, Huangshan City

王群, 许婧, 袁宏瑞, 范习平, 黄从慧. 传统与复建历史文化街区文旅融合特征与路径——基于符号学视角[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2023, 13(1): 138-151.

Wang Qun, Xu Jing, Yuan Hongrui, Fan Xiping, Huang Conghui. The integration characteristics and paths of culture and tourism in traditional and reconstructed historical and cultural blocks: A semiotic perspective[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2023, 13(1): 138-151.

图/表 5

表1

图1

图2

表2

屯溪老街与黎阳in巷旅游符号与文化符号统计

旅游符号						文化符号
符号类别		屯溪老街编码/数量占比（%）		黎阳in巷编码/数量占比（%）		符号类别		屯溪老街编码/数量占比（%）		黎阳in巷编码/数量占比（%）
T-A“食”符号	T-A-1传统徽菜	13/41.94	31/8.85	11/22.45	49/ 32.03	C-A历史符号	C-A-1传统街道	1/1.14	88/17.29	0/0.00	5/2.55
	T-A-2早餐早点	1/3.22		0/0.00			C-A-2传统店名	76/86.35		4/80.00
	T-A-3风味小吃	14/45.16		4/8.16			C-A-3传统美德	1/1.14		0/0.00
	T-A-4家常饭馆	1/3.23		1/2.04			C-A-4传统起源	1/1.14		0/0.00
	T-A-5-a中式快餐	2/6.45		4/8.16			C-A-5传统遗存	9/10.23		1/20.00
	T-A-5-b西式快餐	0/0.00		1/2.04			C-A-6传统形象	0/0.00		0/0.00
	T-A-6潮流美食	0/0.00		10/20.41		C-B商业符号	C-B-1商业店铺	96/45.28	212/41.65	53/74.65	71/36.23
	T-A-7海外美食	0/0.00		18/36.74			C-B-2商贸角色	3/1.42		0/0.00
T-B“住”符号	T-B-1经济酒店	5/19.23	26/7.43	1/9.09	11/7.19		C-B-3商品货物	111/52.36		6/8.45
	T-B-2舒适酒店	1/3.85		1/9.09			C-B-4商业品牌	2/0.94		12/16.90
	T-B-3高档酒店	2/7.69		0/0.00			C-B-5经营手段	0/0.00		0/0.00
	T-B-4客栈民宿	17/65.38		9/81.82			C-B-6商业氛围	0/0.00		0/0.00
	T-B-5旅舍	1/3.85		0/0.00		C-C饮食符号	C-C-1佳肴美食	29/22.83	127/24.95	45/48.39	93/47.45
T-C“行”符号	T-C-1旅行社	4/80.00	5/1.43	1/100	1/0.65		C-C-2甜点零食	32/25.20		10/10.75
T-C“行”符号	T-C-2快递物流	1/20.00	5/1.43	0/0.00	1/0.65		C-C-3琳琅饮品	66/51.97		36/38.71
T-D“游”符号	T-D-1博物馆类	5/71.43	7/2.00	0/0.00	7/4.58		C-C-4加工食材	0/0.00		2/2.15
	T-D-2艺术馆类	2/28.57		2/28.57			C-C-5饮食风格	0/0.00		0/0.00
	T-D-3景点地标	0/0.00		5/71.43		C-D文化符号	C-D-1文化工具	29/44.62	65/12.77	2/40.00	5/2.55
T-E“购”符号	T-E-1工艺品店	70/26.22	267/76.29	2/,4.55	44/28.76		C-D-2文化体现	2/3.08		2/40.00
	T-E-2特产零售	46/17.23		2/4.55			C-D-3文艺创作	33/50.76		1/20.00
	T-E-3文房四宝	37/13.86		1/2.27			C-D-4文化信仰	1/1.54		0/0.00
	T-E-4茶馆茶行	50/18.73		5/11.36			C-D-5文化形象	0/0.00		0/0.00
	T-E-5-a中式糕点	18/6.73		1/2.27		C-E建筑符号	C-E-1建筑形象	0/0.00	3/0.59	0/0.00	4/2.04
	T-E-5-b西式糕点	0/0.00		4/9.09			C-E-2建筑装饰	3/100.00		0/0.00
	T-E-6百货商超	19/7.12		22/50.00			C-E-3建筑功能	0/0.00		2/50.00
	T-E-7服饰鞋包	14/5.24		7/15.91			C-E-4建筑保护	0/0.00		2/50.00
	T-E-8玉器珠宝	10/3.75		0/0.00			C-E-5建筑材料	0/0.00		0/0.00
	T-E-9中药材铺	3/1.12		0/0.00			C-E-6建筑环境	0/0.00		0/0.00
T-F“娱”符号	T-F-1科技体验	1/7.14	14/4.00	0/0.00	41/,26.79		C-E-7建筑布局	0/0.00		0/0.00
	T-F-2康养保健	2/14.29		2/4.88		C-F 新兴符号	C-F-1科技体验	1/7.13	14/2.75	0/0.00	18/9.18
	T-F-3休闲酒饮	8/57.14		31/75.60			C-F-2影音体验	0/0.00		3/16.67
	T-F-4美容美发	2/14.29		1/2.44			C-F-3审美体验	2/14.29		4/22.22
	T-F-5广告服务	1/7.14		0/0.00			C-F-4康养体验	2/14.29		3/16.67
	T-F-6影音娱乐	0/0.00		3/7.32			C-F-5营销传媒	9/64.29		1/5.56
	T-F-7新奇体验	0/0.00		2/4.88			C-F-6主题体验	0/0.00		7/38.88
	T-F-8摄影服务	0/0.00		2/4.88

表2

图3

参考文献 27

[1]	毕凌岚, 钟毅. 历史文化街区保护与发展的泛社会价值研究: 以成都市为例[J]. 城市规划, 2012, 36(7): 44-52, 59.
	[Bi Linglan, Zhong Yi. Study on pan-social values of historic district preservation and development: A case study on Chengdu[J]. City Planning Review, 2012, 36(7): 44-52, 59.]
[2]	赵中枢, 胡敏. 历史文化街区保护的再探索[J]. 现代城市研究, 2012, 27(10): 8-12.
	[Zhao Zhongshu, Hu Min. Some thoughts on the preservation of historic conservation area[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2012, 27(10): 8-12.]
[3]	相秉军, 狄文莉. 关于《历史文化名城保护规划标准》的探讨[J]. 城市规划, 2020, 44(10): 93-101.
	[Xiang Bingjun, Di Wenli. Discussion on the standard of conservation planning for historic city[J]. City Planning Review, 2020, 44(10): 93-101.]
[4]	张朝枝, 朱敏敏. 文化和旅游融合: 多层次关系内涵、挑战与践行路径[J]. 旅游学刊, 2020, 35(3): 62-71.
	[Zhang Chaozhi, Zhu Minmin. The integration of culture and tourism: Multi-understandings, various challenges and approaches[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2020, 35(3): 62-71.]
[5]	徐红罡, 袁红. 广州文化生产的旅游功能研究[J]. 城市问题, 2007, 26(5): 70-74.
	[Xu Honggang, Yuan Hong. The study on tourism function of Guangzhou cultural production[J]. Urban Problems, 2007, 26(5): 70-74.]
[6]	钟贤巍. 旅游文化学初探[J]. 社会科学战线, 2006, 29(4): 34-38.
	[Zhong Xianwei. A preliminary study on tourism culture[J]. Social Science Front, 2006, 29(4): 34-38.]
[7]	沈祖祥, 林弈言. 我国“八大古都”古都文化旅游发展战略思考[J]. 旅游科学, 2006, 20(3): 13-15, 22.
	[Shen Zuxiang, Lin Yiyan. Reflections on strategies for developing cultural tourism in the eight ancient capital cities[J]. Tourism Science, 2006, 20(3): 13-15, 22.]
[8]	孙九霞, 黄秀波, 王学基. 旅游地特色街区的“非地方化”: 制度脱嵌视角的解释[J]. 旅游学刊, 2017, 32(9): 24-33.
	[Sun Jiuxia, Huang Xiubo, Wang Xueji. The de-localization tendency of tourism streets: Based on the perspective of institutional disembeddment[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017, 32(9): 24-33.]
[9]	程晓丽, 祝亚雯. 安徽省旅游产业与文化产业融合发展研究[J]. 经济地理, 2012, 32(9): 161-165.
	[Cheng Xiaoli, Zhu Yawen. The integration of tourism industry and culture industry in Anhui province[J]. Economic Geography, 2012, 32(9): 161-165.]
[10]	张继焦, 侯达. 民族地区历史文化名镇的“传统-现代”转型与“文旅融合”发展[J]. 贵州民族研究, 2021, 42(3): 153-159.
	[Zhang Jijiao, Hou Da. Traditional-modern transformation and integrative development of culture and tourism of historical-cultural towns in ethnic areas[J]. Guizhou Ethnic Studies, 2021, 42(3): 153-159.]
[11]	吕宁, 黄迪, 王欣, 等. 北京市冰雪运动产业与文化旅游产业融合发展动力机制与模式[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2021, 11(6): 846-857.
	[Lv Ning, Huang Di, Wang Xin, et al. Research on the dynamic mechanism and modes of integrated development of ice and snow sports industry and cultural tourism industry in Beijing[J]. Journal of Chinese Ecotourism, 2021, 11(6): 846-857.]
[12]	曾博伟, 安爽. “十四五”时期文化和旅游融合体制机制改革的思考[J]. 旅游学刊, 2020, 35(6): 3-6.
	[Zeng Bowei, An Shuang. Reflections on the institutional reform of cultural and tourism integration during the 14th Five Year Plan period[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2020, 35(6): 3-6.]
[13]	徐翠蓉, 赵玉宗. 文旅融合: 建构旅游者国家认同的新路径[J]. 旅游学刊, 2020, 35(11): 11-12.
	[Xu Cuirong, Zhao Yuzong. Integration of literature and tourism: A new way to construct the national identity of tourists[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2020, 35(11): 11-12.]
[14]	吴丽, 梁皓, 虞华君, 等. 中国文化和旅游融合发展空间分异及驱动因素[J]. 经济地理, 2021, 41(2): 214-221.
	[Wu Li, Liang Hao, Yu Huajun, et al. Spatial differentiation and driving factors of the integrated development of culture and tourism in China[J]. Economic Geography, 2021, 41(2): 214-221.]
[15]	兰苑, 陈艳珍. 文化产业与旅游产业融合的机制与路径: 以山西省文化旅游业发展为例[J]. 经济问题, 2014, 12(9): 126-129.
	[Lan Yuan, Chen Yanzhen. On mechanism and method of fusion of culture industry and tourism industry: Taking the development of cultural tourism in Shanxi province[J]. On Economic Problems, 2014, 12(9): 126-129.]
[16]	崔凤军, 徐宁宁, 陈旭峰. 县域文化和旅游融合发展评价指数的实证研究[J]. 治理研究, 2022, 38(5): 93-101, 127.
	[Cui Fengjun, Xu Ningning, Chen Xufeng. An empirical study of an evaluative index of integrated development of county culture and tourism[J]. Governance Studies, 2022, 38(5): 93-101, 127.]
[17]	于秋阳, 王倩, 颜鑫. 长三角城市群文旅融合: 耦合协调、时空演进与发展路径研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2022, 54(2): 159-172, 178.
	[Yu Qiuyang, Wang Qian, Yan Xin. Integration between culture and tourism of the city cluster in the Yangtze River Delta: On coupling coordination, time-spatial evolution and development path[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2022, 54(2): 159-172, 178.]
[18]	桂拉旦, 唐唯. 文旅融合型乡村旅游精准扶贫模式研究: 以广东林寨古村落为例[J]. 西北人口, 2016, 37(2): 64-68.
	[Gui Ladan, Tang Wei. A study on taking targeted measures in tourism poverty alleviation model of culture and tourism integration countryside: Taking Lin Zhai village in Guangdong province as an example[J]. Northwest Population Journal, 2016, 37(2): 64-68.]
[19]	赵毅衡. 符号学原理与推演[M]. 南京: 南京大学出版社, 2011.
	[Zhao Yiheng. Semiotics Principles & Problems[M]. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2011.]
[20]	Cassiner E. The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms[M]. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
[21]	Graburn N H H. The anthropology of tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1983, 10(1): 9-33. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(83)90113-5
[22]	桂榕. 民族文化遗产的旅游符号化现象探析: 以云南丽江为例[J]. 西南边疆民族研究, 2014, 8(1): 151-160.
	[Gui Rong. An analysis of the tourism symbolization of ethnic cultural heritage: A case study of Lijiang, Yunnan province[J]. Southwest Frontier Ethnic Studies, 2014, 8(1): 151-160.]
[23]	王宁. 试论旅游吸引物的三重属性[J]. 旅游学刊, 1997, 12(3): 55.
	[Wang Ning. On the triple attribute of tourism attraction[J]. Tourism Tribune, 1997, 12(3): 55.]
[24]	谢彦君, 鲍燕敏. 旅游网站的符号及其功能分析[J]. 旅游科学, 2007, 21(5): 46-51.
	[Xie Yanjun, Bao Yanmin. A functional analysis of signs used by tourist websites[J]. Tourism Science, 2007, 21(5): 46-51.]
[25]	胡最, 邓运员, 刘沛林, 等. 传统聚落文化景观基因的符号机制[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(4): 789-803. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202004009
	[Hu Zui, Deng Yunyuan, Liu Peilin, et al. The semiotic mechanism of cultural landscape genes of traditional settlements[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(4): 789-803.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb202004009
[26]	彭丹. “旅游人”的符号学分析[J]. 旅游科学, 2008, 22(4): 23-27.
	[Peng Dan. A symbolic study on tourism people[J]. Tourism Science, 2008, 22(4): 23-27.]
[27]	周永广, 张金金, 周婷婷. 符号学视角下的旅游体验研究: 西溪湿地的个案分析[J]. 人文地理, 2011, 26(4): 115-120.
	[Zhou Yongguang, Zhang Jinjin, Zhou Tingting. A study on semiotics of tourist experience: The case study of Xixi Wetland[J]. Human Geography, 2011, 26(4): 115-120.]