中国生态旅游 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5): 874-888.doi: 10.12342/zgstly.20220134

• 海洋旅游 • 上一篇    下一篇

“失海”渔民旅游生计转型影响因素与应对策略

乔桂强1(), 林心瑜1, 逯清扬1, 周彬2,*()   

  1. 1.浙江外国语学院文化和旅游学院,杭州 310023
    2.宁波大学旅游系,宁波 315211
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-09 修回日期:2022-10-15 出版日期:2022-10-28 发布日期:2022-12-06
  • 通讯作者: *周彬(1979-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为旅游与休闲地理学,旅游生态学。E-mail: njuzhoubin@163.com
  • 作者简介:乔桂强(1978-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为旅游者行为,节事旅游与遗产旅游。E-mail: guiqiang.qiao@zisu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42171223)

Research on influencing factors of sea-lost-fishermen’s tourism livelihood transformation and their coping tactics

Qiao Guiqiang1(), Lin Xinyu1, Lu Qingyang1, Zhou Bin2,*()   

  1. 1. School of Culture and Tourism, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou 310023, China
    2. Department of Tourism, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
  • Received:2022-08-09 Revised:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-28 Online:2022-12-06

摘要:

休闲渔业是“失海”渔民生计转型的重要方向之一。探究由“渔”转“游”的生计转型,对重构“人-渔”关系具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本研究以推拉理论模型和可持续生计框架为基础,分析象山县“失海”渔民旅游生计转型的影响因素,探讨渔民如何基于自身生计资本选择转型应对策略。研究发现,渔业生计模式中自然资本功能变化、人力资本变迁、物质资本升级更迭、文化资本失效形成的推力和旅游生计模式中政策性便利、工作环境改善、家庭关系优化、海洋情结维护形成的拉力是“失海”渔民旅游生计转型的主导影响因素;“失海”渔民生计资本构成要素包括自然资本、人力资本、物质资本、社会资本、金融资本和心理资本,其中,“心理资本”缺位是渔民旅游生计转型的重要障碍;依据生计资本占有类型与数量,“失海”渔民旅游生计转型表现为回避型、尝试型、专注型和变革型4种应对策略。本研究拓展了生计资本理论应用场景,验证了“失海”渔民通过旅游实现生计转型的可行性与独特价值。

关键词: “失海”渔民, 休闲渔业, 生计转型, 生计资本, 海洋旅游, 乡村振兴

Abstract:

Leisure fishing and maritime tourism serve as an important orientation for fishermen’s livelihood transformation. Therefore, it is of great significance theoretically and practically to investigate the influencing factors in the process of fishermen’s livelihood transformation, and fishermen’s decision on tactics selection. This paper adopts the push-pull theory and sustainable livelihood framework to study the factors that influence fishermen’s livelihood transformation and to uncover the veil of fishermen’s livelihood reconstruction through tourism. Qualitative data were collected in Xiangshan, Ningbo, through interviews and no-participatory observations. The research findings indicate that: (1) The push factors including functional change of natural capital, the change of human capital, the upgrade of physical capital and the dysfunction of cultural capital from the “fishery livelihood mode” and the pull factors including policy support, improvement of job environment, the optimization of family relationship and attachment to maritime culture from the “tourism livelihood mode” are leveraged to promote the transformation. (2) The livelihood capitals of sea-lost fishermen include natural capital, human capital, social capital, financial capital, physical capital and psychological capital; yet, the absence of psychological capital in the framework hinders the livelihood transformation. (3) The sea-lost fishermen have four types of tactics to cope with the livelihood transformation according to the matrix of livelihood capital’s coverage and richness: escape, exploration, focus, and innovation. The paper theoretically extends the application of sustainable livelihood theory, identifies the factors that affect sea-lost fishermen’s livelihood transformation, and verifies the possibility and unique value of the livelihood transformation via practicing tourism.

Key words: sea-lost fishermen, leisure fishery, livelihood mode transformation, livelihood capi-tal, maritime tourism, rural revitalization