中国养老旅游研究计量分析与主题述评

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20220141

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

养老旅游是集合“养老”和“旅游”及其相关问题的研究课题。随着人口老龄化加速，该领域的研究逐渐增多。为了解中国老旅游研究的核心内容与最新趋势，本研究通过文献计量和数据可视化方法分析中国2006—2020年发表的292篇养老旅游重要学术文献，还原该领域研究的演进过程，析出8个重要研究主题，并将这些主题划分为概念定义、产品特征与产业构成、消费需求/外部环境/行为偏好、社会效应、产业政策5大类。目前养老旅游产品特征与产业构成的研究成果较为丰富，其次是产业政策，而针对概念定义、消费需求/外部环境/行为偏好、社会效应的研究尚不充分。养老旅游研究存在学术理论体系尚不完善、研究方法较为单一、一手数据较少、缺少落地可行的对策等情况。未来中国养老旅游研究可以从明确概念界定、拓宽理论视角、开展深度案例研究与一手数据分析、揭示消费者需求生成机制、探究中国养老旅游新特征等方面深入，在辨析养老旅游“现象是什么”与“为什么出现”两个核心问题的基础上，为养老旅游产业高质量发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 养老旅游, 老年旅游, 文献综述, 计量分析, 主题述评, 老龄化

Abstract:

Elderly long-stay tourism is a research category combining “elderly care”, “tourism” and other related subjects. With the acceleration of population aging and the booming of commercial practice, the research in this field has gradually increased. This paper aims to understand the research trend and core issues of elderly long-stay tourism in China. Through bibliometric analysis and data visualization, this study analyzes 292 related articles published in China from 2006 to 2020, organizes the evolution process of this academic concept, and summarizes the content of these research into 8 key topics. Based on content analysis, these 8 key topics are divided according to disciplines into five categories, which are concept/definition, product/industry, demand/external environment/behavior preference, social effect, and industrial policy. According to the result, existing research mainly focuses on product/industry, followed by industrial policy, while demand/external environment/behavior preference, concept/definition and social effect are far less studied. Weaknesses can be found among existing research. For example, theories in elderly long-stay tourism have not been systematically developed, choices of quantitative methods are limited, data are mainly secondary, and precision and practicality fall short in problem analysis and industrial proposition. Accordingly, it is recommended that future research can be further advanced by specifying clearer concept and definition, broadening disciplinary and theoretical perspective, conducting authentic case studies, analyzing primary data, revealing generative mechanism of consumers’ demand, and investigating original characteristics of elderly long-stay tourism in China. Based on this, “what is the phenomenon” and “why does it exist”-the two core questions of the research object-shall be properly answered, and theoretical foundation is provided for the high-quality development of elderly long-stay tourism industry

Key words: elderly long-stay tourism, senior tourism, literature review, bibliometric analysis, thematic review, ageing

胡安安, 黄荔桐, 王思琪. 中国养老旅游研究计量分析与主题述评[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2023, 13(1): 44-61.

Hu An’an, Huang Litong, Wang Siqi. Research on elderly long-stay tourism in China:A bibliometric and thematic review[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2023, 13(1): 44-61.

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表2

部分学者对养老旅游的定义

研究者	发表年份	概念	定义
李松柏^[18]	2007	旅游养老	旅游养老是一种以老年人为消费主体，以寻找更舒适的养老环境而离开常住地为目的，以异地休闲、度假、养生为活动内容，连续时间不超过一年，将旅游活动与养老活动有机结合的专项旅游项目，其本质为老年旅游^[18]
梁陶^[19]	2008	旅游养老、养老旅游	旅游养老作为旅游的一种，以旅游的定义为基础。旅游是人类社会的一种短期生活方式，是旅游者在旅行和暂时性停留中所引起的一切现象和关系的总和。养老旅游是指老年旅游者不以获取经济利益为目的，连续时间不超过一年，在异地养老过程中所发生的一切现象和关系的总和^[19]
周刚^[20]	2009	养老旅游	从旅游学的角度看，养老旅游是老年旅游者以异地养老形式而发生的，不以工作、定居、长期移民为目的的旅行、暂居、游览活动（包括度假、观光、疗养、保健等旅游形式）的总称^[20]
黄璜^[2]	2013	养老旅游	养老旅游，也叫老年长居旅游（elderly long-stay tourism），是指老年人以提高生活质量为目的，旅行到其常住地之外生活，连续停留时间在一个月至一年之间，旅行距离一般跨越省界甚至国界，以季节性、多居所、巡回式生活方式为特征，不同于短期观光旅游和长期性迁移，具有独特的发展规律的旅游模式^[2]
徐飞雄等^[21]	2019	养老旅游	养老旅游是老年人士为了保持健康、调养身心、延缓衰老而离开惯常环境，到其他地方居住（不超过1年）、休闲、度假、养生等活动和现象的总称^[21]
吴奕鹏等^[22]	2020	旅游养老	旅游养老是指调动国家/地区旅游资源，结合养老服务，使老年人能够依据季节变化而选择适宜的、连续时间在一个月到一年的精神赡养式养老方式^[22]

表2

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文献	研究者及年份	研究方法	研究内容
中国老年旅游研究述评	李琳等^[1]（2011）	定性	中国研究成果中老年旅游的概念、主体、市场、脉络
国外养老旅游研究进展与我国借鉴	黄璜^[2] （2013）	定性	国外研究中养老旅游的发展沿革、动机、特性、效应
国外关于异地旅游养老问题研究综述	袁开国等^[3] （2013）	定性	国外研究中异地旅游养老的类型、选择过程及影响因素
近二十年中国养老旅游研究态势: 基于1993—2017年CNKI所刊期刊文献的共词可视化分析	杨曌等^[4] （2018）	定量（数据统计、高频关键词知识图谱分析）	中国养老旅游研究的文献分布、研究热点，养老旅游的概念界定、影响因素
国内养老旅游研究综述	单亚琴等^[5] （2016）	定量（数据统计）	中国养老旅游研究的主要内容（概念、市场研究、产品开发、消费行为、制约因素、特定区域实践）
文献计量视角的中国老年旅游研究分析	罗栋等^[6] （2018）	定量（数据统计）	中国老年旅游研究的文献分布，老年旅游的研究热点及主题（市场、产品、影响因素）
国内康养旅游研究进展回顾与思考: 基于CiteSpace知识图谱分析	杨亚萍等^[7] （2019）	定量（高频关键词知识图谱分析）	中国康养旅游研究的文献分布、研究热点
养老旅游: 中外研究的多维度理论前沿与展望	杨曌等^[8] （2018）	定性	养老旅游的概念内涵、学科维度、中外研究对比