中国生态旅游

中国生态旅游 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 183-205.doi: 10.12342/zgstly.20230041

• •    下一篇

《旅游法》实施回顾与展望

宋昌耀1(), 厉新建1,*(), 王学峰2, 张辉2, 宋瑞3, 曾博伟4, 谢朝武5, 唐承财1, 宁志中6, 粟路军7, 申海恩8   

  1. 1.北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院，北京 100024
    2.北京交通大学经济管理学院，北京 100044
    3.中国社会科学院大学商学院，北京 102488
    4.北京联合大学旅游学院，北京 100101
    5.华侨大学旅游学院，泉州 362021
    6.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101
    7.中南大学商学院，长沙 410083
    8.中国政法大学民商经济法学院，北京 100088
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-07 修回日期:2023-04-20 出版日期:2023-04-28 发布日期:2023-05-25
  • 通讯作者: *厉新建（1973-），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为旅游经济发展战略。E-mail: xinjian1230@126.com
  • 作者简介:宋昌耀（1991-），男，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为旅游经济与区域经济。E-mail: songchangyao@sina.com
    其他作者按撰写内容排序，为共同第二作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重大项目(20ZDA067);国家社科基金后期资助项目(19FGLBO04);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071199)

The implementation of the Tourism Law of the People’s Republic of China: Retrospect and prospect

Song Changyao1(), Li Xinjian1,*(), Wang Xuefeng2, Zhang Hui2, Song Rui3, Zheng Bowei4, Xie Chaowu5, Tang Chengcai1, Ning Zhizhong6, Su Lujun7, Shen Haien8   

  1. 1. School of Tourism Sciences, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing 100024, China
    2. School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    3. Business School, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 102488, China
    4. School of Tourism, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China
    5. School of Tourism, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
    6. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    7. Business School, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
    8. Civil, Commercial and Economic Law School, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
  • Received:2023-04-07 Revised:2023-04-20 Online:2023-04-28 Published:2023-05-25
  • Contact: *Li Xinjian. E-mail: xinjian1230@126.com

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摘要：

《中华人民共和国旅游法》是一部集促进法、监管法与交易法为一体的综合性立法，就保障和促进旅游业规范和高效运行做出了基本制度安排。以《旅游法》实施十周年为契机，从《旅游法》主要内容出发，围绕新形势与新业态、立体监管与专项深化、规划促进与景区规范、旅游者幸福感保障与私法改革路向等进行讨论，进而提出《旅游法》未来修订方向建议。研究认为：（1）旅游综合协调机制亟待优化。建议增加对旅游权利的阐释，推动立法精神向协同提升发展转变，完善相关配套与实施细则，以包容审慎原则关注旅游新业态发展。（2）从全过程、全方位、多主体、多方式、多领域强化和优化旅游立体化监管。深化旅游安全监管，进一步明确旅游行政部门和其他相关部门的安全监管责任、高风险旅游项目的治理体制、在线旅游经营者的安全责任，加强旅游生态影响监管。（3）优化旅游专项规划编制体系，确立旅游用地与国家土地分类体系的适配原则。（4）研究制定《旅游景区条例》，解决旅游资源开发许可、景区开放法定程序、景区各主体的责任边界等问题。（5）建立满足旅游者美好生活需要的法律保障。从旅游地、旅游经营者、旅游从业人员和旅游者角度出发保障旅游者幸福感。（6）从标准化、软法配置、国际化方向探索解决旅游私法的可操作性弱、发展性差、地方性过强等问题。

关键词: 《旅游法》, 旅游业, 旅游综合协调机制, 旅游规划, 旅游景区, 旅游者, 旅游私法

Abstract:

The Tourism Law of the People’s Republic of China (referred to as the Tourism Law) is a comprehensive legislation that integrates the promotion law, the supervision law, and the transaction law, which makes basic institutional arrangement to ensure and promote the standardized and efficient operation of the tourism industry. Taking the 10th anniversary of the implementation of the Tourism Law as an opportunity, this article starts from the main chapters of the Tourism Law, discusses the new situation and new business forms, the deepening of three-dimensional supervision and special projects, the promotion of planning and the standardi-zation of tourism attractions, the guarantee of tourists’ wellbeing and the way of private law reform, and then puts forward suggestions on future directions for the revision of the Tourism Law. The paper suggests that: (1) the comprehensive leveraging mechanism of tourism needs to be optimized urgently. It is required to increase the interpretation of tourism rights, promote the transformation of legislative spirit towards collaborative development, strengthen attention and guidance to new business formats, and improve relevant supporting and implementation rules. We need to adhere to the principle of inclusiveness and prudence, and closely monitor the development of new tourism formats. (2) It is necessary to strengthen and optimize the multi-dimensional supervision of tourism from the entire process, all-round, multi-body, multi-modality and multi-discipline; to deepen tourism safety supervision, and further clarify the safety supervision responsibilities of tourism administrative departments and other departments concerned, the governance system for high-risk tourism projects, and the safety responsibilities of online tourism operators; to strengthen the supervision of tourism ecological impact. (3) It is required to optimize the formulation system of special tourism planning and establish the principle of adapting tourism land to national land classification. (4) It is necessary to study and formulate the regulations on tourism attractions to solve issues such as licensing of tourism resources development, legal procedures for tourism attractions opening up, and responsibility boundaries of tourism attractions. (5) It is necessary to establish a legal guarantee to meet the needs of tourists for a better life and safeguard their sense of happiness from the perspectives of tourist destinations, tourism operators, tourism practitioners, and tourists. (6) It is urgent to explore and solve the problems of weak operability, poor development and excessive localization of tourism private law from the direction of standardization, soft law configuration and internationalization.

Key words: Tourism Law, tourism industry, comprehensive coordination mechanism for tourism, tourism planning, tourist attraction, tourist, tourism private law