山地旅游区空间聚散效应及影响因素分析——以武陵山片区为例

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20220001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以典型山地旅游区武陵山片区为研究对象，本研究选取2010—2019年为研究时段，综合运用熵权法、加权平均旅行时间、场强模型、地理探测器等方法，解析武陵山片区旅游地交通可达性格局、空间聚散效应特征及内在影响机理。结果表明：（1）片区初步形成以南部怀化市为中心，“V”字形向西、向北递减的交通可达性格局，各市（区）旅游综合实力指数总体保持小幅波动式增长，片区内部发展差距缩小；（2）片区空间聚散效应格局由研究初期的“孤岛式”演化成“多核心”环状发散格局，初步形成以点带面的协同发展模式；（3）片区旅游空间聚散效应格局核心影响因子由人口流动转变为交通条件，二者交互作用共同影响了片区聚散效应格局，推动片区实现动态化均衡发展。本研究可为巩固区域旅游扶贫成果、实现乡村振兴有机衔接提供科学参考。

关键词: 交通可达性, 旅游场强, 空间聚散效应, 影响因素, 山地旅游, 武陵山片区

Abstract:

Taking Wuling Mountain, a typical mountain tourist destination, as the research area, the paper intends to analyze the accessibility patterns of this tourism destination, the spatial aggregation-diffusivity effect characteristics and internal influence mechanism with the application of weighted average travel time, field strength model, geographical detector and other methods and the related data from 2010 to 2019. The results suggest that: (1) the development of tourism activities promotes the improvement of traffic accessibility pattern in the research area, which centered Huaihua city and decreases to the west and north in a “V” shape. The change of traffic accessibility pattern drives the tourism activities in Wuling Mountain area to be more active, which realizes the trend of improving the comprehensive tourism strength of each region and narrows the development gap within the area. (2) The evolution of the spatial aggregation-diffusivity effect pattern indicates the whole area has formed a “multi-core” ring divergent pattern, and the point-to-area coordinated development model has been initially formed to promote the coordinated development of the region. (3) From the detection results of aggregation-diffusivity effect pattern, the core factor has changed from population mobility to traffic conditions, and the interaction between traffic conditions and population mobility affects the pattern of aggregation-diffusivity effect to the greatest extent, realizing the dynamic and balanced development of the area. This work provides a scientific reference for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation by regional tourism, realizing the organic connection of rural revitalization and promoting the high-quality development of regional tourism.

Key words: traffic accessibility, tourism field strength, aggregation-diffusivity effect, influencing factors, mountain tourism, Wuling Mountain area

麻学锋, 张艳芳. 山地旅游区空间聚散效应及影响因素分析——以武陵山片区为例[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2022, 12(6): 923-937.

Ma Xuefeng, Zhang Yanfang. Research on the spatial aggregation-diffusivity effect and analysis of its influencing factors in mountainous tourism area: A case study of Wuling Mountain area[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2022, 12(6): 923-937.

图/表 9

表1

表2

表3

集聚因子之间的交互作用类型

判断依据	作用类型
$q （ X 1 ⋂ X 2 ） < M i n （ * - / q （ X 1 ）， q （ X 2 ））$	非线性减弱
$M i n （ q （ X 1 ）， q （ X 2 ）） < q （ X 1 ⋂ X 2 ） < M a x （ q （ X 1 ）， q （ X 2 ））$	单因子非线性减弱
$q （ X 1 ⋂ X 2 ） > M a x （ q （ X 1 ）， q （ X 2 ））$	双因子增强
$q （ X 1 ⋂ X 2 ） = q （ X 1 ） + q （ X 2 ）$	独立
$q （ X 1 ⋂ X 2 ） > q （ X 1 ） + q （ X 2 ）$	非线性增强

表3

图1

图2

图3

图4

表4

图5

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准则层	指标层	说明
旅游发展	旅游综合收入（Z₁）	从旅游收入和旅游人数两方面描述旅游业规模
	旅游接待总人数（Z₂）	从旅游收入和旅游人数两方面描述旅游业规模
	客运总量（Z₃）	从吃、住、行等方面选取客运总量、星级宾馆数、第三产业从业人数比重及住宿和餐饮业从业人员数等指标来衡量当地旅游接待能力
	星级宾馆数（Z₄）
	第三产业从业人数比重（Z₅）
	住宿和餐饮业从业人员数（Z₆）
经济发展	GDP（Z₇）	选取GDP、地区财政收入、第三产业增加值等具有代表性的指标描述当地经济发展水平
	地区财政收入（Z₈）
	第三产业增加值（Z₉）
	固定资产投资总额（Z₁₀）	表征政府对于旅游业体系发展的支持力度
社会发展	城镇居民可支配收入（Z₁₁）	衡量社会经济发展平均水平
	农村居民人均纯收入（Z₁₂）
	人均GDP（Z₁₃）
	城镇化水平（Z₁₄）	反映当地新型城镇化进程
	通车里程总计（Z₁₅）	反映交通基础设施完善度
生态环境	自然资源禀赋（Z₁₆）	按景区等级赋值计算各市州（区）资源禀赋总分
	污水处理率（Z₁₇）	旅游发展中人类活动对生态环境产生影响，以污水处理率、垃圾无害化处理率及建成区绿化覆盖率来反映生态环境总体情况
	垃圾无害化处理率（Z₁₈）
	建成区绿化覆盖率（Z₁₉）

年份	2010年	2015年	2019年
交互因子1	人口流动∩生态资源	交通条件∩人口流动	交通条件∩人口流动
q	0.891	0.764	0.853
交互因子2	人口流动∩交通条件	人口流动∩经济发展	政策导向∩产业结构
q	0.816	0.732	0.795
交互因子3	人口流动∩经济发展	交通条件∩经济发展	交通条件∩经济发展
q	0.774	0.718	0.736