城市动物园的动物景观演变与自然教育实践：广州动物园案例

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20220163

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

动物园是城市社会的重要旅游空间，也是开展动物保护与自然教育的重要基地。近年来，动物园的动物福利和伦理问题引起社会广泛关注。本研究以广州动物园为案例，综合运用实地调研与文本分析两种方法，尝试以“动物景观”为理论框架，探讨城市动物园的动物景观演变及其自然教育实践。研究发现：城市动物园经历了从猎奇与流动的观赏性动物景观，到扩张与亲近的娱乐性动物景观，再到丰容与科学的生态性动物景观的进阶演变过程，动物景观的进阶动力源于人类越发正视和尊重动物天性及可供性的显著趋势。人类并非动物景观的唯一生产者，动物的能动性和主体性贯穿城市动物园动物景观演变的全过程，动物会根据人类所设的生存条件参与动物景观的生产过程，并以自身的身体、习性和行为等维度深刻影响自然教育的形式及层次。做好动物保育工作和注重伦理问题有利于生产更高阶的动物景观，从而助促自然教育的进一步发展。

关键词: 动物园, 动物旅游, 动物伦理, 文化景观, 动物景观, 自然教育

Abstract:

Zoo is an important tourism space in urban society, as well as a key base for animal protection and nature education. In recent years, animal welfare and ethical issues in zoos have attracted a wide social attention. Taking Guangzhou Zoo as a case study, this paper uses both field survey and textual analysis to explore the evolution of animal landscapes and nature education practices in urban zoos, using “animal landscape” as a theoretical framework. The study finds that urban zoos have evolved from ornamental animal landscapes of curiosity and mobility, to recreational animal landscapes of expansion and intimacy, and to ecological animal landscapes of enrichment and science, which was driven by the remarkable trend of humans’ increasing appreciation and respect for the nature and affordance of animals. Humans are not the only producers of animal landscapes, dynamic and subjective nature of animals was presented throughout the evolution. Animals participate in the production of animal landscapes according to the conditions of existence set by humans, and their bodies, habits and behaviors profoundly influence the form and level of nature education. The valuing of animal conservation and ethical issues are conducive to the production of higher order animal landscapes, thus contributing to the further development of nature education.

Key words: zoo, animal tourism, animal ethics, cultural landscape, animal landscape, nature education

温士贤, 陈钰妍, 廖健豪. 城市动物园的动物景观演变与自然教育实践：广州动物园案例[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2023, 13(3): 526-539.

Wen Shixian, Chen Yuyan, Liao Jianhao. The evolution of animal landscape and practice of nature education in urban zoos: A case study of Guangzhou Zoo[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2023, 13(3): 526-539.

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