自然联结与环境态度对儿童幸福感的影响——基于环境行为的中介效应分析

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20220167

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于态度-行为-情境理论，引入主观幸福感变量，将环境态度分为保护和利用两个层面，考察自然联结和环境态度对儿童环境行为的作用路径，以及环境行为在自然联结与环境态度这两个变量和儿童幸福感关系间的中介效应机制。针对332份有效问卷的分析结果显示：儿童环境利用态度与自然联结、环境行为、幸福感均无显著关系；自然联结、环境行为均是儿童幸福感的前驱因素；环境行为在自然联结与儿童幸福感之间起部分中介作用；环境行为在环境保护态度与儿童幸福感之间起完全中介作用；环境保护态度和环境行为在自然联结与儿童幸福感之间起到链式中介作用。基于上述结论，社会、学校、家长应增加儿童与自然接触和户外活动的时间和机会，通过开展儿童环境教育课程和研学旅行活动，培养儿童的环境保护态度，丰富儿童与自然接触的方式，提升儿童幸福感。本研究所构建的模型以及相关结论丰富和拓展了儿童环境心理学方面的研究，尤其是在推动儿童环境行为与儿童幸福感的研究方面具有一定的理论意义。

关键词: 自然联结, 环境态度, 环境行为, 幸福感

Abstract:

Based on the theory of attitude-behavior-context, this paper divides the environ- mental attitude into two levels: preservation and utilization, on this basis, we introduce subjective happiness variables, and focus on the mediating effects of environmental behavior on the relationship between natural connectedness and environmental attitude. The results of 332 valid questionnaires analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between children’s attitude to environment utilization and their natural connectedness, environmental behavior and happiness. Natural connectedness and environmental behavior are all precursor factors of children’s happiness. Environmental behavior plays a partial mediating role between natural connectedness and children’s happiness, and environmental behavior plays a complete mediating role between environmental preservation attitude and children’s happiness. Environmental protection attitudes and environmental behavior play a chain mediating role between natural connectedness and children’s happiness. Based on the above conclusions, society, schools and parents should increase the time and opportunities for children’s contact with nature and outdoor activities through environmental education courses and study tours for children, cultivate children’s attitude of environmental protection, enrich children’s ways of contact with nature, enhance children’s sense of happiness. The model and related conclusions in this paper enrich and expand the study of children’s environmental psychology, especially in promoting the study of children’s environmental behavior and children’s wellbeing.

Key words: natural connectedness, environmental attitude, environmental behavior, wellbeing

郑文娟, 张琳. 自然联结与环境态度对儿童幸福感的影响——基于环境行为的中介效应分析[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2023, 13(3): 510-525.

Zheng Wenjuan, Zhang Lin. The influence of natural connectedness and environmental attitude on children’s wellbeing: The mediating effect of environmental behavior[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2023, 13(3): 510-525.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

验证性因子分析结果

题项	题项	标准荷载	组合信度	平均方差萃取量	α系数
自然联结	NC1 我喜欢听到大自然不同的声音	0.602	0.867	0.352	0.869
	NC2 我喜欢看大自然的野花	0.639
	NC3 当我难过时，我喜欢到户外享受自然	0.564
	NC4 在自然环境中，我感到很平静	0.578
	NC5 我喜欢养花养草	0.586
	NC7 在户外使我感到快乐	0.601
	NC8 我觉得收集石头和贝壳很有趣	0.644
	NC9 我喜欢看到野生动物生活在干净的环境里	0.629
	NC10 我喜欢动物和植物	0.615
	NC11 照顾动物对我来说很重要	0.616
	NC12 人类是自然界的一部分	0.509
	NC14 我的行动会让自然界变得不同	0.521
环境保护态度	NA1 如果我有余钱，我会拿出一些来保护自然	0.690	0.844	0.406	0.789
	NA2 为节能，夏天时我会确保房间空调不会过冷	0.615
	NA3 我希望可以坐在池塘边看蜻蜓	0.549
	NA6 我会帮忙筹集资金来保护大自然	0.733
	NA7 当我不需要时，我总是把灯关掉	0.577
	NA11 我会试图告诉别人，大自然是很重要的	0.723
	NA12 我会缩短淋浴时间，或在刷牙时先把水关掉	0.587
	NA13 我喜欢大自然的宁静	0.592
环境利用态度	NA5 新建道路是重要的，所以树木应该被砍掉	0.516	0.753	0.381	0.635
	NA10 我们应该把沼泽地的水排干，并用来耕种	0.645
	NA14 我们必须清理大自然的土地来种植粮食	0.699
	NA15 人们应该支配、掌控仅存的大自然	0.624
	NA16 杂草应被除掉，因为占用了种植农作物的土地	0.585
环境行为	NAT1 我会利用使用过的纸张背面来画画或是做笔记	0.511	0.907	0.416	0.876
	NAT2 我曾利用植物美化、绿化家里的环境	0.686
	NAT3 当我最晚离开房间时，我会随手关灯及电扇	0.502
	NAT4 我曾参加社区、学校举办的有关环保活动	0.673
	NAT6 外出购物时，我会自己准备购物袋或是背包	0.640
	NAT7 我会拒绝购买过度包装的商品	0.554
	NAT8 我会回收易拉罐、废电池等原本要丢弃的东西	0.603
	NAT9 我会优先购买有“环保标志”的产品	0.671
	NAT10 我会尽量购买可长期使用的产品	0.710
	NAT11 我曾和家人、朋友、同学一起探讨环境问题	0.727
	NAT12 当看到别人乱丢垃圾时，我会劝阻他	0.707
	NAT13 如果要到不太远的地方，我会建议家人骑电动车、搭乘公交车或是走路，不要使用汽车	0.621
	NAT14 我会提醒家人注意降低讲话、电视等的音量	0.693
	NAT15 我会告诉家人减少使用塑料袋做好垃圾分类	0.661
幸福感	HP1 总的来说，我认为自己很幸福	0.843	0.825	0.614	0.678
	HP2 相比较于大部分身边的人，我认为自己很幸福	0.824
	HP3 有的人总是很快乐，不管什么时候，他们都会笑对生活。我觉得自己就是这样的一个人	0.672
问卷整体信度Cronbach’s α系数=0.905 Bartlett球形检验：近似卡方=5932.957		KMO值=0.881
问卷整体信度Cronbach’s α系数=0.905 Bartlett球形检验：近似卡方=5932.957		df=1225		Sig.=0.00

表2

表3

图2

表4

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题项	选项	人数	百分比（%）	题项	选项	人数	百分比（%）
性别	男	150	45.18	年龄	6岁	3	0.90
性别	女	182	54.82		7岁	27	8.13
年级	一年级	54	16.27		8岁	48	14.46
	二年级	56	16.87		9岁	46	13.86
	三年级	61	18.37		10岁	68	20.48
	四年级	52	15.66		11岁	61	18.37
	五年级	56	16.87		12岁	58	17.47
	六年级	53	15.96		13岁	21	6.33

变量	1	2	3	4	5
自然联结
环境保护态度	0.67^**
环境利用态度	-0.41	-0.04
环境行为	0.63^**	0.58^**	0.06
幸福感	0.47^**	0.35^**	-0.05	0.50^**
均值	4.14	4.16	2.55	3.75	4.07
标准差	0.56	0.58	0.87	0.73	0.74

假设	效应	路径	效应值	标准误	置信区间 Lower Upper
H5a	总效应	自然联结→幸福感	0.623	0.065	0.495	0.751
	直接效应	自然联结→幸福感	0.263	0.062	0.180	0.509
	间接效应	自然联结→环境行为→幸福感	0.274	0.061	0.166	0.406
H5b	总效应	环境保护态度→幸福感	0.443	0.067	0.220	0.454
	直接效应	环境保护态度→幸福感	0.094	0.064	-0.037	0.214
	间接效应	环境保护态度→环境行为→幸福感	0.324	0.059	0.317	0.576
H6a	总效应	自然联结→幸福感	0.623	0.065	0.495	0.751
	直接效应	自然联结→幸福感	0.281	0.067	0.198	0.557
	总间接效应		0.250	0.071	0.114	0.392
	间接效应	自然联结→环境保护态度→幸福感	-0.032	0.059	-0.153	0.080
		自然联结→环境行为→幸福感	0.193	0.050	0.111	0.308
		自然联结→环境保护态度→环境行为→幸福感	0.089	0.028	0.045	0.155