中国生态旅游 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 342-355.doi: 10.12342/zgstly.20220099
张译心1(), 刘健1,*(
), 杜立柱2, 野村理惠3, 闫树睿1
收稿日期:
2022-06-26
修回日期:
2023-03-24
出版日期:
2023-04-28
发布日期:
2023-05-25
通讯作者:
*刘健(1968-),女,博士,博士生导师,教授,研究方向为城市治理与遗产保护。E-mail: liujian@tsinghua.edu.cn作者简介:
张译心(1994-),女,博士研究生,研究方向为城市更新与工业遗产。E-mail: yixin-zh21@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
Zhang Yixin1(), Liu Jian1,*(
), Du Lizhu2, Nomura Rie3, Yan Shurui1
Received:
2022-06-26
Revised:
2023-03-24
Published:
2023-04-28
Online:
2023-05-25
摘要:
传统工业地区的人口流失、空间闲置等空心化现象是一个世界议题。本研究基于文献分析与实地考察,总结日本最大工业区——北海道空知工业区以工业遗产旅游应对空心化挑战的实践经验:应用“吸引-回馈”理论指导空心化工业区的遗产旅游开发和整体振兴计划;打造工业遗产旅游景点,提升空心化工业区的吸引力并促进经济复苏;组织开展工业遗产主题艺术活动和各类移居项目,减缓收缩工业区的人口空心化势头;挖掘和塑造工业文化特色,促进社区和游客对空心化工业区的文化认同;邀请游客参与环境改造,进而推动空心化工业区的城市更新。本研究认为,随着工业化程度提升和工业技术转型,中国老工业基地、资源枯竭型城市等空心化地域数量不断增长,对此应集聚多方力量加快工业遗产认定及其体系建设,科学制定空心化工业区的更新规划;因地制宜确定工业遗产旅游开发主题和开发模式,提升空心化工业区的吸引力以促进经济复苏;注重地方文化特色挖掘、创新工业遗产旅游项目,不断强化空心化工业区的文化认同和凝聚力,以促进空心化工业区的遗产保护和更新利用。
张译心, 刘健, 杜立柱, 野村理惠, 闫树睿. 以工业遗产旅游拯救空心化地域——日本空知工业区的实践启示[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2023, 13(2): 342-355.
Zhang Yixin, Liu Jian, Du Lizhu, Nomura Rie, Yan Shurui. Rescue the hollowed-out area through industrial heritage tourism: Implications from the practice in Japan’s Sorachi Industrial Area[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2023, 13(2): 342-355.
表1
空知工业遗产旅游开发条件评价指标体系
一级 | 二级 | 含义 |
---|---|---|
地标 | 竖井 | 进入地下开采必经设施,通常高40~60米,采深300~1000米,由地下巷道、井架、井筒组成 |
矿山 | 具有矿业遗迹及人文景观的采矿山体 | |
煤矿遗产价值 | 生产设施 | 勘测采掘、选矿冶炼、加工运输、管理后勤遗迹 |
铁道 | 客运物运铁路 | |
商住场所 | 居住生活遗址 | |
历史筑物 | 社会生活遗址 | |
文教设施 | 遗产宣教建筑 | |
开展的可行性 | 艺术 | 艺术产业相关的人员与场地 |
工业自然 | 通过物种自然介入或人工种植实现废弃遗址植被再生的后工业景观,如工业废墟、露头炭 | |
观光行动 | 煤矿遗产之外景点、住宿餐饮设施、非物质遗产文化 | |
中心城市距离 | 距离北海道首府札幌市越近,交通越便捷,客流量越大 | |
市民活动 | 组织能力 |
表2
旅游开发条件评价分值统计
景点 | 评价项目 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地标 | 煤矿遗产价值 | 开展的可能性 | 评价 总分 | ||||||||||
竖井 | 矿山 | 生产 设施 | 铁道 | 矿工 居所 | 历史 建筑 | 文教 设施 | 艺术 | 自然 | 观光 行动 | 札幌 距离 | 市民 活动 | ||
A1 岩见泽 | 10 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 15 | 44 | |||||||
A2 赤平 | 15 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 44 | |||
A3 美呗(盘之泽) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 55 | |||
A4 幌内 | 2 | 10 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 15 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 59 | |
A5 唐松·弥生·几春别 | 10 5 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 54 | |||
A6 夕张上流部 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 54 | |||||||||
A7 清水泽·南部 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 15 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 51 | ||||
B1 南美呗 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 21 | ||||||||
B2 美流渡·万字 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 33 | |||||
C1 歌志内上流部 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 16 | |||||
C2 芦别(国道452号北) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 7 | ||||
C3 上砂川 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10 | |||||
D1 栗山 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 9 | |||||||||
D2 滝川 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 12 |
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