以工业遗产旅游拯救空心化地域——日本空知工业区的实践启示

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20220099

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统工业地区的人口流失、空间闲置等空心化现象是一个世界议题。本研究基于文献分析与实地考察，总结日本最大工业区——北海道空知工业区以工业遗产旅游应对空心化挑战的实践经验：应用“吸引-回馈”理论指导空心化工业区的遗产旅游开发和整体振兴计划；打造工业遗产旅游景点，提升空心化工业区的吸引力并促进经济复苏；组织开展工业遗产主题艺术活动和各类移居项目，减缓收缩工业区的人口空心化势头；挖掘和塑造工业文化特色，促进社区和游客对空心化工业区的文化认同；邀请游客参与环境改造，进而推动空心化工业区的城市更新。本研究认为，随着工业化程度提升和工业技术转型，中国老工业基地、资源枯竭型城市等空心化地域数量不断增长，对此应集聚多方力量加快工业遗产认定及其体系建设，科学制定空心化工业区的更新规划；因地制宜确定工业遗产旅游开发主题和开发模式，提升空心化工业区的吸引力以促进经济复苏；注重地方文化特色挖掘、创新工业遗产旅游项目，不断强化空心化工业区的文化认同和凝聚力，以促进空心化工业区的遗产保护和更新利用。

关键词: 工业遗产旅游, 旅游开发模式, 人口空心化, 收缩工业区, 日本空知工业区

Abstract:

Hollowing-out phenomena such as population loss and space idleness in traditional industrial cities are a worldwide issue. Based on literature analysis and field investigation, this paper summarizes the practical experience of Japan’s largest industrial zone-Hokkaido Sorachi Industrial Area, which uses industrial heritage tourism to combat with the challenge of hollowing out: applying the theory of “attraction-feedback” to guide the development of heritage tourism and overall revitalization plan of the hollowed-out industrial zone; creating industrial heritage tourist attractions to enhance the attractiveness of hollowed industrial areas and promote economic recovery; organizing industrial heritage-themed art activities and various resettlement projects to slow down the trend of population hollowing in shrinking industrial areas; excavating and shaping industrial cultural characteristics to promote community and tourists’ cultural identity to the hollowed industrial zone; inviting tourists to participate in the environmental transformation to promote the urban renewal of the hollowed industrial zone. This paper argued that, with the improvement of industrialization and the transformation of industrial technology, the number of hollow-out areas such as China’s old industrial bases and resource-exhausted cities continues to increase. In this regard, it is necessary to gather multiple forces to speed up the identification of industrial heritage and the construction of the system, and scientifically formulate the renewal planning of hollowed industrial areas; determine the theme and development mode of industrial heritage tourism development according to local conditions, enhance the attractiveness of the holloweded industrial zone to promote economic recovery; pay attention to the excavation of local cultural characteristics, innovate industrial heritage tourism projects, and continuously strengthen the cultural identity and cohesion of the hollowed industrial zone, to promote the protection, renewal and utilization of the heritage in hollow-out industrial areas.

Key words: industrial heritage tourism, tourism development model, population hollowing out, shrinking industrial area, Japan Sorachi Industrial Area

张译心, 刘健, 杜立柱, 野村理惠, 闫树睿. 以工业遗产旅游拯救空心化地域——日本空知工业区的实践启示[J]. 中国生态旅游, 2023, 13(2): 342-355.

Zhang Yixin, Liu Jian, Du Lizhu, Nomura Rie, Yan Shurui. Rescue the hollowed-out area through industrial heritage tourism: Implications from the practice in Japan’s Sorachi Industrial Area[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2023, 13(2): 342-355.

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一级	二级	含义
地标	竖井	进入地下开采必经设施，通常高40~60米，采深300~1000米，由地下巷道、井架、井筒组成
地标	矿山	具有矿业遗迹及人文景观的采矿山体
煤矿遗产价值	生产设施	勘测采掘、选矿冶炼、加工运输、管理后勤遗迹
	铁道	客运物运铁路
	商住场所	居住生活遗址
	历史筑物	社会生活遗址
	文教设施	遗产宣教建筑
开展的可行性	艺术	艺术产业相关的人员与场地
	工业自然	通过物种自然介入或人工种植实现废弃遗址植被再生的后工业景观，如工业废墟、露头炭
	观光行动	煤矿遗产之外景点、住宿餐饮设施、非物质遗产文化
	中心城市距离	距离北海道首府札幌市越近，交通越便捷，客流量越大
	市民活动	组织能力