基于形态学理论的乡土工艺地域位育性及其设计传承机制研究——以黄河上游水车为例

doi:10.12342/zgstly.20230022

Abstract

Abstract:

Vernacular crafts contain the adaptation characteristics of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, which have multiple values for the present and future social development. This study is based on the environmental adaptation theory of bio-morphology, analyzing the morphological evolution of typical traditional farming implements in the upper Yellow River reaches in an ephemeral and co-evolutionary fashion. From the concept of anthropology and bio-morphological adaptation to the environment, the evolutionary process of the Yellow River waterwheel has been sorted out chronologically, the regional causes have been analyzed co-temporally, and discuss the characteristics of vernacular crafts, as well as their design inheritance, evolution, and development. This study indicated that: (1) Morphology is the result of regional adaptation. The form of the waterwheel in the upper reaches of the Yellow River has passed through the southwest traditional Chinese noria, the Lanzhou Water Wheel, upper reaches of the Yellow River waterwheel, and the spokes of the waterwheel, production materials, shape structure, and other morphological characteristics have undergone significant changes; (2) The natural environment, including Loess Plateau topography and geomorphology, arid and semi-arid climate, and the cultural environment, including Loess culture and arid and semi-arid farming culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia, are the main motive factors for the evolution of the adaptation of the Yellow River waterwheel morphology; the natural environment is a direct factor and the cultural environment is an indirect factor. (3) The regional adaptation system of vernacular craft consists of both human and natural factors, and its "unity of man and nature" contains both ecological theoretical and tourism implementation values. (4) By retaining their symbolic traits, transforming their functional roles, and modernizing their materials and techniques, vernacular crafts can be passed down in a variety of ways.

Key words: morphological theory, vernacular craft, regional adaptation, design heritage, heritage tourism, intangible cultural heritage

Zhao Decheng, Wei Wenjin, Liu Jiale. Research on the adaptation of vernacular crafts and their design inheritance mechanism based on morphological theory:A case of upper Yellow River waterwheel[J].ECOTOURISM, 2023, 13(3): 453-465.

Figures/Tables 7

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References 28

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形态所处的位育环境及因素	位育环境影响下的黄河水车形态特征要素		形态特征要素的可遗传性及当下价值
自然位育环境及其影响下的工艺因素（外在）	材料：	采用本地榆、槐、柳木	将现代材料工艺和本地材料相结合
	结构工艺：	不用铁钉，全部契卯套合	继承基本结构并与现代加工技术相结合，创新转化
	功用：	利用河水推动力将河水提到河岸之上	生态基因，传承和创新发展，与现代相关产业融合
文化位育环境及其影响下的文化因素（内在）	生活、生产方式：	利用本地资源，人地共生、和谐位育的生活方式	精神继承，生活方式适应时代要求，变革，文化基因与当代文化相适应
	审美与文化符号：	秩序和节奏感，形成地方文化符号元素	新的审美需求，赋予古老水车以新的时代内涵和现代表达形式
	地域精神：	天人合一，异地移植，适应本地革新发展	继承和发扬工匠精神，革新精神、不复古、不泥古

Research on the adaptation of vernacular crafts and their design inheritance mechanism based on morphological theory:A case of upper Yellow River waterwheel

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