The integration of art and tourism is an important content to promote the deep integration of culture and tourism in the new stage of development. This paper reviews the origin and evolution of the integration of art and tourism, analyzes the research status quo and main topics, and tries to build a research framework of the integration of art and tourism. The research holds that: (1) the history of the integration of art and tourism is closely related to the social and economic development process of human beings, and it has always been an important part of the history of tourism. The main research topics of the integration of art and tourism include the integration of national art and tourism, literature and art and tourism, art performance and tourism, art blocks and tourism, art creative industries and tourism, and art education and tourism. (2)The connotative characteristics of the integration of art and tourism are mainly reflected in three levels: the integration subject, the integration object and the integration media. In terms of the integration subject, art tourists often have a high educational level and aesthetic literacy, appreciate the beauty of art through tourism experience and actively participate in artistic creative activities; in the aspect of integrating objects, the presentation forms of art tourism resources are constantly changing. The consumption content has gradually developed from the early art itself (art crafts) into creative forms such as artistic creation products and art festivals, realizing the change from paying attention to the art itself to paying attention to the overall artistic atmosphere; in terms of media integration, digital technology supports the development of art and tourism digitalization, and the artistic presentation in tourism has developed from traditional visual display to more emphasis on process interactive experience. (3) Based on the current situation of the integration of art and tourism, this paper constructs a research framework of the integration of art and tourism from two aspects: integration elements and integration paths, with a view to providing new ideas and directions for the research on the integration of art and tourism, as well as reference for the development practice of the integration of art and tourism.
The integration of sports and tourism is an important way to realize the innovation of business pattern and high-quality development of tourism destinations. Based on the theory of synergetics, the paper constructs an index system for the integration of sports and tourism. The synergy degree model of composite system and the benevolent data envelopment analysis (DEA) model are used to evaluate the degree of integration of sports and tourism, integration efficiency and development trend in China from 2010 to 2020, the influencing factors of the integration efficiency through the Tobit regression model. The results found that: (1) the order degree of sports and tourism subsystems oscillates significantly, and the integration degree of the two is not high but there is a development trend from uncoordinated to coordinated evolution; (2) the efficiency of sports and tourism integration showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2016, and a downward trend from 2017 to 2020; (3) the degree of transportation accessibility, the level of economic development and the industrial structure are important factors for improving the efficiency of the integration of sports and tourism, while the shortage of human capital, inadequate supporting facilities and lack of leisure spending power are constraints of integration. Finally, the article provides policy recommendations for realizing the integrated development of sports and tourism in China.
As a special night tourist attraction, Car Boot Sale is valued for effectively providing urban flexible employment, promoting consumption, boosting economic development, and enriching the good life of the city, but the collective characteristics of their practitioners as well as the mechanisms of their entry and exit behaviors are not yet known. This paper adopts a qualitative research method to study the motivation and behavioral characteristics of Car Boot Sale practitioners, and the specific findings are as follows: (1) Matching the practitioners’ motivation for capital accumulation with macro policies, their original skills with the requirements of the profession, and their social needs with the cultural atmosphere are an important condition for their entry into Car Boot Sale. (2) The sustainable operation of Car Boot Sale practitioners is mainly related to the elements of personal skills, social relations and capital. With the accumulation and development of these elements, the circle of relational connections formed with the three elements as the core expands outward to form a larger trade alliance, reflecting the characteristics of clustering and its economic scale. (3) The exit of the Car Boot Sale practitioners is the consequence of the weakening of the three major elements in the operation, and the increase or decrease of one element will affect the other two elements increase or decrease accordingly. This study provides a basis for the positioning, policy formulation and practitioner management of informal tourism economy development in China.
Health promotion is one of the main travel motivations, and tourism is beneficial to tourists’ health. In order to explore the relationship among tourist’ healthy motivation, healthy pursuit in tourism process and post-trip health effect, the authors utilizes the survey data of 1,050 valid samples from 121 cities nationwide obtained by a web-based questionnaire in China to conduct statistical analysis and structural equation model analysis. It is found that: health promotion is one of the main motivations for Chinese urban travelers; tourists’ perceived post-trip health effect mainly come from their healthy catering, accommodations and leisure activities in scenic areas; tourist health promotion motivation (including physical-mental health promotion motivation and interpersonal communication motivation) has a significant positive influence on tourists’perceived post-trip health effect, with physical health motives generating the largest perceived physical and mental health effect, and interpersonal communication motives generating the largest perceived social health effect; Chinese urban travelers’ healthy pursuit in tourism process plays a significant mediating role between their health promotion motivation and perceived health effects. The Healthy Motivation-Processing-Effect (HMPE) theoretical model of tourism for Chinese urban residents validated in this study, clarifies the driving paths and causal relationships between tourist health promotion motivation and healthy pursuit in tourism process, as well as their health effect.
Clarifying the deep-rooted relationship between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being is a crucial reference for advancing the ecological civilization construction of national parks and promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Taking Nanshan National Park as an example, this study first calculates the value of ecosystem services from 2000 to 2021 using a modified ecosystem service value model. It then identifies the well-being level of residents in the case study area based on the well-being framework. Finally, it explores the well-being effects of different types of ecosystem services and their heterogeneity characteristics through correlation analysis and panel quantile regression models. The results show that: (1) Between 2000 and 2021, the value of ecosystem services in Nanshan National Park exhibited an overall trend of “first declining and then rising”, with a change rate of -0.049%. (2) The well-being level of residents in Nanshan National Park improved significantly, with the well-being index increasing by 49.8% from 2000 to 2021. After 2020, the well-being level was predominantly high, yet low-income dimension of well-being became the key factor inhibiting the improvement of residents’ well-being levels. (3) The value of ecosystem services is positively correlated with residents’ well-being, but the impact on health well-being, educational well-being, and income well-being shows heterogeneity, with relatively strong positive associations with health well-being and income well-being. (4) The well-being effects of ecosystem services exhibit heterogeneity in different hierarchical levels; as the well-being level increases, the positive effects of ecosystem service values gradually strengthen, with forestland becoming the key ecosystem affecting residents’ well-being.
The adaptive development of resilience and efficiency is an inevitable requirement for the quality and efficiency improvement and high-quality development of the tourism economy. Based on the evaluation of the resilience and efficiency development level of tourism economy in China from 2001 to 2020, this paper analyzes the adaptation mechanism, and uses the adaptability comprehensive evaluation model and geographic detector to explore the adaptation degree and influencing factors. The results show that: (1) From 2001 to 2020, the development level of tourism economic resilience and efficiency showed an overall upward trend, and the lag of tourism economic resilience turned to the synchronous development trend of the two, and the gap between the two was narrowing. (2) The adaptation degree was significantly improved during the study period and was similar to those of the tourism economic resilience subsystem, which had the characteristics of resilience-dominated adaptive development, and spatially presented a stepwise decreasing distribution pattern of “east-central-northeast-west”. (3) Group evolution analysis showed that provincial-level regions can be divided into four types: sustainable, developmental, adjusted and promoted, and the adaptation degree was stable at the high and low poles, and the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the middle were in a state of great change, and the four sustainable provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Guangdong were in the forefront, while the upgrading provincial-level regions, such as Qinghai, Ningxia, Xizang and Xinjiang, were ranked in the rear. (4) Regional economic development level, tourism innovation level, tourism resources endowment, tourism industry specialization level, and tourism industry diversification level were the main influencing factors, while the specialization and diversification of the tourism industry were dominant interacting factors affecting the development of the two.
Tourism development has exacerbated the inherent vulnerability of rural territorial systems, which has led to multiple challenges for rural tourism. It is particularly urgent to explore the composition and evolution of rural tourism resilience. By exploring the connotation of rural tourism resilience, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system covering four aspects, namely, sensitivity and vulnerability, resistance and recovery, adjustment and adaptability, transformation and innovation ability, and analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution and its driving patterns of rural tourism resilience at the provincial scale in China from 2006 to 2021 by using quantitative research methods and spatial analysis methods. The results show that: (1) The resilience of rural tourism at the provincial scale shows an overall trend of enhancement, but the differences between provinces remain prominent, and there is an obvious characteristic of “Hu Huanyong Line”; (2) The dynamic change of rural tourism resilience has a certain “path locking” effect, and there is a neighborhood effect on the transfer of rural tourism resilience states. (3) Affected by regional differences in the interaction with economic development level, market size, government policies and other factors, the resilience evolution of rural tourism finally formed three modes: the eastern part is the double-wheel-driven mode of economy-market, the central part is integrated growth mode of market-community, and the western part is the coordinated development mode of policy-market. This study reveals the complex mechanisms and different modes of the evolution of rural tourism resilience, enriches the theoretical system of rural tourism resilience, and provides policy suggestions and scientific references for the high-quality development of rural tourism and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.
Accelerating green and low-carbon transition has become an important anchor point for the high-quality development of China’s tourism industry. Based on Chinese inter-provincial panel data from 2004 to 2019, the super-slack value measurement (Super-SBM) model based on non-expected output, kernel density analysis, spatial autocorrelation model and spatial Markov chain method were applied comprehensively to outline the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of tourism carbon emission efficiency, and spatiotemporal geographically-weighted regression model was further employed to explore the spatiotemporal non-stationarity of the driving factors of tourism carbon emission efficiency. The results show that: (1) During the study period, the carbon emission efficiency of tourism industry at provincial level in China showed a fluctuating upward trend, but remained at an intermediate level in general ; its kernel density distribution pattern has roughly undergone a “bimodal-trimodal-bimodal” evolution process. (2) The spatial correlation characteristics of the carbon emission efficiency of tourism industry at provincial level in China were significant, and the provinces with the L-L spatial correlation type were mainly located in the central and western regions. In the Markov probability shift matrix, the type of carbon emission efficiency from tourism industry was relatively stable, and it is difficult to achieve a leapfrog shift in the short term, and the shift probability regarding the type of carbon emission efficiency from tourism industry in each region had obvious spatial dependence, and there was a phenomenon of “club convergence”. (3) There was significant spatiotemporal non-stationarity in the direction and intensity of the role of different driving factors on carbon emission efficiency of tourism industry, and the promoting role of urbanization and the environmental regulation intensity is gradually increasing. The carbon emission efficiency of the tourism industry in East China was mainly driven by the strength of environmental regulation and technological level of tourism industry, while in North China it was mainly driven by industrial structure, the intensity of environmental regulation, the technological level of tourism industry and other factors.
Promoting the coupling of tourism development and ecological resilience is of great significance for improving the quality and efficiency of the tourism industry in the Yangtze River Delta region and promoting the construction of regional ecological civilization. Taking 41 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Delta as the research object, this paper constructs an evaluation system for tourism development and ecological resilience based on the idea of evolutionary resilience. Markov chain and kernel density estimation were used to characterize the spatio-temporal coupling of the two systems and identify their influencing factors. The findings are as follows: (1) the tourism development index of the Yangtze River Delta region fluctuates from 0.085 in 2005 to 0.571 in 2021; the ecological resilience index continued to rise, from 0.269 in 2005 to 0.827 in 2021, and the regional differences continued to shrink; (2) the type of coupling coordination developed from the anomalous state in the base period (0.134) to the primary coordination in the end period (0.669), with significant spatial agglomeration and “club convergence” phenomenon; (3) traffic accessibility, policy attention and vegetation coverage are the main factors affecting the coupling coordination level; the level of economic development has the strongest influence on the interaction of factors; the interaction between traffic accessibility and opening degree, economic development level and vegetation coverage, economic development level and traffic accessibility have the strongest explanatory power to the coupling coordination level.
The Internet has become an important information channel for people’s traveling and tourist attractions marketing decision-making. Based on the big data of the network attention of 302 national 5A tourist attractions in 31 provincial-level regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), namely “Baidu Index”, the dynamic evolution of the spatial pattern of network attention of 5A tourist attractions nationwide was analyzed by using the geospatial analysis method. The study found that: (1) From 2011 to 2019, the network attention and spatial difference of national 5A tourist attractions showed the changing characteristics of upward fluctuation. The contribution rate of spatial difference in the eight regions increased, while the spatial difference among the eight regions decreased. And the inter-regional difference still dominated the overall spatial difference. (2) The network attention of national 5A tourist attractions presents the characteristic of “agglomeration-diffusion-new agglomeration” in space. The number of agglomeration centers continues to increase, and the agglomeration scope continues to expand, forming two major agglomeration areas in Beijing and the Yangtze River Delta region, and the agglomeration evolves from point to group and belt. The spatial distribution range of high-attention areas has been expanding, with a gradient shift from the eastern to the central and western parts of the country. (3) The evolutionary attribution of the network attention of the national 5A tourist attractions is driven by both industrial agglomeration and tourism demand, and the influence of the tertiary industrial agglomeration has weakened after 2015, and the improvement of tourism demand, market commercial system environment and traffic conditions is more conducive to enhance the tourism attraction and tourism market scale of the central and western regions, thus promoting the transfer of network attention of tourist attractions to this part of the country.
The wide application of virtual reality technology in the tourism industry has given birth to the new form of tourism, i.e. virtual tourism. In this paper, we collected data on the views of 542 virtual tourist attractions, analyzed the scale characteristics of the view volume of virtual tourist attractions by using the Thiel coefficient, kernel density analysis, and we built regression models to analyze the influencing factors of the views of virtual tourist attractions. The research shows that: (1) The scale of virtual tourist attractions in China is still small, and the distribution of provincial spatial scale is basically consistent with the spatial pattern of 5A and 4A scenic spots. (2) The scale of view volume decreases with the decrease of scenic spot level, and the higher the level, the greater the internal difference; the number of virtual tourist attractions in the categories of geographic landscape and water landscape is relatively small, but the average view volume is higher than other types of virtual tourist attractions; the provincial differences in the scale of view volume within the eastern and western regions is much larger than that in the central and northeastern regions; the fluctuation in the size of view volume between holidays and weekdays is small. (3) The view volume of virtual tourist attractions are influenced by a variety of factors such as city economic attributes, social attributes, scenic spot attributes, among which the factors of the proportion of regional tertiary industry, the number of 5A-level scenic spots and the number of cell phone users are the most significant. The research reveals the basic law of the view volume of virtual tourist attractions in China, and provides theoretical support for the development of virtual tourist attractions.
The development and expansion of tourism market entities is of great value in improving people’s livelihood and welfare. Taking Zhangjiajie, a typical tourism city, as an example, the vertical-horizontal structure and stakeholder theory are integrated into the theoretical framework of the growth of tourism market entities to enhance people’s livelihood and welfare, and the evaluation index system of the two is constructed, using the entropy value method, matching degree, mediation effect model and grey correlation degree model, the measurement and path of the growth of tourism market entities to enhance people’s livelihood and welfare from 2002 to 2020 were studied. The results show that， (1) The level of tourism market entities and people’s livelihood and welfare shows a steady growth trend, but there are stage differences. Although the matching degree of the two fluctuations in the 3 stages, they are all at a high level. (2) The growth of tourism market entities can effectively improve people’s livelihood and welfare, among them, tourism revenue plays a partial mediating role. In the test of mediating effects, industrial structure has always been significantly positively correlated with people’s livelihood and welfare, the science and technology and urbanization level has the second highest impacts on improving people’s livelihood and welfare. (3) The various tourism market entities has different effects on people’s livelihood and welfare at different stages. In the early and middle stages, the benefit subjects play a leading role in improving people’s livelihood and welfare; in the later stage, the organization subjects have the best driving effect on people’s livelihood and welfare.
The enhancement of household livelihood resilience is a crucial task for improving the sustainable development capacity of rural tourism destinations. In this paper, cultural adaptability is incorporated into the analytical framework and measurement indicators for household livelihood resilience. Two typical rural tourism destinations in Yunnan Dali are selected as case studies. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regression models are employed to measure the level of household livelihood resilience and analyze its influencing factors. The results show that: (1) There are significant differences in buffering capacity, cultural adaptability, self-organization, and learning abilities among households in rural tourism destinations, affected by factors like cultural self-confidence, policy awareness, and cultural ownership. (2) Savings capacity, policy awareness, and cultural self-confidence are the main factors causing differences in livelihood resilience in the case destinations. (3) Households in rural destinations that focus on tapping and utilizing traditional cultural resources while adopting diverse livelihood plans generally exhibit stronger livelihood resilience. The paper analyzes the significant role of cultural adaptability in improving the theory of livelihood resilience and enhancing household livelihood recovery capabilities. Based on these findings, the paper suggests enhancing household livelihood resilience in rural tourism destinations through cultural recovery, precise tourism governance, and optimization of livelihood plans.
To grasp the content configuration of tourism industry policies quickly and accurately, and fully understand its performance production paths are crucial to promoting and guiding the development of the tourism industry. In this papter, 31 provincial-level tourism industry development plans in China are selected as samples for analysis. Using NVivo 12 Plus software, word frequency analysis was conducted, and keywords were obtained, then the“13th Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development of Zhejiang Province” was taken as an example to summarize the content and compare with those from previous word frequency analysis to determine the common variables. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to extract the two paths of policy performance production: (1) The “adaptation” path of key tasks and resource input set based on the industrial basis, corresponding to provinces with rich tourism resources but underdeveloped tourism industry; (2) The “perfect” path of industrial based, target-guided task deployment, division of labor and of input resources, corresponding to provinces with developed tourism industry. The policy focus and performance production effects of the two paths are different, which can provide reference for the high-quality development of the regional tourism industry, so that it can grasp key goals and tasks, strengthen the support of production performance, optimize policy planning and design according to local conditions, and then deploy actions and allocate resources to improve the cultivation performance of tourism industry.
