Toponymy is an important cultural tourism resource, not only as spatial symbols but also as cultural symbols, carrying collective memory and local identity. In the context of the deep integration of culture and tourism, the construction, dissemination and experience of toponymic symbols are crucial to the full use of toponymic cultural tourism resources. The paper systematically reviews the relevant results of domestic and foreign research on tourism symbols and toponymic tourism, based on the semiotic perspective, takes the semiotic ternary framework of “representamen-object-interpretant” proposed by Peirce as the theoretical basis and combines it with the characteristics of symbols to explore the relationship among the meaning of toponymic, destinations, and toponymic symbols, and construct the toponymic cultural tourism research framework. Through symbolic derivation, the openness, dynamism and diversity of toponymic meanings in tourism activities are further ensured, and the symbolic meanings of toponyms are continuously enriched. The paper summarizes the main research contents of tourism symbols of toponymic culture from the three dimensions of “representamen”, “object” and “interpretant”: construction of toponymic symbols, dissemination of toponymic symbols, and experience of toponymic symbols. Combined with the closed-loop logic of constructing, disseminating, experiencing and reconstructing toponymic symbols, the future research direction and research significance from the level of tourism destination, tourism media and tourists are elaborated, so as to push forward the practice of tourism symbolization of toponymy, and provide a comprehensive theoretical cognitive framework and analytical system for the future research.
Since the 20th century, art-based construction has become one of the important means of global rural development. The article, based on the BERTopic algorithm and literature analysis, deeply excavates the evolution of Chinese and English research themes on art-based rural construction and looks forward to future research trends. The results show that: (1) both Chinese and English research themes revolve around creativity and tourism based on rural culture and art as a means, with Chinese research mainly focusing on themes such as creative tourism, public art, traditional culture, locality, and subjectivity, while English research mainly focuses on themes such as creative industries, rural commodification, social participation, tourism communities, and sustainability. (2) In recent years, both Chinese and English research have emphasized issues such as the construction of subjectivity in art-based rural construction, exploration of paths and models, evaluation of benefits and impacts, analysis of cultural production mechanisms, and maintenance of cultural sustainability, but English research places more emphasis on empirical research and critical thinking. (3) From the research trend, the mechanism of collaborative participation of multiple stakeholders in art-based rural construction and the transformation of endogenous-driven sustainable development paradigms will be future focuses. Future research on art-based rural construction in China needs to aim at telling good stories of Chinese rural culture, using a research paradigm that combines general narratives with micro-case studies to reveal the dynamic process and mechanism of multi-stakeholder positive interaction, and apply multidisciplinary methods to optimize the assessment system, thereby improving the localization of art-based rural construction research system and providing scientific references for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.
The construction of spiritual and cultural landmarks is a crucial part of the development of national cultural parks and the construction of a strong socialist cultural nation. It plays a significant role in refining and excavating the essence of excellent culture and building a spiritual community. This paper employs a literature analytical method to define the concept and connotation of spiritual and cultural landmarks. The study concludes that: (1) spiritual and cultural landmarks are cultural landscapes with significant spiritual and cultural identifiers in space, characterized by five main connotations: spatial orientation, time continuity, innovative content, public recognition, openness and inclusiveness. (2) These landmarks are the result of cultural diffusion and integration and serve as material representations of cultural identity. They have evolved from mere landmarks to cultural landmarks, and eventually to spiritual and cultural landmarks. (3) Spiritual cultural landmarks have the value of forming shared cultural memories, enhancing cultural identity, and constructing a sense of community, which are foundational for the the convergence of multiple identities, enhancement of cultural confidence, and promotion of national unity. Future research should expand the research scope of cultural geography，further reveal the formation and evolution processes of spiritual culture in different regions and the function mechanisms of influencing factors. It should also explore the scientific path of spiritual cultural landmark system construction to deepen the understanding of spiritual and cultural landmarks, and provide references for the construction and management of national cultural parks.
Strengthening tourists’ cultural perception is an important way to strengthen their cultural identity in the process of tourism practice. Based on the perspective of cultural IP decoding, using text mining and grounded theory, the paper identified the multiple dimensions of cultural perception of tourists in the Yangtze River National Cultural Park, constructed a theoretical model of cultural perception affecting cultural identity, and explored the mechanism of cultural perception affecting cultural identity. The results show that: (1) tourists’ cultural perception has multiple representations such as cultural symbol perception, cultural scenes perception, historical relics perception, and service facility perception, which are logically corresponding to the decoding of cultural connotations, cultural values, cultural spirits, and cultural spaces in the process of cultural IP decoding hierarchy, respectively. (2) Tourists’ cultural perception and cultural identity are highly correlated. The explanatory variables for tourist cultural perception can be subdivided into six dimensions: ethnic and folk culture, landscape architecture, cultural atmosphere, scene interaction, historical events, and historical ruins, and the indicators of each dimension have a significant impact on tourist cultural identity. (3) Tourists’ cultural perception is generated through four procedural stages: motivation index, sensory experience, situational integration, and perceptual sublimation. Cultural identity is specifically manifested as value recognition and identity recognition, which is the result of interaction between tourists and culture. The research has supplemented the analytical perspective of cultural perception, deepened the theoretical understanding of the cultural perception identity mechanism, and provided reference for promoting the deep integration of culture and tourism development and strengthening the sense of community of the Chinese nation.
Family tourism can enhance individual well-being and family cohesion; however, the mechanisms by which intergenerational family interactions contribute to the subjective well-being of participants during travel have not been extensively explored. Drawing on family systems theory, conservation of resources theory, and cultural adaptation theory, this paper introduces family functioning as a mediating variable and cultural intelligence as a moderating variable. It constructs a correlational test model to examine the formation of subjective well-being through intergenerational interactions during family tourism. The results show that: (1) intergenerational interactions are closely linked to the subjective well-being of tourists and positively promote the subjective well-being of tourists. (2) Communication and interaction among family members is a key factor in the health of family functioning, and family functioning plays a key mediating role in intergenerational interaction and tourists' subjective well-being. (3) The cultural intelligence level of travelers can effectively enhance the positive associations of intergenerational interactions on subjective well-being. These findings provide new perspectives on the willingness and motivation of Chinese-style families to travel, expand the application of cultural intelligence in the field of tourism from the level of cultural adaptation, and provide new ideas for the high-quality development of the intergenerational tourism market.
Historical districts are important spaces for urban memory, culture, and consumption. Enhancing tourists’scene perception is a crucial issue for the deep integration of cultural and tourism development in historical districts. This study is based on the scene theory and uses three historical districts in Macau, China, as examples. We utilize online review text data and Points of Interest (POI) data from Baidu Maps. Through word frequency analysis, semantic network analysis, axial coding, kernel density estimation, amenity scoring, and scene measurement calculations, we explore the impact of cultural scene amenities on tourist perception. The study finds that: (1) tourists’scene perception in historic districts mainly includes eight elements, including historical sites, architectural style, local characteristics, art exhibitions, activities, spatial atmosphere, leisure consumption, and culinary experiences. These elements can be categorized into three main types of cultural scene amenities: heritage buildings, cultural displays, and consumption experiences. (2) Heritage buildings form the foundation of tourists’scene perception, while consumption experiences and cultural displays have a more significant impact on tourists’perception. (3) Tourists’subjective perception is positively influenced by the density of amenities in the objective scene, but it is also affected by the complex relationship between amenity types and spatial distribution. While high-density amenities typically enhance perception, low-density distribution does not necessarily lead to reduced attention. (4) The three types of amenities are closely related to the dimensions of “authenticity” “theatricality” and “legitimacy” with a one-to-one manner. Deficiencies in the expression of the dimensions can diminish the subjective perception of tourists and the overall appeal of the cultural scene. The study enriches the application of the scene theory with case examples and provides valuable insights for the sustainable protection and development of historical districts.
“Special Forces-style Tourism”, as an emerging form of tourism, is favored by specific groups for its extreme challenges, high-intensity experiences, and ultimate tests of physical and mental abilities. Based on embodied cognition theory, the study conducts a grounded theory analysis by collecting online textual data to explore the mental dilemmas and the formation pathways of escape compensation behaviors in “Special Forces-style Tourism”. The results show that: (1) the formation of tourist “Special Forces-style Tourism” behavior is spatially manifested as a process from living space to tourism space to emotional space, in which tourists develop a sense of disequilibrium from their living space, which then trigger their embodied experiential behavior in the tourism space, and ultimately fulfill their emotional needs; (2) The source market group tends to choose “Special Forces-style Tourism” mostly due to the disturbances of mental dilemmas in real life, with the roots of these mental dilemmas being an imbalanced perception jointly caused by regret compensation, approval seeking, relationship deepening, and the feeling between emptiness and fulfillment; (3) In the tourism space, tourists cope with the imbalanced perception in their living space through escape compensation behaviors such as self-exploration, physical embedding, and benign self-mutilation; (4) The perception of pain makes a positive contribution to the “Special Forces-style Tourism” experience, where tourists can obtain pleasure, a sense of achievement, and a sense of fulfillment by safely trying stimulating physical pain, and the essence of this choice tendency is benign self-mutilation. The exploration of the behavioral pathway of “Special Forces-style Tourism” not only enriches the applicability of embodied cognition theory in different tourism situations but also provides customized services and experience design ideas for the tourism industry.
In recent years, with the help of short video platforms and social media, internet celebrity places have become a media landscape and triggered popularity, and how to promote the sustainable development of those places has become a hot topic of concern. Based on the theory of tourism motivation, this paper constructs a moderated dual-mediation model to explore the intrinsic mechanism and boundary conditions of the influence of the type of internet celebrity places on consumers’ willingness to continue checking in by conducting a moderated two-media model, and empirical tests through a second-hand data experiment and two behavioral experiments using college students. The results show that: (1) from the perspective of meaning analysis, the internet celebrity places can be divided into practical internet celebrity places and hedonic internet celebrity places, both of which will have an impact on consumers’ willingness to continue checking in, and the continuous check-in willingness brought by practical internet celebrity places is higher than that of hedonic internet celebrity places. (2) The internet celebrity places will affect the perceived authenticity and self-promotion of consumers, and the practical internet celebrity places is more likely to cause consumers’ perceived authenticity, and the hedonic internet celebrity places is more likely to cause consumers’ self-promotion, so as to construct a dual mediating influence path of perceived authenticity and self-promotion. (3) Promotional regulatory plays a moderating role in this influence pathway. Through the research of this paper, the research on destination tourism and internet celebrity economy is further enriched, and it also has a reference for the development decisions of internet celebrity places.
The way in which information is presented in destination tourism advertisements significantly influences tourists’ travel decisions. But how does the interaction between goal framing and information content in tourism advertisements affect tourists’ travel intentions? Based on the framing effect theory, this paper explores the interactive influence, underlying mechanisms, and boundary conditions of destination tourism advertisements’ goal framing (gain framing vs. loss framing) and information content (subjective information vs. objective information) on tourists’ travel intentions through three experiments. The findings reveal that: (1) goal framing and information content have an interactive effect on tourists' travel intentions, where the match between gain framing and objective information, and the match between loss framing and subjective information enhance tourists’ travel intentions. (2) Perceived image plays a partial mediating role in the influence of tourism advertising goal framing and information content on tourists’ travel intentions. (3) Tourists’ conscientiousness significantly moderates the interactive effect of goal framing and information content. Specifically, under the matching condition of gain framing and objective information, tourists with high conscientiousness show stronger travel intentions, while under the matching condition of loss framing and subjective information, there is no significant difference in travel intentions across different levels of conscientiousness. The study not only extends the theoretical research on framing effects in the field of tourism marketing, but also provides practical implications for destination marketers on how to construct goal framing and information content of tourism advertisements to attract more tourists.
Urban scenic spots are important driving factors for promoting the adjustment of urban elements and spatial evolution. Based on the field theory and spatial production theory, this paper constructs a spatial evolution analysis framework for the development of tourism field driven by urban scenic spots. Taking Harbin Ice-Snow World as an example, this paper analyzes the spatial evolution process and mechanism of constructing tourism field centered on urban scenic spots. The study found that: (1) in the process of construction and development of urban scenic spots, policy support and the participation of actors have made scenic spots and their surrounding areas increasing in the number of tourism elements improving the element system. (2) The development of tourism field is a spatial evolution process driven by growth poles, that is, after the development of scenic spots, they gradually become regional growth poles and expand to the surrounding space. The production space and consumption space penetrate into each other during the expansion process, thus forming a tourism field. (3) Power domination, capital intervention, and habitus guidance work together in the process of urban scenic spots driving the development of tourism field. The interest coordination and behavioral coordination among actors promote the adjustment and allocation of elements in the region, and finally form a tourism field with a stable spatial production structure. This paper expands the application scenarios of field theory, and the research conclusions can provide useful references for the high-quality development of urban tourism and the optimization of urban spatial layout.
The human settlements environment of coastal cities is an important foundation for the development of coastal tourism, yet vulnerable to disasters. Based on the panel data of 17 coastal cities in the Bohai Rim from 2010 to 2021, this paper comprehensively uses the entropy weight-TOPSIS model and the coupling coordination degree model to explore the tempo-spatial evolution features of the coupling coordination between tourism economy and human settlements resilience, and uses the obstacle degree model to identify the obstacle factors preventing the coordinated development of the two systems. The results show that: (1) during the study period, the development level of tourism economy and human settlements resilience shows a slow fluctuating upward trend, but the latter was better than the former; the spatial differentiation characteristics of the two systems are similar, showing a “multi-pole” pattern with three typical tourist cities of Tianjin, Dalian and Qingdao as high-value areas, and the low-value areas are concentrated in the northwest and southwest regions of the Bohai Rim. (2) The level of coupled coordination of tourism economy and human settlements resilience of coastal cities in the Bohai Rim has gradually evolved from the stage of near-disorder at the beginning of the research period to the stage of bare coordination at the end of the research period, and dominant type of the coupling coordination is economy lagging behind human settlements resilience type; the coordination level of typical tourist cities represented by Tianjin, Dalian and Qingdao is higher than that of non-traditional tourist cities such as Cangzhou, Binzhou, Jinzhou and Huludao. (3) The lagging development of tourism economy has always been the bottleneck of the improvement of the coordination level of the two systems. Multiple factors such as the downturn of the inbound tourism market, the insufficient reception of domestic tourists and the imperfect tourism service facilities restrict the coordinated development of the two systems.
In the post-Winter Olympics era, the competition in the ski resort market is becoming increasingly intensive, thus ski resorts are urgently requested to improve and upgrade themselves to meet new market demands and achieve sustainable development. However, previous literature has not identified the asymmetrical relationships between attributes and tourist satisfaction. In this study, using the Changbai Mountain Wanda International Resort as a case study area, we employed Impact-Range Performance Analysis (IRPA) and Impact Asymmetry Analysis (IAA) to evaluate the asymmetrical influences of resort attributes on tourist satisfaction from the perspective of tourist’ perception (N=344). The results indicate that: (1) ski slopes at case site have significant impact on tourist satisfaction but underperformed as an attribute in need of improvement. (2) Accommodation, climate and natural environment, safety management, and cultural environment are highly rated by tourists, and are proved to have a significant and positive impact on tourist satisfaction. (3) Among all the attributes, cable cars are delighters, strongly associated with high tourist satisfaction; instructors, dining, and routine management, as hybrids, and have a linear relationship with satisfaction. Accommodation, cultural environment, staff, accessibility, entertainment, and smart services and management are dissatisfier and frustrators, as they are more likely to cause tourist dissatisfaction. The findings of this study not only deepen the understanding of the differential impact of different attributes of ski resorts on tourist’ experience from the perspective of tourist’ perception, but also provide theoretical references for the optimization of services and management of similar ski resorts in Changbai Mountains and Northeast China.
Network attention is a key indicator measuring public interest in tourism destinations. Based on the network attention to tourism data of “Baidu index”, this research analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics of network attention to tourism in eight China-Russia border cities in Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2023 by using the seasonal intensity index and geographic concentration index, followed by the influencing factors exploration by means of geographic detectors from 2019 to 2022. The findings indicate that: (1) the network attention to tourism of research areas in 2015-2023 manifests obvious seasonality and periodicity with peaks in summer and troughs in winter. Overall, the trend followed a “decline-rise-decline-recovery” trajectory. (2) Typical tourism cities (such as Heihe, Mudanjiang, Jiamusi, etc.) have relatively stable spatial distribution characteristics of network attention to tourism, with extensive, stable and sustainable tourism markets. The attention space of atypical tourist cities (such as Jixi, Shuangyashan, Hegang, etc.) fluctuates significantly. As a typical tourist city, the attention of Mohe also shows significant spatial fluctuations, indicating that the tourist city is in a dynamic development stage under the influence of multi-dimensional factors. (3) The spatial patterns of network attention to tourism in these border cities were influenced by economic, ecological, and social factors. Among these, GDP level, average low temperature and population density had a significant impact. The interaction of these multiple factors influences the change of the spatial pattern of network attention to tourism in the border cities.
Under the superimposed influence of the post-Winter Olympics era and post-pandemic consumption, ice and snow sports have entered a stage of rapid development. This paper constructs an evaluation index system for the high-quality development level of the ice and snow tourism industry in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2022 by using the entropy value method, and utilizes the grey relational model to explore its driving factors. The research findings are as follows: (1) the overall level of high-quality development of ice and snow tourism industry in Jilin presents a fast rising trend, but there are certain differences in the internal dimensions of high-quality development, the level of more stable in the dimensions of innovation and green development, the level in the four dimensions of the stability, coordination, openness, and shared development dimensions are more sensitive to the social economy. (2) Among the contribution rates of various dimensions, innovation development has the highest contribution rate, followed by green development and stable development. Coordination development has the lowest contribution rate. (3) There are differences in the influence of each factor on the level of high-quality development of the ice and snow tourism industry in Jilin and its dimensions, and the three major driving forces of industrial demand, industrial supply, and industrial environment positively promote the high-quality development of ice and snow tourism industry. Accordingly, the paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions, in terms of vigorously stimulating industrial demand, continuously optimizing industrial supply, and create a favorable industrial environment to achieve the high-quality development of the ice and snow tourism industry in the province.
