The cultural genes carried by traditional festivals serve as vital link connecting the past and the future, maintaining the continuity of social culture. They play a significant role in preserving regional cultural identity and perpetuating local cultural heritage. Taking the Jingxi Banner Festival as a case study, this research employs interdisciplinary methodologies, including material morphology, semiotics, and psychology, to establish a “explicit-implicit” dual-dimensional gene identification method. Through this approach, the cultural genes are identified and extracted, leading to the construction of a cultural gene system for traditional festivals. The study reveals: (1) the cultural gene system of traditional festivals forms a multi-dimensional, nested cultural ecosystem through the dynamic mutual construction of explicit and implicit genes, thereby maintaining resilience in balancing the preservation of tradition with adaption to modernity. (2) Within explicit genes, the triad of “material elements-ritual behaviors-spatiotemporal contexts” constitutes an expressive chain of “storage-decoding-reproduction”. For implicit genes, the quartet of “cultural symbolism-emotional structure-social function-value orientation” forms an expressive chain of “transmission-evocation-reinforcement-integration”. (3) The “explicit-implicit” dual-dimensional identification method effectively addresses the challenge of representing implicit cultural genes, offering a practical tool for extracting and constructing the cultural gene system of traditional festivals.

Driven by the transition to an experience economy and the reconstruction of personal existential values, the theoretical construction of transformative tourism experience (TTE) has emerged as a frontier in tourism research. Based on the pertinent English literature from the Web of Science core collection, this study integrates CiteSpace bibliometric analysis and the PRISMA framework, guided by the “Stimulus-Organism-Response” framework and transformative learning theory to systematically deconstruct the generative mechanism of TTE. The research finds that: (1) the antecedents of TTE exhibit five-dimensional interactions encompassing individual attributes, embodied engagement, emotional activation, destination characteristics, and tourism contexts; (2) The process of TTE follows a cyclic feedback mechanism from “disorienting dilemmas-triggers-self-reflection-transformation” to the re-stimulation of transformative tourism, aligning with the transformative learning theory; (3) TTE mainly include four layers of effects: physical, psychological, spiritual and social gains, the key points of its post-effects are prominently reflected in the improvement of individual skills and cognition, self-actualization, and the promotion of social progress, etc. The research framework of “antecedent-process-post-effect” proposed in the study provides theoretical inspiration for the construction of a transformative tourism experience research system in the Chinese scenario and enriches the research paradigm of tourism experience.

The rise of health and wellness tourism has profoundly influenced the placeness of destinations. Under the behavioral impacts of health and wellness tourists, the natural environment, cultural traits, and social life of a place inevitably become embedded in the field of health and wellness tourism, undergoing rapid transformation. By systematically reviewing domestic and international literature on health and wellness tourism, tourist behavior, and placeness from 2000 to 2023, this study identifies theoretical bottlenecks in existing research, including fragmented conceptual definitions, a lack of behavioral logic from the demand side, and ambiguous mechanisms of dynamic evolution. Innovatively, a novel dynamic model for three-stages of "cognition-integration-negotiation" is constructed in this paper in the expectation of revealing the progressive impact pathways of health and wellness tourists' behaviors on placeness. Key findings include: (1) cognitive behaviors in health and wellness tourism reshape local characteristics through selective resource screening mechanism; (2) Healing-oriented integration behaviors trigger bidirectional evolution of placeness and placelessness via high-frequency participation; (3) Health governance negotiation behaviors drive stakeholder gameplay, resulting in either synergistic development or risks of homogenization in placeness. The research is expected to provide a theoretical framework for constructing and sustaining placeness in health and wellness tourism destinations, as well as responding the practical need to harmonize human-environment interactions under “Healthy China” strategy.

Cultural ecology connects human society with the natural environment, and is the hidden line of civilization evolution and social development. As vital spaces that carry urban memory and showcase urban characteristics and spiritual temperament, the cultural ecological value of historical blocks is not only reflected in the protection of their natural form, but also in the continuation of their historical context, the maintenance of social relationships, and the innovative development of the cultural and tourism industry. Taking Dongguan Street, Pishi Street and Caiyi Street in Yangzhou City as case studies, we explored the cultural ecological value of urban historical blocks and the influencing factors from the perspective of tourists’ perception by employing methods such as questionnaire surveys, factor analysis and Potential Conflict Index (PCI) and ANOVA. The findings reveal that: (1) tourists’ perception of the cultural ecological value of urban historical blocks primarily comprises three dimensions: experiential value, social value and educational value. (2) Tourists have the highest evaluation of the cultural ecological value (including experiential value and educational value) of Dongguan Street, the lowest evaluation of the cultural ecological value of Caiyi Street and generally believe that Pishi Street has the highest social value. (3) Individual factors such as gender, occupation, and education level of tourists, as well as situational factors such as the companionship of family and friends, the quality of tourism services and policy support, have a significant impact on their perception of cultural ecological value. (4) The perception of the cultural ecological value presents a dynamic process from passive acceptance to active recognition, and then to cognitive sublimation. In the future, the cultural ecological value of urban historical blocks can be enhanced from three aspects of collaborative governance of multiple stakeholders, human-oriented landscape shaping, and differentiated cultural and tourism development, in order to promote its cultural ecological prosperity and tourism high-quality development.

Limited by the characteristics of personalization and colloquialism, how to use bullet screens for festival and special event image perception is still a blank in current research. Addressing the unique characteristics of bullet screen content and its emotional analysis, this study employs the “cognition-emotion-overall” model and “core-periphery” structural model to design a multi-dimensional emotional dictionary for bullet screens and an emotional analysis algorithm tailored to bullet screens. This innovative approach establishes an online perception analysis method for event image, resolving the challenge of emotional analysis in short bullet screen texts. Taking the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games as an empirical case, the research empirically analyzes the evolution of its perceived image. The research found that: (1)the cognitive image of the Beijing Winter Olympics has the characteristics of dynamic changes from macro to specific and then to individual; (2) The emotional image demonstrates characteristics of positive dominance and resilience; (3) The overall image manifests characteristics of networked diffusion and hierarchical transmission; (4) The online communication of the Winter Olympics image can be divided into four stages: “cognitive formation, emotional resonance, image transmission, and image consolidation & legacy transformation”. This research is the first to introduce bullet screens into the perception of festival and special event image, and has built a method for festival and special event image perception by integrating text mining and network analysis techniques. At the same time, the empirical research not only validates the effectiveness of this method, but also enriches the theory of festival tourism from multiple aspects, including the expansion of staged communication models, the deepening of emotional driving mechanisms, and the innovation of networked communication paths. Moreover, it provides practical guidance for festival and special event image management and application of new media data.

Hosting sports events is an important opportunity for local governments to establish a cultural image and engage in culture outreach. Understanding the cultural narrative mechanism of local sports events is helpful for local governments to “telling compelling cultural stories”. Taking the first mountaineering conference in Hunan Province as an example, this paper discusses the cultural narrative mechanism of local sports events from the perspective of “storytelling and dramatization” of the dramaturgical theory, based on participatory observation, in-depth interview, thematic analysis of live video and news texts methods. The findings are as follows: (1) A local sports event can be regarded as a “cultural drama”, structured around five narratives types: actor narrative, stage narrative, script narrative, act narrative and audience narrative. (2) Actors carry out “performative” cultural narration through their roles, behaviors, emotions and wills; the stage promotes “symbolic” cultural narrative with the help of space and scenery design; the script relies on the theme and story to complete the “story-based” cultural narrative; the act uses media and perspectives to achieve a “refined” cultural narrative; the audience realizes “interactive” cultural narrative through on-site and digital interactions. (3) Finally, the script serves as narrative logic, the actors and audience as narrative subjects, the stage as narrative carrier, and the drama as narrative media, all of which together construct the cultural narrative mechanism model of local sports events in a layer-by-layer correlation and complementary relationship. The research innovatively puts forward the theoretical framework of “cultural drama of sports events”, which can provide theoretical reference for “telling compelling local cultural stories”, “constructing narrative system of sports events” and the integrated development of culture, sports and tourism.

Scientific analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamic coupling mechanism between cultural heritage conservation-utilization and tourism development is a key driver for collaborative transformation of cultural resources in ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Taking the nine provinces (autonomous regions) along the Yellow River as the research area, this study constructs a dynamic coupling model between cultural heritage conservation-utilization and tourism development. A three-stage analytical framework encompassing entropy weight method, coupling coordination degree and obstacle diagnosis was applied to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of the two systems from 2013 to 2022. The findings reveal: (1) the comprehensive development levels of the two systems exhibit asynchronous periodic fluctuations temporally, while spatially demonstrating gradient-decreasing and pyramid-shaped hierarchical structures respectively; (2) The overall coupling coordination degree of the two systems remains suboptimal (near-maladjustment stage), transitioning through three-phase evolutionary paths temporally, and the spatial pattern evolution exhibits a “local increase, overall decrease” characteristic, with the center of gravity continuously shifting toward the northwest; (3) At the system level, Cultural heritage is the primary obstacle factor; with bidirectional constraints identified between heritage conservation practices and tourism market scale at the indicator level.

Xu Xiake (1587-1641), the “Sage of Chinese Tourism”, represents a distinctive cultural symbol. The Travels of Xu Xiake not only records rich natural landscapes and social life, but provides a valuable ideological foundation for modern ecotourism. Based on the text of Travels of Xu Xiake, we analyze his travel philosophy, nature observation methods and environmental protection practices from the perspective of Social-Ecological Systems (SES) theory, and explore the value of his view of ecological cognition on modern ecotourism. The study concludes that: (1) travels of Xu Xiake demonstrates the germ of scientific cognition through quantitative investigation and systematic thinking, and reflects traditional Chinese ecological wisdom through local ecological records, condensing the empirical spirit of “action and observation”. (2) During his travels, Xu Xiake formed a three-layer ecological cognitive framework of “observation, cognition and regulation”. The observation layer adopts a distributed recording method combining quantitative measurement and qualitative description to establish an original ecological database; the cognition layer deconstructs and transforms the recorded data to reveal the dynamic laws of the formation process; and the regulation layer transforms the ethical thinking in the process of cognitive transformation into institutional practice. This complete framework contains traditional ecological wisdom and provides a theoretical model for the transformation of ecotourism from superficial sightseeing to sustainable governance. (3) Based on Xu Xiake’s concept of ecological cognition, the future development of ecotourism can be enhanced in three dimensions through digital technology: replacing passive sightseeing with scientific engagement, transcending superficial reception through in-depth cognition, and breaking through external constraints with endogenous behavior drive, ultimately realizing the goal of “travel as a vehicle for harmony between humans and nature”.

Continuous optimization of functional design and service environment in convention centers has made them critical factors influencing attendees’ experiences. Based on the servicescape theory, this study proposes a concept of “conventionscape” and constructs four key dimensions: facility services, spatial attribute services, added-value services, and staff services. Drawing on experiential marketing theory, the study categorizes experiential value into personal and shared experiential value. Using the Sanxingdui Special Exhibition at the Hengqin Culture and Art Center as a case study, a total of 231 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis. The results reveal that: (1) all four dimensions of the exhibition servicescape positively affect attendees’ personal experiential value; (2) Facility services and added-value services significantly influence shared experiential value, whereas spatial attribute services and staff services show no significant impact; (3) Both types of experiential value significantly enhance attendees’ satisfaction, thereby fostering loyalty. This study validates the influence mechanism of servicescape in exhibition centers, extends the application of servicescape theory, and demonstrates the complementary values of integrating SEM and ANN, providing practical implications for improving convention centers’ competitiveness and service design.

As the world’s largest outbound tourist-generating country, China’s outbound tourism exerts considerable influence in areas such as cultural dissemination, economic cooperation, and international diplomacy due to its massive scale and wide spatial reach. Drawing on panel data of Chinese outbound tourist arrivals to 123 destination countries from 2000 to 2019, this study employs Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and Markov chain models to examine the spatial-temporal distribution and evolutionary patterns of outbound tourism flows from a directional flow perspective. The key findings are as follows: (1) from a spatial-temporal perspective, the overall spatial distribution of China’s outbound tourism flow exhibits a significant positive spatial autocorrelation, with fluctuating patterns of agglomeration over time. At the local level, the distribution is predominantly characterized by high-high and high-low clusters. (2) Regarding evolutionary stability, the outbound tourism flows display a long-term “club convergence” pattern characterized by persistent polarization into high and low-level destination groups, suggesting that leapfrog growth in tourist reception is difficult to achieve in the short term. (3) From the perspective of evolutionary dependence, the development trajectories of outbound tourism destinations are significantly influenced by neighboring environments, specifically manifested through a mechanism of low-level constraints and high-level radiation effects. However, in environments with adjacent high and low levels, radiation-driven effects may transition into weakening barriers. (4) In terms of long-term trends, the destination system of Chinese outbound tourism is gradually stabilizing into a dual-core structure dominated by high- and low-level clusters, with a declining proportion of mid-level destinations. A localized bi-modal distribution pattern is also evident, whereby high-level countries tend to cluster in high-ranking neighborhood environments, while low-level countries concentrate in areas surrounded by similarly underdeveloped destinations. This article, through an in-depth analysis of the spatial mechanisms of outbound tourism flows, holds theoretical and practical significance for systematically understanding destination spatial structures and, and provide a valuable basis for aligning outbound tourism development with broader national strategies.

Homestays are an important means to promote the realization of the value of ecological products and rural revitalization, but their pricing mechanism is complex. This study focuses on a typical ecological functional area, i.e. the Beijing’s ecological conservation area. Based on data from the Tujia homestay website, geographical spatial analysis and multiple linear regression methods are employed to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of homestay prices. The results show: (1) the spatial distribution of homestays within the area exhibits obvious local agglomeration features, with high-priced homestays overlapping significantly with high-rated tourist areas, mountainous and hilly terrains, and forests; (2) Housing characteristics and architectural features are the main influencing factors on the price formation of homestays in the ecological conservation area, and the impact of transportation accessibility on homestay pricing is relatively weak; (3) Local ecological environmental factors also affect homestay pricing, with elevation and mountain view resources having a significant positive impact on homestay prices, while the normalized difference vegetation index shows a clear negative correlation with homestay prices. The study reveals the spatial heterogeneity patterns of homestay prices in the ecological conservation area, identifies the potential impact of high-density vegetation ecosystems on homestay prices, and enriches the typical regional case studies of the spatial pattern of tourism homestay prices. The findings can provide theoretical references for regional tourism planning, policy formulation for homestay development, and homestay management and operations.

In an era marked by accelerated globalization, informatization, and digital economy development, digital nomads as a group that practices a new mode of production and lifestyle characterized by remote work and high mobility, have rapidly emerged, profoundly impacting global labor market, tourism industry, and policy systems. Drawing on literature from the database of Web of Science, this study systematically reviews the trajectory of international research on digital nomads from 2003 to 2024. It identifies three major developmental stages: the “Technological foundation period” (2003-2013), the “Lifestyle and identity formation period” (2014-2019), and the “Institutional response and critical deepening period” (2020-2024). Current scholarship has expanded beyond remote work to encompass community formation, spatial practices, and institutional adaptation, reflecting growing interdisciplinary complexity. The study highlights key implications for contextualization within China: (1) from the conceptualization aspect, a tripartite typology of high-mobility, regional-mobility, and long-term-residence digital nomads was constructed to better capture the low mobility and deep local embeddedness observed in China. (2) From the community research aspect, revealing the “rurality turn” in Chinese digital-nomad clusters and highlighting the emerging pathway of “digital nomads + rural revitalization,” with particular attention to how online-offline coordination and local social networks shape settlement stability and community governance. (3) From the policy-making aspect, a national-level, integrated institutional design was advocated that aligns identity recognition, social-security portability, and tax coordination to address systemic barriers faced by digital nomads. Thus, this study constructs an integrated conceptual framework for digital-nomad research and helps to fill key gaps in theoretical paradigms, comparative evidence, and policy tools within the Chinese scholarly landscape.

The coastal areas are pioneers in the development of China’s exhibition industry, and continue to promote the efficient, green and sustainable development of the urban economy through the exhibition industry. This paper uses entropy method and super-efficiency SBM model to measure the development level of exhibition industry and green economic efficiency in China’s coastal areas from 2013 to 2022, and uses spatial econometric model and mediating effect model to empirically test the spatial spillover effect and mechanism of exhibition industry development effect on urban green economic efficiency. The study found that: (1) the development of urban exhibition industry in China’s coastal areas significantly promotes the growth of local green economic efficiency, but has a negative spatial spillover effect on the development of green economy in adjacent cities. (2) The exhibition industry mainly promotes the efficiency of urban green economy through two pathways: industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation, with the mediating effect of technological innovation is stronger than that of industrial structure upgrading. (3) Affected by the development stage of the exhibition industry, urban development strategy and other factors, there are significant differences in the impact of the development of the exhibition industry on the efficiency of green economy in different urban agglomerations. Based on this, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as establishing a cross-regional coordination mechanism of exhibition, giving full play to the two-wheel driving role of industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation, and promoting the ecological development of exhibition industry by digitalization.

It is believed that improving tourists' mental and physical health through the self-repairing effects of ecological subconsciousness is an important function of wetland tourism. This paper with the technical support of heart rate variability, selects Fuxian Wetland National Park as the study area to construct the model of emotional regulation process in wetland tourism and wetland ecotourism healing perception model (WEHPM). The study explores the mechanisms of autonomic nervous system dynamic regulation patterns and psychological adaptability in emotional regulation and health recovery benefits, while systematically revealing and validating the multi-level progressive pathways and intrinsic laws of tourists' health recovery effects in wetland contexts. The study found: (1) wetland tourism demonstrates significant emotional regulation and health restoration functions. (2) The wetland environment, as an external ecological stimulus, effectively activates tourists’ intrinsic sensory responses, promoting the reconstruction of their autonomic nervous system’s dynamic balance, Thereby, gradually restoring individuals’ stress patterns from a stressed, imbalanced state to an orderly homeostasis. (3) The health benefits of wetland tourism include reducing tourists’ stress levels, alleviating negative emotions such as anxiety, and enhancing the dynamic vitality of their physiological functions. The paper introduces the ecological perception and restoration theory which provides methodological support for the planning and performance evaluation of wetland parks. It also expands the research context for studying tourists’ health recovery benefits and enriches case studies in wellness tourism research.

Tourist satisfaction is a crucial prerequisite for the sustainable development of tourism destinations. Exploring the relationship between cultural distance and tourist satisfaction at over-tourism destinations can provide valuable insights for sustainable management. Drawing on cultural distance theory and place attachment theory, this study takes Dunhuang as a case and collected 287 valid tourist questionnaires. Using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis, the study examines the mechanisms linking tourists’ perceived cultural distance, place attachment, travel expectations, and satisfaction at over-tourism destinations. The findings indicate that: (1) tourists’ perceived cultural distance positively influences both place attachment and satisfaction significantly. (2) Place attachment mediates the relationship between perceived cultural distance and tourist satisfaction. (3) Travel expectations positively moderate the relationship between perceived cultural distance and place attachment. The study contributes theoretically by clarifying the pathways through which cultural distance affects satisfaction at over-tourism destinations and offers practical recommendations for enhancing place attachment, meeting tourist expectations, and managing visitor flows, thereby offering policy recommendations for sustainable tourism development in China’s over-tourism destinations.

In the digital era, the co-evolution of multiple systems has become critical for regional. Based on the complex system theory and synergy theory this paper takes 14 cities in Guangxi as a case study, and comprehensively applies kernel density estimation, the improved coupling coordination degree model, and the Panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model to depict the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the digital economy, the cultural and tourism industry, and ecological civilization, as well as to reveal the coupling coordination and dynamic interaction mechanism among them. The results show that: (1) the three systems exhibit an overall upward development trend, yet with significant internal disparities, presenting a spatial pattern of “higher development level in the north and south regions and lower level in the east and west regions”. (2) The coupling coordination level has transitioned from severe imbalance towards weak coordination, but remains at a low level overall. Most cities are still in a state of imbalance, revealing disequilibrium in regional synergy. This characteristic is primarily influenced by the interplay of multiple factors, including population quality and economic development. (3) The system interaction demonstrates a complex mechanism coexisting with both synergy and trade-offs. A virtuous cycle of continuous mutual benefit has been formed between the cultural and tourism industry and ecological civilization. While driving the development of cultural and tourism sector, the digital economy shows a certain inhibitory effect on the ecological conservation in the short term. This reflects current structural challenges in the digital transformation process, such as insufficient internalization of ecological costs and the absence of well-established long-term synergy mechanisms. Following the analytical logic of “characteristics - causes - mechanisms”, this study uncovers the structural and institutional causes underlying the synergistic evolution of multiple systems, which provides a theoretical reference for understanding the coordinated evolution of diverse complex systems and offers empirical evidence for regional sustainable development and policy collaborative governance.

Social media, through its communication effect, contributes to overtourism in cultural heritage sites. Using Xiaoxitian Scenic Area, also known as Little Western Paradise, as a case study, and by doing coding analysis of online texts on the basis of grounded theory and by constructing a three-dimensional analysis framework of media-tourists-cultural heritage sites, this study explores the characteristics and formation mechanism of overtourism in cultural heritage sites driven by social media. Key findings include: (1) social media constitutes a key driving factor for overtourism by transforming the symbolic production and marketing paths of cultural heritage sites through algorithm-based recommendation mechanism and user-generated contents (UGCs) and by spurring the emergence of media pilgrimage through its fission style dissemination. (2) Overtourism in cultural heritage sites is characterized by four distinctive traits: sharp seasonal fluctuations, significant spatial clustering, excessive symbolic consumption, and pronounced contradictions between conservation and utilization. (3) The phenomenon of overtourism in cultural heritage sites emerges from the complex interplay of four key factors under mediatized context: media dissemination, tourist behaviors, resource endowments, and site management. Based on the findings, the study proposed measures and suggestions for addressing overtourism in cultural heritage sites from the perspectives of governments, scenic areas, tourists and local communities. The results of the study can provide theoretical and practical references for promoting sustainable development of tourism in cultural heritage sites.

The spiritual and emotional experiences in tourism activities are becoming increasingly important. These two aspects are not mutually exclusive but rather interactively connected and dynamically coupled. By exploring concepts of spirits, spirituality, spiritual experiences, emotions, emotional experiences, and tourist emotions, this study constructs a relational approach to the connection between spiritual experiences and emotional experiences. Research findings include: (1) the relationship between spiritual and emotional experiences progresses in depth, i.e. from “sensory perception” to “emotional comprehension” and then to “spiritual insight” and finally culminating in “life transformation”. (2) Spiritual and emotional experiences are interconnected, sharing commonalities while exhibiting distinct characteristics. Emotional fulfillment caters to tourists’ preferences, whereas spiritual guidance embodies values, representing the sublimation of emotional experiences. Both emotional fulfillment and spiritual guidance converge toward the core objective of life enrichment. (3) The interactive mechanism between spiritual and emotional experiences is a dynamic process of “environmental perception—emotional resonance—spiritual elevation”. Tourists gain a sense of life's meaning through tourism experiences. (4) Future research should focus more on the interactive connections, influencing mechanisms, and theoretical frameworks between spirituality and emotions of tourism experiences, and new pathways for tourism development should be innovated and applied to the development of cultural tourism resources. By constructing a relational approach to spirituality and emotions, this study addresses existing theoretical gaps in understanding interactive mechanisms between spirituality and emotions. It provides theoretical foundations and practical guidance for deepening the essence of tourism experiences and developing products that meet tourists' profound needs.

With their visual immediacy and efficiency, short videos have increasingly become an important channel for the public to access information. This study selects twenty highly popular travel short videos on the Douyin platform and collects 4 540 viewer comments as its data. Drawing on emotional contagion theory and employing text analysis methods, together with tools such as the PyLDAvis model, ROST CM6 software, and the SnowNLP model, the study investigates the pathways of positive emotional contagion among viewers and the mechanisms through which positive emotions influence viewers’ travel intentions and travel decision-making. The results indicate that: (1) positive emotional contagion follows two pathways: primary emotional contagion arising from interactions with short videos, and secondary emotional contagion driven by social sharing. (2) based on positive emotional contagion, viewers initiate a five-stage travel decision-making process comprising “cognitive interpretation-itinerary planning-travel expectation-emotional resonance-social dissemination”. (3) positive emotional contagion influences travel decision-making through four mechanisms: positive emotions emerging from mirroring experiences that deepen destination image and viewers’ sense of psychological belonging; positive emotions enhancing immersion and dependence, prompting viewers to seek solace in digital spaces; positive emotions triggering self-projection and collective referencing, thereby facilitating the co-construction of symbolic meanings; and positive emotions driving short-video consumption, enabling broad dissemination of destination images. (4) positive emotional contagion further motivates viewers to participate in the production of travel-related short videos through their travel behaviors, thus forming a closed loop with short-video consumption. The study expands the theoretical applicability of emotional contagion theory, destination image theory, and the “encoding-decoding” framework within the context of digital-media tourism study. In practice, it proposes three strategies for optimizing the development of the tourism market in the new era: improving short-video operation strategies, addressing and transforming non-positive emotions, and leveraging emotion-driven marketing.

Overtourism has emerged as a critical challenge constraining the sustainable transformation of destinations as China’s tourism industry moves towards a stage of high-quality development. Situated in the real-world context of consumption transformation and the digital wave, this paper systematically analyzes the localized characteristics of Chinese-style overtourism and its coping strategies from the dimensions of generative mechanism, spatial alienation, and governance transformation. The research indicates: (1) the alienation of consumption patterns from “demand-driven” to “symbol-driven” amplified by capital and media, has intensified the effect of spatial homogenization. There is an urgent need to guide the return of value rationality and implement multi-stakeholder co-governance. (2) New media algorithms have reshaped tourist destinations into rapidly communicable digital landscapes, triggering pulse-type visitor-flow aggregation and social spatial alienation. The focus of governance must shift from static capacity control to resilient governance oriented towards flow management and platform collaboration. (3) Overtourism in natural protected areas manifests as the breach of the ecological fragility threshold. Capacity limit must serve as hard constraints and with smart monitoring and ecological education safeguarding natural environments. (4) Ancient towns and villages face an authenticity crisis as they transform from a living space to a symbolic stage. It is essential to rebuild the cultural tourism model based on the community and preserve the authenticity through shared daily experiences between locals and visitors. (5) Urban overtourism is essentially a social-ecological system imbalance embedded in policy, technology, and consumption. To achieve high-quality development, a localized explanatory framework should be constructed, promoting a dynamic shift in the governance paradigm from “capacity calculation” to “flow management”, establishing a differentiated comprehensive governance system that is predictable and controllable.

Crowding is a perennial topic in tourism research, particularly salient in highly frequented tourist attractions such as theme parks. Visitor volume serves as a double-edged sword, acting both as a key indicator of a destination's appeal and a core component of its recreational atmosphere. Based on big data of online texts and small data of on-site questionnaires, this study explores whether and in what ways the perceived crowding and its effects (i.e. emotional and behavioral responses) may differ for tourists having varied experiences. The findings are as follows: (1) sentiment analyses of online reviews of Chimelong Ocean Kingdom and Shanghai Disney Resort reveal potential correlations between tourist sentiments and seasonal fluctuations in tourist volume. (2) T-tests, multiple regression analyses, and mediation effect tests of the questionnaire data indicate that while no significant difference in perceived crowding was found between new and returning tourists, its effects on emotions, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions differed markedly. (3) To be specific, for new tourists, the effects of perceived crowding on emotions, degrees of satisfaction, and behavioral intentions are dual-sided while for returning ones, perceived crowding leads directly to negative emotions and indirectly influences degrees of satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The findings of the study offer important theoretical implications for the study of tourism crowding and of the expectation theory and provide practical insights for crowd management in theme parks.

Value co-creation behaviors serve as an important way to enhance tourist experience quality. Using Xi’an city as a case study, based on the embodied cognition theory and the cognition-affect-behavior theory, and by deepening the connotation of the concept of tourist experience quality and developing scales, this study analyzes the interactive mechanism between tourists’ value co-creation behaviors and tourist experience quality. Key findings include: (1) tourist experience quality is tourists’ retrospective evaluation of the embodied experience in three dimensions, including technical experience quality, environmental experience quality, and functional experience quality. (2) Tourists’ pre-trip and mid-trip value co-creation behaviors significantly exert positive effect on tourist experience quality, which in turn significantly exerts positive effect on post-trip value co-creation behaviors; furthermore, tourists’ pre-trip and mid-trip value co-creation behaviors exert positive effects on post-trip value co-creation behaviors through technical and environmental dimensions. (3) The cyclical embodied experience system formed through the interaction between tourists’ value co-creation behaviors and tourist experiences is the root cause for tourists’ value co-creation behaviors to improve the overall tourist experience quality of the destination.

Tourist green consumption behavior is a critical pathway for achieving sustainable tourism development. This study systematically reviews relevant literature in both Chinese and English and, from the theoretical perspective of a “dynamic process and closed-loop system”, proposes a three-stage conceptual core for tourist green consumption behavior. It clarifies the influencing factors at each stage to explain the transition mechanisms between them, thereby constructing an integrated research framework. The main findings are as follows: (1) tourist green consumption behavior is a dynamic concept characterized by feedback cycles, which can be divided into three stages: “Intention → Behavior → Aftereffect.” (2) The development of this behavior is influenced by multiple internal and external factors, and its evolution materializes as a three-stage transformation mechanism: “Attitude-Behavior Translation → Behavior Maintenance → Intention Regeneration.” (3) The integrated research framework of “theoretical perspective, conceptual definition, influencing factors, and outcomes” for tourist green consumption behavior takes the “three-stage, three-transformation” process-mechanism as its logical thread. It incorporates multiple behavioral theories, such as the theory of planned behavior and social cognitive theory, to explain its transformation processes, and employs a mixed-methods approach for validation. Consequently, this study provides a systematic approach to overcome the fragmented perspectives prevalent in existing research, offering significant insights for deepening the theoretical understanding of tourist green consumption behavior and guiding managerial practices.

The differentiation of technical rules on social media platforms has reconstructed the narrative power structure of tourist destinations, undermined the authoritative status of traditional official narratives, and formed a pattern of coexistence, interaction, and dynamic interplay between official narratives and diverse user-generated narratives on the platforms, thus giving rise to a new phenomenon of destination image conflict. Taking Hongyadong in Chongqing as a case study and employing grounded theory methodology, this study examines platform-native content data from three major platforms: WeChat, Douyin, and Xiaohongshu, aiming to explore the evolutionary mechanism of tourist destination image conflict across differentiated social media platforms. The findings reveal that: (1) the differentiation of platforms’ technical rules reconstructs the narrative power structure, triggering significant conflicts between the official narratives of destinations and user-generated narratives on the platforms in terms of narrative objectives, forms, and functions. (2) Driven by the traffic logic, a disjuncture emerges between the external forms and internal meanings of destination cultural symbols, leading to the “symbol dilution” that gradually strips away of their deep cultural connotations. (3) Amplified by algorithmic recommendations, the disordered symbolic system ultimately results in “cognitive fragmentation” among tourists. This study innovatively constructs the “Platform-driven image conflict evolution model” (P-S-C Model), which systematically unveils the generative mechanism and evolutionary path of the vulnerability of tourist destination images in the digital context. It provides a novel analytical framework for understanding cross-platform image conflicts and advances destination image governance from unilateral control to adaptive collaboration.

With the development of the economy and society and the improvement of people's living standards, the health awareness of the country and its people has kept increasing. Health and wellness tourism, as a form of travel activity that can effectively improve physical and mental health, has now gained popularity among many tourists. To further explore the intrinsic driving factors of the travel intentions of health and wellness tourists, this study introduces the Health Belief Model (HBM) to construct a health and wellness tourism travel intention model that includes action cues, health beliefs, self-efficacy, and travel intentions. The model is empirically tested by combining the structural equation model with the qualitative comparison of fuzzy sets. The research finds that: (1) action cues, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy are the core variables driving the willingness to travel for health and wellness tourism. (2) Both internal and external action cues have a significant positive impact on health beliefs, and health beliefs play a mediating role between action cues and travel intentions; however, among health beliefs, only perceived benefits show a significant positive effect on travel intentions, while the rest are not significant. (3) Self-efficacy not only has a direct impact on the willingness to travel, but also serves as an important moderating variable between health beliefs and the willingness to travel. (4) Three paths driving the willingness to travel for health and wellness tourism were identified though configuration analysis, namely, external cue dominant type, external cue collaborative type, and internal cue avoidance type. The research has refined and extended the applicability of the health belief model in the field of health and wellness tourism, confirming that health and wellness tourism decisions rely more on “external information”, “benefit expectations” and “execution confidence” rather than merely “risk avoidance”, providing an important reference for the marketing practice of health and wellness tourism.

Scientifically assess the perception of cultural ecosystem services (CES) value is crucial to the sustainable development of national parks. Taking Wuyi Mountain National Park as a case study, this research employs the “subject(human)-landscape(national park)-perception(CES)” theoretical framework of landscape perception ecology. Integrating Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) with geospatial data, questionnaire survey, and online User-Generated Content (UGC), it systematically identifies the spatial characteristics and multidimensional driving mechanisms of tourists’ perceptions of 6 CES value types through GIS spatiotemporal analysis, semantic segmentation, and sentiment analysis. The findings reveal: (1) CES perceptions in Wuyishan national park exhibit a “dual-core radiation and gradient decay” spatial pattern, with Jiuqu Stream’s natural landscape as the primary hot spot and the Dahongpao Tea Garden-Tianxin Yongle Temple cultural landscape as the secondary hot spot. (2) Overall, tourists prioritize recreational and aesthetic values over spiritual and religious values, with young-middle-aged adults and females demonstrating more sensitive to the latter two. (3) Combinations of natural elements drive aesthetic perception, combinations of cultural elements shape spiritual perception, and the “cultural elements + natural substrate” model exhibits stronger driving effects. (4) Positive emotions reinforce value recognition in primary areas, while negative emotions overlap with management-deficient regions, indicating the regulatory role of emotional feedback on spatial patterns. From a process-based perspective, we propose a transmission chain of “landscape combination - subject difference - emotional feedback - spatial pattern”, clarifying the spatial differentiation and formation mechanism of CES perception, enriching the theoretical perspective on national park CES spatial research, and providing scientific support for ecological protection and refined management.

Necessity and sufficiency analysis aids in deciphering complex tourism management phenomena. However, its theoretical application and technical implementation in empirical research remain significantly inadequate, often leading to misuse. This paper systematically reviewed and critically evaluated the literature on necessity and sufficiency within tourism research. The study reveals that: (1) existing research heavily concentrates on tourist behavior, extending to resident behavior, employee behavior, and economic management; however, analyses of necessity and sufficiency for key entities such as tourism destination systems and macroeconomic levels remain markedly insufficient. (2) Methodologically, while fsQCA is widely adopted alongside NCA to assess necessity, confusion in method integration and operational irregularities persist in their combined application. (3) Variable selection predominantly relies on behavioral theories, while explanations for nonlinear combinations of multiple antecedents and complex causal relationships primarily draw upon complexity and chaos theory. However, research has insufficiently analyzed the interactive mechanisms among antecedent variables. Future studies should not only deepen the focus on necessity analysis but also extend necessity and sufficiency analyses to broader topics. Additionally, efforts should be made to refine analytical frameworks and strengthen theoretical foundations.The integrated theoretical framework constructed in this paper provides an operational methodological guide and a deepened theoretical perspective for future exploration of the relationship between necessity and sufficiency in the tourism field.

Nature education, as an essential social function of protected areas, plays a critical role in promoting the coordinated development of ecological conservation and public engagement. Based on 726 relevant articles indexed in Web of Science and CNKI from 2000 to 2024, this study employs CiteSpace visualization and content analysis to systematically review the research progress and evolving hotspots of nature education in protected areas in globally. The results show that: (1) early research hotspots domestically and internationally primarily focused on the content and forms of nature education, and have gradually shifted toward educational approaches, interpretation, and educational effectiveness, ultimately forming a research framework encompassing spatial planning, resource evaluation, interpretive methods, collaborative mechanisms, and performance assessment. (2) research topics have progressively expanded to multi-stakeholder and multi-type contexts, contributing to the initial development of a relatively systematic knowledge system. (3) due to ongoing construction of China’s protected-area system, limitations in legislation and regulation, and insufficient interdisciplinary integration, domestic research—despite its rapid growth—still falls short of international studies in terms of theoretical development, research scope, and methodological and data diversity. Future research should strengthen the construction of localized theoretical frameworks, broaden research dimensions and depth, enhance the application of technologies and data, and promote interdisciplinary research. This will improve the practical effectiveness of nature education in protected areas and provide theoretical and policy references for their high-quality development.

The improvement of transportation infrastructure and the popularization of private cars have profoundly influenced the spatial distribution of tourists generating markets to destinations. From the perspective of destination reception, this study collects data related to different transportation modes in Fenghuang ancient town. Using geospatial analysis methods, it compares and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of tourists generating markets arriving via self-driving and public transportation. The findings reveal that: (1) there are significant differences in the spatial distribution of primary and secondary markets between self-driving and public transportation tourists. (2) The spatial distribution of self-driving tourists is relatively broader, showing a “core-periphery” pattern of areal expansion southeast of the Huhuanyong Line, whereas public transportation tourists exhibit a scattered patchy distribution. (3) As the spatial distance from the ancient town increases, the share of self-driving tourists gradually declines, while that of public transportation tourists follows an inverted “V” shape, first increasing and then decreasing.The attraction radius of self-driving tourists (480 km) is significantly smaller than that of public transportation tourists (1 200 km). The geographical concentration of both tourist types is relatively low, and both follow a rank-size distribution. (4) Both tourist types are most strongly influenced by information flow intensity. Furthermore, self-driving tourists are more significantly affected by geographical distance, whereas public transportation tourists are more sensitive to the resident population size and income level of the tourists generating regions. The findings contribute to deepening the theoretical understanding of the relationship between transportation modes and tourist spatial distribution and provide a reference for tourism destinations to formulate targeted marketing strategies.

Tourist moral behavior can effectively protect the ecological environment and cultural landscape of tourist destinations, contributing to their sustainable development. Based on social learning theory and the “Stimulus-Organism-Response” theory, this paper collects 18 qualitative interview data (Study 1) and 311 questionnaire data (Study 2), and uses a mixed-method approach to verify the differences in the impact of “experiential” moral tourism and “consequentialist” moral tourism experiences on tourists’ moral behaviors, as well as to explore the mechanism of moral experiences in “experiential” moral tourism influencing tourists’ moral behaviors. The results show that: (1) compared with traditional “consequence-based” moral tourism, “experience-based” moral tourism aligns more closely with tourists’ motivations by reflecting the characteristics of the experience economy, thus being more popular among tourists and more likely to guide tourists’ moral behaviors. (2) Positive, negative, and conflicting moral experiences all have a significant positive impact on tourists’ moral perceptions and moral behaviors, with positive moral experiences yielding the strongest effect, followed by negative moral experiences. (3) Tourists’ moral perceptions mediates the influence of moral experiences on moral behaviors. Destinations should leverage tourism's inherent “enjoyment and relaxation” nature by shifting from “emphasizing consequences” to “focusing on experiences”, and pay attention to the integration of moral experience content in the development of moral tourism products, so as to strengthen tourists’ moral experiences, enhance their moral perceptions, make their moral behaviors occur naturally.

Financing efficiency is pivotal to the core competitiveness and sustainable development of the capital-intensive cruise industry. This paper utilizes panel data from Royal Caribbean Group (RCL), Carnival Corporation (CCL), and Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings (NCLH) spanning 2002-2023, employing the DEA-Malmquist model to analyze the impact of financing efficiency on operational performance.(RCL), Carnival Corporation (CCL), and Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings (NCLH) from 2002 to 2023. The DEA-Malmquist index model was employed to measure total factor productivity (TFPCH), while the Bootstrap truncated regression method was used to identify factors influencing financing efficiency. This study explores the financing efficiency of major global cruise companies, its dynamic evolution patterns, and key influencing factors. The study finds: (1) the industry’s average annual TFP during the observation period was 0.984, indicating a slight decline in financing efficiency. (2) The evolution of cruise companies’ financing efficiency exhibits phased characteristics: from 2002 to 2008, influenced by credit tightening and the financial crisis, industry financing efficiency remained persistently low; from 2009 to 2019, it generally recovered but showed significant fluctuations, with technological progress as the core driver; From 2020 to 2023, the industry faced severe shocks from the COVID-19 pandemic, experiencing a brief rebound in 2021 due to digital upgrades before facing renewed pressure. (3) Regression analysis indicates that epidemic shocks exert a significant negative impact on financing efficiency, while economic crisis shocks show a marginal negative effect. Market share has a significant positive promoting effect, whereas firm size exerts a significant negative influence. The article’s marginal contribution lies in its pioneering integration of these two methodologies to systematically analyze financing efficiency in the cruise industry, revealing its dynamic patterns and influencing factors. This provides a new perspective for financial resource allocation in capital-intensive industries and offers empirical evidence and management insights for emerging cruise enterprises to optimize financing structures and balance scale with efficiency.

Government tourism policies, a crucial instrument for promoting regional economic growth and driving sustainable resource utilization, have long been faced with a persistent gap between technical rationality and target audience acceptance regarding their effectiveness. Taking the implementation of Yunnan provincial government’s tourism policies in Shangri-La City as a case study, this study draws on social cognitive theory and employs the PMC index model together with the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. By integrating dual perspectives of both policymakers and target audience, i.e. community residents, the study investigates how local government tourism policies can balance instrumental rationality with local social demands through institutional design. Findings reveal: (1) local governments exhibit several shortcomings in policy formulation, including time lag, over-emphasis on results among goals, imbalanced resource allocation, and limited policy instruments. (2) Residents’ policy acceptance levels vary significantly across different demographics, with the influencing factor of educational level showing the highest degree of group differentiation in acceptance levels, presenting an overall trend of higher acceptance degrees for residents with higher education. The influencing factors of age and occupation also demonstrate certain group differentiation, but the influencing factor of the length of residence shows relatively limited differentiation. (3) The youth group (17~28 years old) and middle-aged group (29~50 years old) demonstrate significantly higher policy acceptance levels than other age groups, and individuals with higher educational attainments and government employees similarly exhibit relatively high acceptance levels. (4) Barriers to policy acceptance across different educational groups show heterogeneous characteristics: for highly educated groups, obstacles are primarily concentrated at the personal cognitive levels, whereas for less-educated groups, barriers are widely distributed across personal, behavioral, and environmental dimensions, with the environmental dimension being particularly prominent. This study provides empirical evidence and theoretical insights for precise formulation of tourism industry policies, multi-level governance of tourist destinations, and effective implementation of local government initiatives.

With the deep integration of digital technology and ancient town tourism, tourist experience has taken on a new form blending the “virtual” and the “real”. This study integrates embodied cognition theory, social identity theory, and the theory of planned behaviour. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining questionnaire surveys with fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), it investigates how the prosocial behaviour of ancient town visitors is influenced by digital tourism experiences, authenticity experiences, and their interaction. It further reveals the chained mediation and configurational pathway mechanisms. Findings indicate: (1) both digital tourism experiences and authenticity experiences positively influence prosocial behaviour among ancient town visitors, with authenticity exerting a greater impact than digital experiences. (2) Digital tourism experiences and authenticity experiences generate a mutually reinforcing positive interaction, collectively enhancing visitors' prosocial behaviour. (3) The aforementioned interactions influence visitors’ prosocial behaviour through chained mediating pathways involving place identity and self-efficacy. (4) The driving mechanisms of visitors’ prosocial behaviour comprise three configurational pathways: “dual experience-place identity”, “digital tourism experience-place identity-self-efficacy synergy”, and “authenticity experience-place identity-self-efficacy synergy”. This study transcends singular experiential perspectives to reveal the interactive effects of dual virtual-real experiences on tourists’ emotions, cognition, and behaviour, alongside their mediating mechanisms. Employing mixed-methods research to identify multi-configurational driving pathways, it provides theoretical underpinnings and practical insights for the digital development of ancient towns, authenticity preservation, and the guidance of tourist prosocial behaviour.

Under the guidance of the “dual-carbon” goal, the fast-growing tourism industry must take a green and low-carbon development path. The study employs provincial panel data from China between 2000 and 2022 to construct the tourism development level index. Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), it tests whether tourism development can reduce regional per capita carbon emissions, explores the differentiated impacts of tourism development on carbon emissions and their specific mechanisms, and analyses the spatial effects of such impacts. The findings indicate that: (1) within the tourism-extended EKC framework, the inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and regional carbon emissions has been validated, and tourism development can reduce regional per capita carbon emissions in the long term. (2) The panel threshold regression model further reveals that the impact of tourism development on regional per capita carbon emissions exhibits a nonlinear pattern, and the impact of tourism development on carbon emissions varies across different levels of urbanization. (3) Accommodation and transportation are the primary sources of tourism-related carbon emissions. The number of star-rated hotels and the stock of new energy vehicles serve as mediating variables influencing tourism's impact on regional carbon emissions. (4) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the carbon reduction effect of tourism development is weaker in eastern provinces and optimal in western provinces, and tourism development significantly reduces per capita carbon emissions in surrounding regions.

Tourist loyalty is of vital importance for the sustainable development of industrial tourism, which is now an important path for urban renewal and culture-tourism integration. Using the typical industrial tourist attraction Hechai 1972 Culture and Creativity Industry Park as a case study, based on improved Chinese Customer Satisfaction Index (CCSI) theory, and by employing the structural equation model, this paper analyzes the tourist loyalty driving mechanism. The results show that: (1) tourist expectations, a key factor affecting industrial tourists’ experiences before visit, not only indirectly affect perceived value and satisfaction through improving perceived quality, but also have a direct effect on both perceived value and satisfaction. Among the components of tourist expectations, consumption expectations and industrial cultural experience expectations have a higher influence intensity than landscape expectations. (2) Perceived quality is key to driving perceived value, among the two pathways through which visitor expectations influence satisfaction, the pathway mediated by perceived quality exhibits more pronounced effects, forming the core mechanism by which expectations translate into satisfaction. Within visitor perceived quality, scene service perception lags behind industrial heritage perception and industrial landscape perception in actual experiences, making it the primary target for improvement in tourist attractions. (3) Perceived quality and perceived value jointly influence tourist satisfaction that exerts the strongest and direct driving effect on loyalty. This paper reveals the formation mechanism of tourist loyalty in the context of industrial tourism, enriches the applicability of the CCSI model in the field of industrial tourism, and provides insight for industrial tourist attractions to optimize experience design and strengthen visitor recognition, and thus is of great significance for boosting the protection of industrial heritage and high-quality integration of culture and tourism.

Given the increasing demand for professional tourism planners, many peers without tourism-education background have turned to tourism-planning operations. This study explores the generalized pathway of “cross-disciplinary knowledge updating” by interviewing 25 tourism planners focusing on their “learning-by-doing” experiences. The research findings indicate: (1) the knowledge updating process for cross-disciplinary tourism planners typically goes through three stages: “methodological”, “epistemological” and “ontological” knowledge updating. The objective of knowledge-updating in these stages can be respectively viewed as matching existing planning tools with tourism-specific needs at the micro level, understanding the operational logic of tourism businesses at the meso-level, and balancing multi-value orientations of tourism development at the macro level. (2) At each stage, the primary motivation for cross-disciplinary knowledge update stems from perceived knowledge gaps encountered while undertaking planning projects at different scales. Planners must engage in a contextualized “acquisition-absorption-application” process to better addressing perceived knowledge gaps and spontaneously re-build corresponding tourism-planning knowledge systems. (3) Whether tourism planners can upgrade knowledge systematically from “layman” to “expert” status depends on their ability across different stages to: Accurately identify professional knowledge gaps and locate appropriate knowledge sources, adopt suitable strategies to translate and absorb new knowledge, and employ suitable strategies within multi-stakeholder bargaining frameworks to validate, apply, and disseminate new knowledge. This study proposes a cross-disciplinary knowledge updating process for tourism planners, providing theoretical and methodological support for cultivating cross-disciplinary talents in the practice of multi-industry integration.

Against the backdrop of the vigorous development of rural tourism, rural socio-cultural space is facing potential risks such as functional fragmentation and cultural disjunction, This study introduces actor-network theory and uses Nanshe Village in Dongguan as a case to systematically analyze the mechanism through which the network of actors in rural tourism drives the reconstruction of social and cultural space. The results show that: (1) the development of the actor-network in Nanshe Village has generally undergone three stages: the government-led single-actor phase, the market-driven multi-actor phase, and the multi-collaborative network formation phase. (2) In terms of the characteristics of spatial reconstruction, it presents the feature of coordinated evolution across material, spiritual, and social dimensions：in the material space, ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing dynasties have achieved preservation, revitalization, and infrastructure upgrading, with spatial functions transforming from meeting daily life needs to serving cultural inheritance and economic development; in the spiritual space, cultural and emotional connections have been enhanced, and a value system centered on the culture of filial piety and virtue has been gradually constructed, achieving the elevation of the cultural core values; in the social space, community cohesion has been improved, promoting the integration and interaction between culture and economy. (3) In terms of spatial reconstruction mechanisms, five mechanisms, policy guidance, capital incentives, deep community participation, local collaboration, and normative constraints, interact synergistically to promote the reconstruction of the socio-cultural space in Nanshe Village. The research findings not only enrich the theoretical studies on rural socio-cultural space reconstruction but also provide practical insights for the revitalization of socio-cultural aspects in tourism-oriented villages and the sustainable development of tourism.

As an important component of modern service sector, the exhibition industry plays a significant role in promoting economic growth and upgrading the tourism sector. Using the data of 4 865 exhibition enterprises located within Beijing’s Sixth Ring Road from 2000 to 2023, this study applies geospatial analytical techniques, the $Getis-Ord\mathrm{ }{G}_{i}^{\mathrm{*}}$ statistic, and the geographical detector model to examine the spatial distribution patterns of exhibition enterprises and their influencing factors. The results indicate that: (1) during the study period, exhibition enterprises in Beijing exhibit a pronounced spatial agglomeration, following a typical evolutionary trajectory from “single-center agglomeration” to “multi-center diffusion,” and subsequently to “localized re-agglomeration,” resulting in a “core-periphery” coordinated structure characterized by a “multi-core + dispersed” pattern. (2) The spatial evolution of exhibition enterprises is closely associated with the distribution of major functional nodes, such as Olympic venues and the Beijing sub-center, as well as the implementation of strategic policies including the “relocation of non-capital functions,” reflecting strong path dependence and policy-driven dynamics. (3) Living services and transportation services are the direct core factors shaping the spatial distribution of exhibition enterprises, with their interaction producing a nonlinear enhancement effect, whereas economic foundations and production services act as indirect factors by exerting influence through interaction with other factors. From the perspective of spatial governance, this study enriches the theoretical understanding of service-sector agglomeration in mega-cities and provides a scientific basis for optimizing the spatial layout of the exhibition industry. Future efforts should focus on strengthening policy guidance, improving foundational support systems, and innovating coordination mechanisms to further optimize the spatial structure of exhibition enterprises, achieve deep structural integration between the exhibition industry and urban development, as well as synergistic enhancement in operational efficiency.

Environmental education is the foundation for spreading the concept of ecological civilization and an important path to promote public participation in achieving the goal of building a Beautiful China. Internationally, environmental education research is an important interdisciplinary field that has undergone more than half a century of development and accumulated rich research results. However, domestic environmental education is still in the development stage and urgently needs theoretical references from the academic community. Based on this, this study collected 7624 articles published between 1968 and 2024 from the journals collected in Web of Science database. Using bibliometric analysis, keyword coding, and other techniques, a systematic analysis was conducted on the development trends, disciplinary backgrounds, and academic hotspots of international environmental education research. The study primarily covers three aspects: (1) it explored the concept and evolution of international environmental education, sorted out the number of literature, publishing phases, major published journals, hot keywords, geographical distribution, etc. (2) it summarizes three main contents of environmental education research: environmental education philosophy, environmental education implementation, and environmental education effectiveness. (3) three major characteristics of international environmental education research have been extracted. Based on international research and combined with the theoretical and practical needs of China, direction suggestions were proposed for environmental education and its research in China. The research aims to provide a systematic reference for the theoretical construction of environmental education in China, elevate the academic standards and international influence of Chinese environmental education research, strengthen industry-academia-research collaboration in environmental education practices, and promote the achievement of ecological civilization construction goals in China.

In the context of green transformation and “co-construction and sharing”, clarifying the coupling effect and coordination mechanism of ecotourism and common prosperity is not only a crucial issue for ecotourism to align with the rural revitalization strategy and advance urban-rural common prosperity but also an inherent requirement for promoting high-quality development of ecotourism. Taking Fujian Province as a case study, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system for ecotourism and common prosperity, and adopts the Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP) - entropy weight method - coupling coordination - grey correlation model in order to analyze the coupling coordination effect of ecotourism and common prosperity in Fujian Province from 2010 to 2019. The results show that: (1) during the research period, the degree of coupling between ecotourism and common prosperity in Fujian Province has continuously advanced from a relatively low-level coupling state to a higher-level one, with the degree of coupling coordination going through four stages, namely moderate imbalance with double-low indices, gradual growth with relatively low indices, primary-medium coordination with moderate indices and sound coordination with a priority on common prosperity. (2) Factors such as per capita local general public budget revenue, the participation rate of basic endowment insurance, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents, the urbanization rate, the density of the highway network, the forest coverage rate, and the number of ecological tourism demonstration zones at or above the provincial-level play a leading role in the coupled and coordinated development of ecotourism and common prosperity in Fujian Province. (3) Developing ecotourism is an effective means to promote urban-rural common prosperity, and achieving common prosperity provides a power source for ecotourism. Ecotourism is a common form for realizing the value of ecological products, while common prosperity is the outcome of such value realization. (4) Innovating the mechanism for developing financial resources,making up for the shortcomings of rural public services, enhancing the appeal of “lucid waters and lush mountains”, and promoting the value realization of ecological products are effective ways to improve the level of coupled and coordinated development between ecotourism and common prosperity. The research findings of this paper hold both theoretical and practical significance for better enhancing the income-increasing and poverty-alleviating effects of ecotourism and making solid progress toward common prosperity.