Scientific understanding of the key areas and development trends of tourism safety research under the Belt and Road Initiative is of great significance for effectively promoting the construction of tourism corridors and fostering connectivity among countries amidst unprecedented profound changes. Using the CiteSpace bibliometric tool, this paper visualized and analyzed 488 domestic and international papers on tourism safety research under the Belt and Road Initiative, sourced from the CNKI and Web of Science databases. The results showed that tourism safety research under the Belt and Road Initiative has undergone three stages: The initial exploration period, the rapid development period, and the COVID-19 epidemic impact period. The research topics include the situation of tourism safety risks, characteristics of tourism safety accidents, investment security in the tourism industry, and cooperation in tourism safety governance. Existing research presents a rich exploration of public safety risks outside the tourism industry, an obvious geographical concentration in the tourism safety accident research, insufficient breadth in tourism investment safety research, and a lack of quantitative research on tourism safety governance. Based on the theoretical development and practical needs of tourism safety under the Belt and Road Initiative, future research should pay attention to the exploration of the multilateral interaction of tourism security from an international perspective, build an analytical framework covering multiple stakeholders, promote the innovative application of dynamic tracking technology, and improve the construction of a theoretical system for tourism safety. This will provide a useful reference for promoting the development of safety in the tourism industry under the Belt and Road Initiative.

Promoting the coupling of tourism development and ecological resilience is of great significance for improving the quality and efficiency of the tourism industry in the Yangtze River Delta region and promoting the construction of regional ecological civilization. Taking 41 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Delta as the research object, this paper constructs an evaluation system for tourism development and ecological resilience based on the idea of evolutionary resilience. Markov chain and kernel density estimation were used to characterize the spatio-temporal coupling of the two systems and identify their influencing factors. The findings are as follows: (1) the tourism development index of the Yangtze River Delta region fluctuates from 0.085 in 2005 to 0.571 in 2021; the ecological resilience index continued to rise, from 0.269 in 2005 to 0.827 in 2021, and the regional differences continued to shrink; (2) the type of coupling coordination developed from the anomalous state in the base period (0.134) to the primary coordination in the end period (0.669), with significant spatial agglomeration and “club convergence” phenomenon; (3) traffic accessibility, policy attention and vegetation coverage are the main factors affecting the coupling coordination level; the level of economic development has the strongest influence on the interaction of factors; the interaction between traffic accessibility and opening degree, economic development level and vegetation coverage, economic development level and traffic accessibility have the strongest explanatory power to the coupling coordination level.

To grasp the content configuration of tourism industry policies quickly and accurately, and fully understand its performance production paths are crucial to promoting and guiding the development of the tourism industry. In this papter, 31 provincial-level tourism industry development plans in China are selected as samples for analysis. Using NVivo 12 Plus software, word frequency analysis was conducted, and keywords were obtained, then the“13th Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development of Zhejiang Province” was taken as an example to summarize the content and compare with those from previous word frequency analysis to determine the common variables. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to extract the two paths of policy performance production: (1) The “adaptation” path of key tasks and resource input set based on the industrial basis, corresponding to provinces with rich tourism resources but underdeveloped tourism industry; (2) The “perfect” path of industrial based, target-guided task deployment, division of labor and of input resources, corresponding to provinces with developed tourism industry. The policy focus and performance production effects of the two paths are different, which can provide reference for the high-quality development of the regional tourism industry, so that it can grasp key goals and tasks, strengthen the support of production performance, optimize policy planning and design according to local conditions, and then deploy actions and allocate resources to improve the cultivation performance of tourism industry.

As a major outbound tourism country, the changes in Chinese tourists’ online attention to overseas tourist destinations serve as a crucial reference for post-COVID-19 tourism recovery strategies. This study focuses on the 60 countries parcipating in the Belt and Road Initiative and their 96 tourist destinations. Employing Baidu Index for monitoring attention dynamics, coupled with Singular Value Decomposition, Wavelet Analysis, and Geodetector, we analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics and associated impacts of the outbound tourism online attention. The findings are as follows: (1) At the post-COVID-19 stage, there is an overall increasing trend in Chinese tourists’ attention towards destinations, particularly to countries like Italy, Egypt, South Korea, Russia, and Greece. (2) The online attention mainly exhibits three spatio-temporal patterns: routine attention with a 7-day cycle, long-period attention with a 48-day cycle, and short-term sudden attention with a 3-day cycle. These patterns significantly interact in shaping destination preferences, with long-term attention exerting a leading influence on the spatio-temporal patterns of other types. (3) The differen- tiation of spatio-temporal characteristics of tourism online attention is jointly influenced by the disposable time of Chinese tourists and their positive response to international tourism market promotions. Additionally, destination countries’ public health policies, economic recovery pace, sustainability of tourism infrastructure, and Sino-foreign bilateral relations also impact the cyclical fluctuations and geographical distribution of online attention. This study deepens the understanding of post-COVID-19 outbound tourism online attention characteristics and reveals the synergistic enhancement relationships between different attention types. These insights provide data support for developing differentiated international tourism cooperation strategies, thereby facilitating the recovery of the tourism industry.

Tourism development has exacerbated the inherent vulnerability of rural territorial systems, which has led to multiple challenges for rural tourism. It is particularly urgent to explore the composition and evolution of rural tourism resilience. By exploring the connotation of rural tourism resilience, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system covering four aspects, namely, sensitivity and vulnerability, resistance and recovery, adjustment and adaptability, transformation and innovation ability, and analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution and its driving patterns of rural tourism resilience at the provincial scale in China from 2006 to 2021 by using quantitative research methods and spatial analysis methods. The results show that: (1) The resilience of rural tourism at the provincial scale shows an overall trend of enhancement, but the differences between provinces remain prominent, and there is an obvious characteristic of “Hu Huanyong Line”; (2) The dynamic change of rural tourism resilience has a certain “path locking” effect, and there is a neighborhood effect on the transfer of rural tourism resilience states. (3) Affected by regional differences in the interaction with economic development level, market size, government policies and other factors, the resilience evolution of rural tourism finally formed three modes: the eastern part is the double-wheel-driven mode of economy-market, the central part is integrated growth mode of market-community, and the western part is the coordinated development mode of policy-market. This study reveals the complex mechanisms and different modes of the evolution of rural tourism resilience, enriches the theoretical system of rural tourism resilience, and provides policy suggestions and scientific references for the high-quality development of rural tourism and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.

Expanding and deepening tourism cooperation between the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries and regions is an important part of the joint construction of the BRI, which has important strategic significance for promoting global economic growth and humanistic exchanges. After four stages of development, including the establishment of pillars and beams, fluctuating development, epidemic control and market recovery, tourism cooperation along the BRI has achieved great progress in infrastructure “hard connectivity”, rules and standards “soft connectivity”, as well as people-to-people “heart connectivity”. At the same time, the scale of BRI tourism market has significantly expanded, industrial investment has continued to grow, unified brands have gradually formed, security has gradually strengthened, and cooperation platforms have been enriched. In the future, BRI tourism cooperation will not only encounter new opportunities for deepening transportation connectivity, digital economy and green development, but also face challenges such as complicated external environment, unbalanced regional development and weak global soft connectivity. We should have the vision of building BRI tourism community of shared destiny which has interconnected facilities, linked standards, and integrated cultures, as well as a high level of openness, industrial resilience and security. In order to realize the vision, we should continue to build a seamless three-dimensional tourism transportation network, accelerate the construction of smooth linkage and docking mechanism for tourism policies, continue to expand the platform for civil exchanges, promote the construction of a new pattern of all-round opening-up, explore the construction of a multi-level tourism resilience system, and work together to guarantee the multi-dimensional prevention and control of security issues.

The Internet has become an important information channel for people’s traveling and tourist attractions marketing decision-making. Based on the big data of the network attention of 302 national 5A tourist attractions in 31 provincial-level regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), namely “Baidu Index”, the dynamic evolution of the spatial pattern of network attention of 5A tourist attractions nationwide was analyzed by using the geospatial analysis method. The study found that: (1) From 2011 to 2019, the network attention and spatial difference of national 5A tourist attractions showed the changing characteristics of upward fluctuation. The contribution rate of spatial difference in the eight regions increased, while the spatial difference among the eight regions decreased. And the inter-regional difference still dominated the overall spatial difference. (2) The network attention of national 5A tourist attractions presents the characteristic of “agglomeration-diffusion-new agglomeration” in space. The number of agglomeration centers continues to increase, and the agglomeration scope continues to expand, forming two major agglomeration areas in Beijing and the Yangtze River Delta region, and the agglomeration evolves from point to group and belt. The spatial distribution range of high-attention areas has been expanding, with a gradient shift from the eastern to the central and western parts of the country. (3) The evolutionary attribution of the network attention of the national 5A tourist attractions is driven by both industrial agglomeration and tourism demand, and the influence of the tertiary industrial agglomeration has weakened after 2015, and the improvement of tourism demand, market commercial system environment and traffic conditions is more conducive to enhance the tourism attraction and tourism market scale of the central and western regions, thus promoting the transfer of network attention of tourist attractions to this part of the country.

Health promotion is one of the main travel motivations, and tourism is beneficial to tourists’ health. In order to explore the relationship among tourist’ healthy motivation, healthy pursuit in tourism process and post-trip health effect, the authors utilizes the survey data of 1,050 valid samples from 121 cities nationwide obtained by a web-based questionnaire in China to conduct statistical analysis and structural equation model analysis. It is found that: health promotion is one of the main motivations for Chinese urban travelers; tourists’ perceived post-trip health effect mainly come from their healthy catering, accommodations and leisure activities in scenic areas; tourist health promotion motivation (including physical-mental health promotion motivation and interpersonal communication motivation) has a significant positive influence on tourists’perceived post-trip health effect, with physical health motives generating the largest perceived physical and mental health effect, and interpersonal communication motives generating the largest perceived social health effect; Chinese urban travelers’ healthy pursuit in tourism process plays a significant mediating role between their health promotion motivation and perceived health effects. The Healthy Motivation-Processing-Effect (HMPE) theoretical model of tourism for Chinese urban residents validated in this study, clarifies the driving paths and causal relationships between tourist health promotion motivation and healthy pursuit in tourism process, as well as their health effect.

The wide application of virtual reality technology in the tourism industry has given birth to the new form of tourism, i.e. virtual tourism. In this paper, we collected data on the views of 542 virtual tourist attractions, analyzed the scale characteristics of the view volume of virtual tourist attractions by using the Thiel coefficient, kernel density analysis, and we built regression models to analyze the influencing factors of the views of virtual tourist attractions. The research shows that: (1) The scale of virtual tourist attractions in China is still small, and the distribution of provincial spatial scale is basically consistent with the spatial pattern of 5A and 4A scenic spots. (2) The scale of view volume decreases with the decrease of scenic spot level, and the higher the level, the greater the internal difference; the number of virtual tourist attractions in the categories of geographic landscape and water landscape is relatively small, but the average view volume is higher than other types of virtual tourist attractions; the provincial differences in the scale of view volume within the eastern and western regions is much larger than that in the central and northeastern regions; the fluctuation in the size of view volume between holidays and weekdays is small. (3) The view volume of virtual tourist attractions are influenced by a variety of factors such as city economic attributes, social attributes, scenic spot attributes, among which the factors of the proportion of regional tertiary industry, the number of 5A-level scenic spots and the number of cell phone users are the most significant. The research reveals the basic law of the view volume of virtual tourist attractions in China, and provides theoretical support for the development of virtual tourist attractions.

The integration of art and tourism is an important content to promote the deep integration of culture and tourism in the new stage of development. This paper reviews the origin and evolution of the integration of art and tourism, analyzes the research status quo and main topics, and tries to build a research framework of the integration of art and tourism. The research holds that: (1) the history of the integration of art and tourism is closely related to the social and economic development process of human beings, and it has always been an important part of the history of tourism. The main research topics of the integration of art and tourism include the integration of national art and tourism, literature and art and tourism, art performance and tourism, art blocks and tourism, art creative industries and tourism, and art education and tourism. (2)The connotative characteristics of the integration of art and tourism are mainly reflected in three levels: the integration subject, the integration object and the integration media. In terms of the integration subject, art tourists often have a high educational level and aesthetic literacy, appreciate the beauty of art through tourism experience and actively participate in artistic creative activities; in the aspect of integrating objects, the presentation forms of art tourism resources are constantly changing. The consumption content has gradually developed from the early art itself (art crafts) into creative forms such as artistic creation products and art festivals, realizing the change from paying attention to the art itself to paying attention to the overall artistic atmosphere; in terms of media integration, digital technology supports the development of art and tourism digitalization, and the artistic presentation in tourism has developed from traditional visual display to more emphasis on process interactive experience. (3) Based on the current situation of the integration of art and tourism, this paper constructs a research framework of the integration of art and tourism from two aspects: integration elements and integration paths, with a view to providing new ideas and directions for the research on the integration of art and tourism, as well as reference for the development practice of the integration of art and tourism.

Adventure tourism products characterised by meeting tourists’ needs for personalised and in-depth experiences are highly favoured in the intensive competition of island tourism destinations. Based on the three-pillar model of the overall framework of adventure tourism research, the article explores the heterogeneity of Chinese outbound tourists’ choice preferences, willingness to pay, and choice behaviours of island adventure tourism products using the choice experiment method, taking Mauritius as an example. The study found that: (1) cultural experience is the most important attribute of island adventure tourism product valued by Chinese outbound travellers, followed by natural environment and skill learning, while the physical activities involved in the tourism product and the cost did not become the decisive indicators of choice. (2) Chinese outbound tourists are willing to pay the most for the cultural experience attribute of the island adventure tourism product, and the order of willingness to pay for other attributes is as follows: natural environment, skill learning, and physical activities. (3) In terms of choice heterogeneity, the group of Chinese outbound tourists who are in good physical condition, single, have travelled to islands outside China and have a high level of knowledge about adventure tourism products are more inclined to choose island adventure tourism products.

The rapid development of autonomous driving technology has prompted social science research to explore its potential in reshaping people’s daily life and travel behaviors. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the primary themes in autonomous vehicle research within the fields of transportation and urban planning, and also introduces its practical implications in tourism scenarios. The study concludes that: (1) the research in the social sciences on autonomous vehicles has shifted from technological applications towards considerations of management policies; the research on applications in the field of tourism is still in its infancy, but the research related to public acceptance attitudes and the impact of the physical and social environments offers directions for research in the field of tourism; (2) the utilization of autonomous vehicles in tourism presents dual functionalities in transportation and enhancing the tourism experience; (3) the critical directions encompass three key aspects: tourism demand, tourism response, and tourism effect; specifically, travel decision-making and mobility experience at the demand side, the development of new industries, facility configuration and governance policies at the supply side, and the impact of technology on the environment, economy and social sustainable development at the effect side are the key issues to explore. The potential application of autonomous vehicles in tourism can provide valuable insights for the automotive industry, academic research in tourism, and studies on behavioral decision-making.

Ecological recreation space plays a pivotal role in ensuring the well-being of urban inhabitants. Given the increasing emphasis on livability and ecological development in metropolitan areas, coupled with the regionalization of residents’ recreation activities, it becomes imperative to delve into the optimization of the comprehensive layout of ecological recreation spaces. This paper examines the distribution patterns, temporal evolution, and influencing factors of ecological recreation spaces in Beijing between 2000 and 2020. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological recreation space in Beijing was characterized by three distinct phases: initial central urban area aggregation, subsequent mountain-based aggregation, and final expansion around these central urban areas. The overarching pattern transitioned from a singular-core aggregation to a dual-core model with multiple centers, culminating in a face-shaped continuity. This resulted in the distribution characteristics of ecological recreation spaces in the central urban area and new cities within plain areas being concentrated, while the mountainous areas have low-density spaces. (2) The distribution center of ecological recreation spaces has shifted along the northeast-southeast direction, experiencing a process of initial dispersion followed by concentration. The polarized effect of the increase in the number of ecological recreation spaces in the east-west orientation is more prominent, while the distribution of the increase in the number of ecological recreation spaces in the north-south orientation is relatively balanced and has multi-center characteristics. (3) The distribution of ecological recreation spaces within urban areas has a dependent relationship with elevation, water systems, transportation infrastructure, and ecological space, yet population demand and planning policies play pivotal roles in driving the increase in the number and expansion of these spaces in Beijing. This study suggests that metropolitan regions should enhance the coordination of ecological recreation space construction and design from a comprehensive regional perspective. It emphasizes the importance of optimizing the distribution of urban ecological recreation spaces, thereby promoting the refinement of urban territorial spatial structures and enhancing residents’ well-being.

Clarifying the deep-rooted relationship between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being is a crucial reference for advancing the ecological civilization construction of national parks and promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Taking Nanshan National Park as an example, this study first calculates the value of ecosystem services from 2000 to 2021 using a modified ecosystem service value model. It then identifies the well-being level of residents in the case study area based on the well-being framework. Finally, it explores the well-being effects of different types of ecosystem services and their heterogeneity characteristics through correlation analysis and panel quantile regression models. The results show that: (1) Between 2000 and 2021, the value of ecosystem services in Nanshan National Park exhibited an overall trend of “first declining and then rising”, with a change rate of -0.049%. (2) The well-being level of residents in Nanshan National Park improved significantly, with the well-being index increasing by 49.8% from 2000 to 2021. After 2020, the well-being level was predominantly high, yet low-income dimension of well-being became the key factor inhibiting the improvement of residents’ well-being levels. (3) The value of ecosystem services is positively correlated with residents’ well-being, but the impact on health well-being, educational well-being, and income well-being shows heterogeneity, with relatively strong positive associations with health well-being and income well-being. (4) The well-being effects of ecosystem services exhibit heterogeneity in different hierarchical levels; as the well-being level increases, the positive effects of ecosystem service values gradually strengthen, with forestland becoming the key ecosystem affecting residents’ well-being.

Entity industry is an important driver for human development, and outbound tourism is one of the important indicators to measure human development level. However, the relationship between the entity industry, outbound tourism and human development level has not been confirmed yet. This paper selects 44 countries along the Belt and Road as samples, takes the Human Development Index (HDI) as the explanatory variable, the outbound tourism rate as the explained variable, the Entity Industrial Index as the control variable, and the Price Level Index as the regulating variable, adopts the dynamic panel model to analyze the mechanism of human development level on outbound tourism under the influence of real industry. The study found a significant correlation between the outbound tourism rate and the above variables, and indicated that both the Human Development Index and the Entity Industrial Index have a significant positive impact on the outbound tourism rate, while the reciprocal of the Price Level Index (relative tourism prices) has a certain negative impact on the outbound tourism rate. The results show that the development of entity industries, the stability of market prices and the improvement of human development level in the countries along the Belt and Road can enhance the willingness of residents to travel abroad. The study has important theoretical and practical impications for the countries along the Belt and Road to firmly promote sustainable cooperation in entity economy, livelihood industries and tourism exchanges.

The integration of sports and tourism is an important way to realize the innovation of business pattern and high-quality development of tourism destinations. Based on the theory of synergetics, the paper constructs an index system for the integration of sports and tourism. The synergy degree model of composite system and the benevolent data envelopment analysis (DEA) model are used to evaluate the degree of integration of sports and tourism, integration efficiency and development trend in China from 2010 to 2020, the influencing factors of the integration efficiency through the Tobit regression model. The results found that: (1) the order degree of sports and tourism subsystems oscillates significantly, and the integration degree of the two is not high but there is a development trend from uncoordinated to coordinated evolution; (2) the efficiency of sports and tourism integration showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2016, and a downward trend from 2017 to 2020; (3) the degree of transportation accessibility, the level of economic development and the industrial structure are important factors for improving the efficiency of the integration of sports and tourism, while the shortage of human capital, inadequate supporting facilities and lack of leisure spending power are constraints of integration. Finally, the article provides policy recommendations for realizing the integrated development of sports and tourism in China.

Mountainous tourism areas have become an important research object in the environmental issues of cultural ecosystem services (CES), however there is still insufficient research on objective portray of spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of CES and sub-CES in mountainous tourism areas from the recognition of social media photo. Taking the Seven-hole Scenic Spot in Zhangjiang, Libo, Guizhou as a case, this paper selects the scenic photos with location information on the Six Feet and 2BULU website during 2015-2022 to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristic and its influencing factors of CES in typical mountainous tourism areas through several methods such as photo content analysis of social media, nearest-neighbor index, spatial auto-correlation and Geo-detector. The results show that: (1) The spatial characteristics of CES are from scattered to agglomerated pattern, and the agglomeration characteristics of sub-CES enhances year by year. (2) Hot spot zones of sub-CES have developed from a single core independent and multi-core agglomeration distribution, gradually evolved into a spatial distribution pattern of belt-shaped extension and fusion towards the eastern part of the scenic spot, and scattered distribution of hot spots in the western part of the scenic spot. (3) Natural factors such as water, elevation, and social factors such as land use, road types are the dominant factors affecting the spatial distribution of CES, in which the effect of social factors is gradually increasing, while that of natural factors is gradually weakening. (4) The spatial explanatory power of the interaction between the factors of slope angle, slope direction, NDVI and those of distance from road, distance from water of CES, is significantly enhanced compared with that of a single factor, while the explanatory power of the factors interaction between two dimensions is stronger compared with that of the interaction between a single natural or social factor. Based on the research, this paper will enrich the theoretical paradigm of spatio-temporal analysis for CES in mountainous tourism areas, and provide practical reference for their conservation development of the ecosystem, and the improvement of the social and ecological well-being of the public.

The policy system of ecological civilization and national parks is an important part of the national governance system in the new era of the “governance of China”. Based on the three-dimensional analysis framework of “policy structure-policy tools-policy evolution”, we use evolutionary theory and qualitative analysis tools to sort out the policies and regulations related to China’s ecological civilization and national parks, and analyze the evolution stages, characteristics and contents of the policies and regulations since the 21st century in the field of ecological civilization. This paper analyzes the stages, characteristics and contents of policies in the field of ecological civilization, and discusses the vision objectives and development paths of the policies and systems under the new situation in the context of local practices. The research results show that: (1) The evolution of policies regarding ecological civilization and national parks since the 21st century can be divided into four stages, including the policy exploration stage (2000-2006), the policy demonstration stage (2007-2012), the policy expansion and enhancement stage (2013-2017), and the policy continuous optimization stage (2018-present), with the peak stage of evolution from 2016 to 2018; (2) Institutional policies are dominated by coercive tools, presenting a high degree of national will and authority, with insufficient diversification of the participating subjects and a general degree of social participation, the standardized normative form and the programmatic policy form co-occur most frequently, and the structural coercive tools are the most commonly used form of policy combination; (3) Local ecological civilization practices are distinctive, with “Fujian Model”, “Qinghai Experiences”, and “Zhejiang Path” being important ecological civilization pilot experiences; (4) China’s ecological civilization policy and institutional construction has achieved significant breakthrough in the top-level design, local practice, and conceptual influence of the system, and it is possible to promote the construction of China’s ecological civilization policy and institutional construction in six directions, such as further improving the construction of the institutional system and the refinement of the field, and in 10 specific aspects, including law, culture and the economy.

Promoting tourism economic connections between provinces and regions along the Yellow River Economic Belt is of great significance for their high-quality development of social, economic, and ecological civilization. This paper uses gravity model, social network, geographical space and other analytical methods to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of economic connections between domestic tourism and inbound tourism in 9 provinces along the Yellow River Economic Belt before and after the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward. The study found that: (1) The total intensity of tourism economic connections along the Yellow River Economic Belt shows a spatial distribution pattern of gradients increase from upstream to downstream of the Yellow River. The total intensity of domestic tourism economic connections in various provinces and regions is significantly higher than that of inbound tourism. The proposal has led to an increasing trend in the total intensity and regional imbalance of domestic and inbound tourism connections year by year. (2) The tourism economic connection direction of the Yellow River Economic Belt extends from the lower reaches to the middle and upper reaches. After the initiative was put forward, the direction of domestic tourism connections remained basically unchanged, but Sichuan entered the core axis of inbound tourism connections. (3) The tourism economic connection network along the Yellow River Economic Belt presents a core-periphery structure. The initiative promotes an increase in network density, a trend towards complex and balanced network structures. The complexity and density growth trend of domestic tourism networks are greater than those of inbound tourism. (4) The road network density, the number of permanent residents at the end of the year, the number of annual tourists and the number of the Belt and Road tourism policies are the main factors affecting the total intensity of domestic tourism economic connection in each province. The road network density, the number of permanent residents at the end of the year, the number of tourism practitioners and regional GDP are the main factors affecting the total intensity of inbound tourism economic connection in each province.

The adaptive development of resilience and efficiency is an inevitable requirement for the quality and efficiency improvement and high-quality development of the tourism economy. Based on the evaluation of the resilience and efficiency development level of tourism economy in China from 2001 to 2020, this paper analyzes the adaptation mechanism, and uses the adaptability comprehensive evaluation model and geographic detector to explore the adaptation degree and influencing factors. The results show that: (1) From 2001 to 2020, the development level of tourism economic resilience and efficiency showed an overall upward trend, and the lag of tourism economic resilience turned to the synchronous development trend of the two, and the gap between the two was narrowing. (2) The adaptation degree was significantly improved during the study period and was similar to those of the tourism economic resilience subsystem, which had the characteristics of resilience-dominated adaptive development, and spatially presented a stepwise decreasing distribution pattern of “east-central-northeast-west”. (3) Group evolution analysis showed that provincial-level regions can be divided into four types: sustainable, developmental, adjusted and promoted, and the adaptation degree was stable at the high and low poles, and the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the middle were in a state of great change, and the four sustainable provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Guangdong were in the forefront, while the upgrading provincial-level regions, such as Qinghai, Ningxia, Xizang and Xinjiang, were ranked in the rear. (4) Regional economic development level, tourism innovation level, tourism resources endowment, tourism industry specialization level, and tourism industry diversification level were the main influencing factors, while the specialization and diversification of the tourism industry were dominant interacting factors affecting the development of the two.

With the construction of the Belt and Road, international tourism, as an important part of tourism and international service trade, has become an important carrier to promote economic development and cultural exchanges along the Belt and Road. This paper constructs an index to measure the development level of international tourism, analyzes the evolution trend of international tourism along the Belt and Road from 2008 to 2019, and explores the influencing factors and their spatial differences by applying GTWR model. The results show that: (1) The international tourism along the Belt and Road presents a slow decline and then a gradual increase, and the development gap first expands significantly and then narrows slowly. The Belt and Road Initiative has effectively slowed down the decline of the international tourism development level, and plays a vital role in narrowing the development gap. (2) The development of international tourism along the Belt and Road presents a spatial pattern of “high in China, Russia and Poland, high in the belt of West Asia-Southeast Asia and low in inland areas”. (3) The key driving factor for the development of international tourism along the Belt and Road is aviation system level. The core driving factors are the level of economic development and the ability to attract foreign investment, followed by foreign-trade dependence, electricity and communication system level, and the government regulatory quality. (4) The main influencing factors in different regions vary dramatically: aviation system level and the ability to attract foreign investment are core driving factors in all regions. The main driving factors of the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong, Macao are the level of economic development, the level of network and communication systems; Mongolia and Russia, Central Asia, West Asia and North Africa are the level of economic development, foreign-trade dependence and the level of electricity system; Southeast Asia and South Asia are foreign-trade dependence, government regulatory quality, network and communication system level; Central and Eastern Europe are the level of economic development, the government regulatory quality, electricity and network system level.

Measuring the carbon emissions of summer tourism for urban elderly residents in mountainous areas (STUER) and understanding the cultural driving factors behind it, are of great significance for enriching low-carbon tourism path choices adapted to China. This study takes the typical summer tourism destination of Wuling Mountain in Southeast Chongqing as an example, based on the perspective of “destination and generation cities”, calculates the difference in carbon emissions between “summer tourism in mountainous areas” and “living at home”. We applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) to study the cultural drivers of summer vacation in the mountains for elderly urban residents. This study found that: (1) Compared with “living at home”, STUER can achieve obvious carbon reduction of 2.367-3.807 kg/day per person with obvious carbon reduction benefits. Although carbon emissions increase in the segments of transportation and additional hospitality facilities, STUER can significantly reduce carbon emissions in both energy consumption and catering, resulting in overall carbon emissions reduction. (2) The two-dimensional model based on the guidance of “internal needs and external incentives” and “traditional Chinese Confucian and Taoist philosophy”, give an explanatory effect on the influence of traditional Chinese culture for motivation of STUER. (3) The philosophical ideas and life concepts of “Taoism and nature”, “harmony with group orientation”, “tranquility and self-cultivation” and “cultivate oneself and keep the family in order” in traditional Chinese culture can further explain the cultural motivation of STUER. The study also indicates that STUER unconsciously become practitioners of low-carbon concepts and green consumption, which is internalized under the influence of traditional Chinese culture.

Keyworlds elderly tourism; summer vacationtourism; carbon-reduction benefits; tourism motivation; Chinese traditional culture; low-carbon tourism; Wuling Mountain Area

As a special night tourist attraction, Car Boot Sale is valued for effectively providing urban flexible employment, promoting consumption, boosting economic development, and enriching the good life of the city, but the collective characteristics of their practitioners as well as the mechanisms of their entry and exit behaviors are not yet known. This paper adopts a qualitative research method to study the motivation and behavioral characteristics of Car Boot Sale practitioners, and the specific findings are as follows: (1) Matching the practitioners’ motivation for capital accumulation with macro policies, their original skills with the requirements of the profession, and their social needs with the cultural atmosphere are an important condition for their entry into Car Boot Sale. (2) The sustainable operation of Car Boot Sale practitioners is mainly related to the elements of personal skills, social relations and capital. With the accumulation and development of these elements, the circle of relational connections formed with the three elements as the core expands outward to form a larger trade alliance, reflecting the characteristics of clustering and its economic scale. (3) The exit of the Car Boot Sale practitioners is the consequence of the weakening of the three major elements in the operation, and the increase or decrease of one element will affect the other two elements increase or decrease accordingly. This study provides a basis for the positioning, policy formulation and practitioner management of informal tourism economy development in China.

The Mongolian Plateau Grassland Road is an important international transportation channel and tourist route. The green development of the areas along the road can provide useful reference for the green Belt and Road construction and China-Mongolia green development cooperation. Based on the theory of green development, this article constructs an evaluation index system for green development level, which includes five subsystems: ecological environment quality, green economy, resource conservation and utilization, ecological and social development, and green city construction. A comprehensive evaluation model is used to quantitatively evaluate the green development level of 10 areas along the Mongolian Plateau Grassland Road from 2010 to 2019. The results show that (1) At the end of the research period, the regional green development level presented a spatial characteristic of “high in the north and south, low in the middle”. The green development level of four cities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China in the south and Selenge Province and Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia in the north was relatively high, while the green development level of eastern Gobi Province, Gobi Sumbeier Province, Central Province, and Darhanool Province in Mongolia, which borders China and Mongolia in the central region, was relatively low. (2) The level of green development in four cities in Inner Mongolia of China and the capital city of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, has been increasing year by year. Gobi Sumbeir Province in Mongolia has seen a decline in recent years, while the other four regions in Mongolia have shown a very slow upward trend. (3) According to the evaluation results of green development level in the years 2010-2019, the evaluation units are roughly divided into three categories: leading type, catching-up type and slow development type. The main causes of the differences involve resource and environmental conditions, degree of opening up and policy system, etc. Based on this, it is suggested to clarify the development priorities in different types of areas, vigorously promote green tourism, optimize the layout of urban systems, comprehensively deepen international cooperation, and jointly promote the process of regional green development.

The adaptiveness of tourism economic efficiency and resilience is the core issue to improve the anti-risk ability and operational efficiency of the tourism industry and achieve high-quality development. In this paper, the super-efficiency EBM model and the genetic algorithm projection tracing model were used to measure the tourism economic efficiency and resilience of China’s provincial-level regions from 2006 to 2021, respectively, and the interaction between the two was revealed by the Panel Vector Auto-Regressive (PVAR) model and the random forest regression model. The results show that: (1) the efficiency and resilience of China’s tourism economy show an upward trend, but with different fluctuation characteristics, namely large fluctuations in efficiency and relatively stable resilience. There are obvious differences in the spatial evolution characteristics of the two regions, with the distribution of high-efficiency areas showing the pattern of “random distribution-southwest aggregation”, and the distribution of high-resilience areas showing the characteristics of “point-line distribution-eastern coastal agglomeration”. (2) There is a significant two-way causal relationship between tourism economic efficiency and resilience, and both have a self-reinforcing mechanism. The importance of efficiency to resilience is greater than that of resilience to efficiency, and the improvement of efficiency has a more significant long-term promotion effect on resilience. (3) The market size and informatization level have the greatest impact on the efficiency and resilience of tourism economy. (4) The random forest regression model reveals the nonlinear relationship between tourism economic efficiency and resilience with “smooth-promotion-convergence” pattern. The findings of this study enrich the understanding of the relationship between tourism economic efficiency and resilience, and also provide a decision-making reference for improving the anti-risk ability of the tourism industry and promoting the high-quality development of the tourism industry.

With the development of tourism and information technology, the connotation of tourism landscape is continuously expanding. The “people” in tourist destinations have become tourism landscapes under the gaze of “self” and “others” in the tourism field, achieving a transformation from “physical people” to “landscape people”. Based on the development background of the digital society, this research analyzes the connotation of landscape people based on the gaze theory, constructs a life cycle curve model of the landscaping of people, and discusses its process. The research suggests that: (1) landscape people refer to residents, tourism service personnel, experiential tourists and tourism anchors (bloggers) who are attached to the unique cultural characteristics and symbols of the tourist destination in the tourism scenarios, and can meet the needs of tourist experience and gaze. (2) Landscaping of people is produced by tourism gaze, and with the development of tourist destinations, landscape reconstruction is constantly carried out, showing an “S” type evolutionary path, which is a process from “other construction” to “self-construction”. (3) With the development of the landscaping of people in tourism destinations, the degree of the landscaping of people will ultimately result in three results: positive landscaping, neutral landscaping, and negative landscaping. “Dialogue” is a way of adjusting from negative landscaping to positive landscaping and neutral landscaping. (4) The landscaping of people is the result of the joint action of internal and external factors, driven by multiple stakeholders. The research enriches the theoretical explanation of tourism landscape and tourism gaze, and also provides innovative practical ideas for the sustainable development of tourist destinations in the context of digital society.

Accelerating green and low-carbon transition has become an important anchor point for the high-quality development of China’s tourism industry. Based on Chinese inter-provincial panel data from 2004 to 2019, the super-slack value measurement (Super-SBM) model based on non-expected output, kernel density analysis, spatial autocorrelation model and spatial Markov chain method were applied comprehensively to outline the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of tourism carbon emission efficiency, and spatiotemporal geographically-weighted regression model was further employed to explore the spatiotemporal non-stationarity of the driving factors of tourism carbon emission efficiency. The results show that: (1) During the study period, the carbon emission efficiency of tourism industry at provincial level in China showed a fluctuating upward trend, but remained at an intermediate level in general ; its kernel density distribution pattern has roughly undergone a “bimodal-trimodal-bimodal” evolution process. (2) The spatial correlation characteristics of the carbon emission efficiency of tourism industry at provincial level in China were significant, and the provinces with the L-L spatial correlation type were mainly located in the central and western regions. In the Markov probability shift matrix, the type of carbon emission efficiency from tourism industry was relatively stable, and it is difficult to achieve a leapfrog shift in the short term, and the shift probability regarding the type of carbon emission efficiency from tourism industry in each region had obvious spatial dependence, and there was a phenomenon of “club convergence”. (3) There was significant spatiotemporal non-stationarity in the direction and intensity of the role of different driving factors on carbon emission efficiency of tourism industry, and the promoting role of urbanization and the environmental regulation intensity is gradually increasing. The carbon emission efficiency of the tourism industry in East China was mainly driven by the strength of environmental regulation and technological level of tourism industry, while in North China it was mainly driven by industrial structure, the intensity of environmental regulation, the technological level of tourism industry and other factors.

Awe is a psychological emotion experienced by individuals when confronting vast and sacred objects, while tourism awe refers to the special awe experience in tourism environment. Compared with daily environment, there exist more awe elicitors in tourism environment, which not only makes a difference to tourists’ physical experiences, but serves as a bridge between tourists and destinations to promote ecological civilization awareness and cultural confidence, and consequently helps to implement the practical education value of tourism. By analyzing the relevant literature, we propose the concept and research framework of tourism awe, analyze its nature and dimensions, and construct a general framework for the study, aiming to call attention to tourism awe. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Tourism awe is an immersive experience with multiple elements including perceived vastness and need for accommodation, which is triggered by tourism resources and its related imageries in real tourism environment, and interactive generation, physical and mental presence, dynamic diversity are the main characteristics of tourism awe; (2) Aesthetics, rationality, and faith are the three dimensions of tourism awe; (3) Cohesion of common values, cultivation of cultural self-confidence, and practice of ecological civilization are the three major functions of tourism awe; (4) Generation, assessment, effect, and mechanism of tourism awe is the main direction of future research, while identification of the induced sources, dimensions, results, and influencing factors of tourism awe is one of the key issues, and the logical relationship among the four constitutes the research framework of tourism awe. However, the participation of tourism studies in awe research is still insufficient, thus in the demand for further activation of tourism education function through tourism awe in practice cannot be effectively released. In the future, tourism awe should be further investigated in order to better understand and apply the realization path of tourism education function to promote the high-quality development of tourism industry.

The development and expansion of tourism market entities is of great value in improving people’s livelihood and welfare. Taking Zhangjiajie, a typical tourism city, as an example, the vertical-horizontal structure and stakeholder theory are integrated into the theoretical framework of the growth of tourism market entities to enhance people’s livelihood and welfare, and the evaluation index system of the two is constructed, using the entropy value method, matching degree, mediation effect model and grey correlation degree model, the measurement and path of the growth of tourism market entities to enhance people’s livelihood and welfare from 2002 to 2020 were studied. The results show that， (1) The level of tourism market entities and people’s livelihood and welfare shows a steady growth trend, but there are stage differences. Although the matching degree of the two fluctuations in the 3 stages, they are all at a high level. (2) The growth of tourism market entities can effectively improve people’s livelihood and welfare, among them, tourism revenue plays a partial mediating role. In the test of mediating effects, industrial structure has always been significantly positively correlated with people’s livelihood and welfare, the science and technology and urbanization level has the second highest impacts on improving people’s livelihood and welfare. (3) The various tourism market entities has different effects on people’s livelihood and welfare at different stages. In the early and middle stages, the benefit subjects play a leading role in improving people’s livelihood and welfare; in the later stage, the organization subjects have the best driving effect on people’s livelihood and welfare.

It is of great significance to analyze the spatio-temporal behavior characteristics of tourists for the planning and management of tourism in national parks. In this study, the spatio-temporal behavior characteristics of tourists with different travel modes were analyzed by using tourists’ GPS trajectories and marking points data, Open Street Map (OSM) road network and Point of Interest (POI) data of scenic spots in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, combined with the seasonal intensity index and relevant GIS spatial analysis. The results indicate that: (1) there are distinct seasonal characteristics in the travel time of tourists on foot, by bicycle, and by car. Tourists on foot and by bicycle mostly travel in winter, while tourists by car mainly travel in summer. Moreover, there are differences in the total mileage, total time, number of marking points, and average speed of tourists with different travel modes across different seasons. (2) Influenced by road traffic and scenic spots, the tourist marking points are unevenly distributed in space, and the marking points of tourists on foot are scattered as a whole and gathered locally, while the marking points of tourists by bicycle and car are more concentrated. (3) The trajectories of tourists on foot are the most widely and densely distributed in the national park, while the trajectories of tourists by bicycle and car are mainly distributed in Wuzhishan area with good road construction. Based on the research results, relevant suggestions are put forward for optimization of the pattern and sustainable development of tourism in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.

The pursuit of well-being is an important element of people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. With the increasing weight of ecological environment in people’s life well-being index, it is of great significance to pay attention to the well-being of tourists in eco-tourism destinations. However, at present, there are limited relevant studies on well-being involving eco-tourism and eco-tourists. Based on the content analysis method, this study takes Wuyishan Scenery District, a world cultural and natural heritage site, as a case to explore the influencing factors and action paths of tourists’ well-being in eco-tourism destinations, so as to provide reference for the research on the correlation between eco-tourism and tourists’ well-being. The findings are as follows: (1) From the perspective of objective factors, the aesthetic quality of natural landscape and the management ability of tourist destination play an important role in improving tourist satisfaction and positive emotion, and they jointly promote the formation of tourists’ well-being in eco-tourism destinations; (2) From the perspective of subjective factors, the formation of tourist well-being is mainly achieved through the acquisition of subjective experience elements such as active tourism emotion, positive inter-subjective relationship, subjective environment control, subjective potential stimulation, subjective meaning pursuit, subjective physical and mental input, and subjective activity participation; (3) The formation path of tourists’ well-being in eco-tourism destinations includes three action paths: positive emotion type with obtaining positive emotion as the core, environmental control type with selecting suitable environment as the core, and meaning acquisition type with achieving life purpose and meaning as the core. The study suggested that eco-tourism destinations should strengthen ecological protection, improve management services and enrich eco-tourism products to enhance tourists’ well-being, so as to promote the coordinated development of supply and demand between ecotourism products and ecotourists.

The identification of desert tourism suitable area (DTSA) is the primary condition and basis for site selection to promote the development of desert tourism. The study established a DTSA evaluation index system by comprehensively integrating regional tourism development support conditions, ecological constraints, and the maximum marginal benefits of economic and social development. Taking Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) as a case study, the paper carries out the grading optimization of evaluation factors based on the regional conditions, thus realizing the construction of the DTSA model and conducting the spatial identification and empirical test. The results show that: natural factors, transportation accessibility, elemental support and industrial promotion are the four dimensions constituting the DTSA; among which natural factors and transportation accessibility have greater influence weights. The periphery of low altitude and low slope desert, along with the sufficient water sources, developed transportation road network and rich source markets are the distribution areas with high suitability for desert tourism in Xinjiang, and the identification results coincide with the selection of sites for 77.78% of the established national desert parks in Xinjiang. The DTSA evaluation system and identification method proposed in the study can provide some reference for desert tourism resource development.

Short videos have become a crucial tool for publicized tourism destinations, however, quantifying the symbols perception of short videos scientifically remains a challenging research area. In this study, drawing on the Symbolic Interaction Theory and focusing on the context of ethnic villages tourism, we develop a measurement scale for symbols perception through a combination of content analysis and quasi-experimental methods. The results show that: (1) Symbols in tourism short videos of ethnic villages can be divided into three categories: characters, images, and sounds. (2) The symbols perception in tourism short videos of ethnic villages can be measured across eight dimensions, including blogger symbols, village residents’ symbols, tourist symbols, ethnic cultural symbols, landscape symbols, textual symbols, music symbols and language symbols. (3) Symbols perception related to village residents and ethnic culture have the greatest impact, and the predictive validity of character symbols perception on tourism intention is significantly higher than that of image and sound symbol perception. Empirical research on symbol perception in the field of tourism short videos clarifies the dimensions of symbol perception in the context of ethnic village tourism, deepening the understanding of audience symbols perception, and providing important theoretical basis for marketing communication of ethnic village destinations on short video platforms.

Employment is the first priority of the livelihood projects. The digital economy has accelerated the digital transformation of the cultural & tourism industry, which has continuously generated new employment forms and flexible employment methods. This paper analyzes the mechanism by which the digital economic development affects the scale and structure of cultural & tourism employment from the theoretical and empirical perspectives. The results show that: (1) the creation effect of digital economic development is greater than the substitution effect of that on cultural & tourism employment; (2) the digital economy not only expands the scale of cultural & tourism employment by enhancing the attractiveness of the cultural & tourism market, but also prompts an increase in the proportion of cultural & tourism employees with higher digital skills and human capital content, which in turn improves the matching rate of the cultural & tourism labor market and promotes the optimization of the cultural & tourism employment structure; (3) there are differences in the effects generated by different levels of the digital economy on the scale of cultural & tourism employment, with the greatest impact of the digital foundation layer, the less impact of the digital application layer, and the least impact of digital technology layer; (4) in terms of the differences in the effects of the digital economy on regions and skill groups at different stages of development, the development of the digital economy is conducive to the optimization of the cultural & tourism employment structure in regions with low digital economic development level and low-skilled groups. This research helps to deepen the understanding of the intrinsic relationship between the digital economy and cultural & tourism employment, and better promote the high-quality development of culture & tourism.

The inquiry on the nature of culture and tourism has never been interrupted in the academic communities, but barely from the perspective of extra-disciplinary communication and dialogue. Based on the 4Ss space theory of geography and the 4Ps creativity theory of psychology, the article deconstructs the 8Ps creativity theory into an 8-dimensional intersubjective space, and in this regard integrates a new concept, creativity space, to reinterpret the essence of culture and tourism. It is believed that: (1) creativity space is the space where creativity and space modify and define each other, and jointly form the space of development and evolution; it is the space where creativity is embedded in spatiality and spatiality implies creativity, and the space where subjectivity and objectivity are interacting with each other in a dualistic way and transforming each other into the space of subjectivity or intersubjectivity. (2) Taking creativity space as a prism, problems have been reflected, such as neglecting creativity, insufficient understanding of spatiality, magnified cultural boundaries and narrowed tourism boundaries in the existing knowledge of the nature of culture and tourism. (3) Creativity eliminates the antagonism between tourism and work, pointing to the process of creativity; spatiality gives culture a spatial composition of “4·8” dimensions, pointing to the products and results of creativity; and subject-object interactions and mutual transformations of duality provide the basis for symmetrical analyses of culture and tourism. (4) The essence of culture is spatiality, and the essence of tourism is creativity; the essence of the relationship between culture and tourism is dualistic, and the essence is the formation, development and cyclic evolution of creativity. The concept of creativity space not only provides a self-consistent theoretical explanation for re-understanding the nature of culture and tourism, but also provides new perspectives for their seriousness cognition, disciplinary construction, integration and development, and explanation of working mechanism.

The enhancement of household livelihood resilience is a crucial task for improving the sustainable development capacity of rural tourism destinations. In this paper, cultural adaptability is incorporated into the analytical framework and measurement indicators for household livelihood resilience. Two typical rural tourism destinations in Yunnan Dali are selected as case studies. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regression models are employed to measure the level of household livelihood resilience and analyze its influencing factors. The results show that: (1) There are significant differences in buffering capacity, cultural adaptability, self-organization, and learning abilities among households in rural tourism destinations, affected by factors like cultural self-confidence, policy awareness, and cultural ownership. (2) Savings capacity, policy awareness, and cultural self-confidence are the main factors causing differences in livelihood resilience in the case destinations. (3) Households in rural destinations that focus on tapping and utilizing traditional cultural resources while adopting diverse livelihood plans generally exhibit stronger livelihood resilience. The paper analyzes the significant role of cultural adaptability in improving the theory of livelihood resilience and enhancing household livelihood recovery capabilities. Based on these findings, the paper suggests enhancing household livelihood resilience in rural tourism destinations through cultural recovery, precise tourism governance, and optimization of livelihood plans.

The analysis of the complex structure evolution of regional tourism economic spatial networks in existing studies is insufficient, and the joint influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on network evolution has not been analyzed. Taking the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as an case, this paper selects the years 2000, 2010 and 2019 as time cross-sections, and uses complex network method and Stochastic Actor-oriented Model (SAOM) to reveal the structural evolution and endogenous and exogenous factors of the tourism economic spatial network in the YRD. The results show that: (1) the spatial network of tourism economy in the YRD does not exhibit scale-free characteristics in 2000 and 2019, but shows scale-free nature in 2010. The small-world characteristics of the network remain unchanged over time, demonstrating a certain degree of stability. (2) The network forms four communities across all three time sections, and the spatial relative positions of communities remain largely unchanged. (3) The formation and evolution of the tourism economic spatial network in the YRD are the result of the synergistic influence of endogenous and exogenous driving factors. In terms of endogenous network structure, it is significantly influenced by the transitive triads configura-tions, with tourism economic relations between cities evolving towards a triad closure. (4) In terms of node attributes, cities with high levels of transportation, economies development, and superior tourism resources are more likely to establish tourism economic connections with other cities. (5) In terms of inter-node relationship attributes, geographical and organizational proximity have a significant driving effect on the tourism economic connections between cities, while institutional and cultural proximity have a negative impact. This paper has great significance in providing supplementary insights into the impact of endogenous structural dynamics on spatial networks of tourism economy.

Ancient roads are important linear tourist destinations and typical cultural memory space. It is of great significance to clarify the process and internal mechanism of tourists’ cultural memory perception of the ancient road for promoting the deep integration of culture and tourism and revitalizing the ancient road tourism destinations. Based on the theory of cultural memory and from the perspective of tourists, this article explores the dimensions, characteristics, and paths of cultural memory perception in ancient tourist destinations along the Hui-Hang Ancient Road. The study concludes that: (1) the cultural memory perception of Hui-Hang Ancient Road consists of five parts, namely, time dimension, space dimension, cultural dimension, emotional dimension and body dimension, among which the body dimension is a necessary component of memory perception, and the body, emotion and cultural memory are inextricably linked to each other, and there exists a “body and emotion-cultural memory” transformation mechanism. (2) The cultural memory perception of Hui-Hang Ancient Road is characterized by significant spatial and temporal differences, body and emotion interaction, and cultural coupling. (3) The cultural perception path of Hui-Hang Ancient Road includes text system, intention system and ritual system, and the tourists form a multi-dimensional and circular cultural memory perception path under the stimulation of these three types of systems.

With diverse types of tourism resources, the current national standards for resource classification are difficult to fully apply to all specific scenarios. Taking marine tourism resources as an example, this study explores the classification system construction ideas and methods for theme-oriented tourism resources, and empirically tests them in Penglai District in Yantai City, which is a coastal tourist destination and the Changdao Marine Ecological Civilization Comprehensive Experimental Area, an island tourist destination. The study finds that: (1) the construction of a theme-oriented tourism resources classification system can be achieved based on the idea of “attribute cognition, knowledge acquisition, relationship construction”. Attribute cognition, through the differentiation of the heterogeneity of conceptual connotation and spatial range, can define the type category of theme-oriented tourism resources. Knowledge acquisition, through the extraction of type concepts and their relationships, can provide a knowledge base for the construction of theme-oriented tourism resources classification. Relationship building, based on the “line-surface” combined classification method, establishes the hierarchical and inter-layer relationships of types, thereby constructing a classification system for theme-oriented tourism resources. (2) The classification methods for theme-oriented tourism resources can be summarized as: the classification of major categories based on the cognition of resource heterogeneity, the classification of main categories based on three methods of national standard citation, national standard recombination, and characteristic improvement. The classification of subcategories introduces the faceted classification, and the classification of basic categories based on the multidimensional attributes of types. (3) The case study empirically constructs a classification system for marine tourism resources composed of four levels, and the verification confirms that the proposed ideas and methods have strong scientific and applicability in constructing a theme-oriented tourism resources classification system. This study enriches the cognition and methods of tourism resource classification system, which can provide scientific reference for the research and practice of tourism resources protection and utilization.