The Tourism Law of the People’s Republic of China (referred to as the Tourism Law) is a comprehensive legislation that integrates the promotion law, the supervision law, and the transaction law, which makes basic institutional arrangement to ensure and promote the standardized and efficient operation of the tourism industry. Taking the 10th anniversary of the implementation of the Tourism Law as an opportunity, this article starts from the main chapters of the Tourism Law, discusses the new situation and new business forms, the deepening of three-dimensional supervision and special projects, the promotion of planning and the standardi-zation of tourism attractions, the guarantee of tourists’ wellbeing and the way of private law reform, and then puts forward suggestions on future directions for the revision of the Tourism Law. The paper suggests that: (1) the comprehensive leveraging mechanism of tourism needs to be optimized urgently. It is required to increase the interpretation of tourism rights, promote the transformation of legislative spirit towards collaborative development, strengthen attention and guidance to new business formats, and improve relevant supporting and implementation rules. We need to adhere to the principle of inclusiveness and prudence, and closely monitor the development of new tourism formats. (2) It is necessary to strengthen and optimize the multi-dimensional supervision of tourism from the entire process, all-round, multi-body, multi-modality and multi-discipline; to deepen tourism safety supervision, and further clarify the safety supervision responsibilities of tourism administrative departments and other departments concerned, the governance system for high-risk tourism projects, and the safety responsibilities of online tourism operators; to strengthen the supervision of tourism ecological impact. (3) It is required to optimize the formulation system of special tourism planning and establish the principle of adapting tourism land to national land classification. (4) It is necessary to study and formulate the regulations on tourism attractions to solve issues such as licensing of tourism resources development, legal procedures for tourism attractions opening up, and responsibility boundaries of tourism attractions. (5) It is necessary to establish a legal guarantee to meet the needs of tourists for a better life and safeguard their sense of happiness from the perspectives of tourist destinations, tourism operators, tourism practitioners, and tourists. (6) It is urgent to explore and solve the problems of weak operability, poor development and excessive localization of tourism private law from the direction of standardization, soft law configuration and internationalization.

The relationship between regional economy and tourism development is a key issue in the scientific interpretation of quality tourism economic development. Taking the Yangtze River Basin as the research object, this study constructs an allometric growth model of regional economy-tourism scale and explores the spatiotemporal correlation characteristics and allometric growth level transition process of regional economy-tourism scale from 2010 to 2019 using exploratory spatial analysis methods. The results show that: (1) The regional economy and tourism scale in the Yangtze River Basin show a trend of ‘high in the southeast and low in the northwest’, and their spatiotemporal correlation indicates a temporal stability and spatial heterogeneity. There are inter-basin differences and intra-basin differences in the upper, middle and lower reaches. (2) The longitudinal (time) scale factor of the regional economy-tourism scale in the Yangtze River Basin shows a fluctuating trend of first rising and then falling. The allometric growth relationship is dominated by the regional economy growing faster than tourism. Horizontally (space), positive allometry dominates overall. The evolution of allometric growth level has the characteristics of ‘overall stability with regional fluctuations’, with greater changes in the upper and middle reaches and more stability in the lower reaches. (3) The change in allometric growth level of regional economy-tourism scale in Yangtze River Basin is mainly characterized by upward transforming from negative to positive allometry levels. Tourism development has a significant promoting effect on regional and economy for most areas. The allometric relationship between regional economy-tourism scale reveals complex internal connections between tourism and economic development, providing theoretical support for achieving high-quality development of river basin tourism economy.

As a tourism form relying on the material and cultural heritages of regional industrial activities, industrial heritage tourism is deeply affected by the spatial layout, production and organization pattern of industrial activities. Industrial geography has also become an important discipline basis for the practices and researches of industrial heritage tourism on the resources distribution, development mode, and spatial organization. Based on the study of spatial layout features of state industrial heritage projects in China, this paper demonstrates the main factors influencing the distribution of industrial heritage. This paper argues that the industrial location theory studies the spatial layout and scientific mechanism of industrial activities from the perspective of theory and practice, which can provide theoretical support for understanding and analyzing the spatial layout of industrial heritage. Industrial sector geography focuses on the study of the production and spatial distribution characteristics, production organization mode and location characteristics of different industrial sectors, which can provide a theoretical basis for understanding the resource form and development mode of industrial heritage. Regional industrial geography, which focuses on the close relationship between industrial development and regional socio-economic elements and spatial organization, will provide an important theoretical basis for the research on the value mining, development and protection mode of industrial heritage, as well as the interactive relationship between industrial heritage development and urban and regional development. Finally, from the perspective of industrial geography theory and method innovation, this paper put forward four scientific questions to be concerned of industrial heritage tourism research as follows: focusing on the research on the spatial distribution of industrial heritage tourism resources and its influencing factors, studying the tourism developing mode of industrial heritage resources based on the characteristics of regional industrial development, paying attention to the interaction between industrial form of industrial heritage tourism and regional economic development; and researching integrated development mechanism of industrial heritage tourism resources and regional tourism industry.

Industrial heritage has become an increasingly attractive new tourism resource with its unique tourism value, and it is an important basis for scientific guidance of industrial heritage inheritance and utilization to build an index system for industrial heritage tourism value assessment. Based on the literature analysis, we propose a framework of components and index system for industrial heritage tourism value assessment, and we use 22 national industrial heritages in Northeast China as an example for measurement and verification. The results show that: (1) Industrial heritage tourism value assessment components include inherent value, market value, and environmental factors; inherent value is the intrinsic value of industrial heritage, market value is the external tourism development value, environmental factors are the constraints of tourism development, and the components interact with each other. (2) Industrial heritage tourism value assessment index system includes 3 criterion layers of inherent value, market value, and environmental factors and 14 specific indicators such as recreation value, location degree, and pollution degree. The industrial heritage tourism value is obtained through the expert evaluation method, entropy method, and comprehensive index method. (3) The 22 national industrial heritage tourism values in Northeast China are relatively consistent with the current situation and actual situation of the industrial heritage development. The index system follows the concept and connotation of industrial heritage as a tourism resource, and highlights its tourism value. It is significant to provide theoretical support for the formulation of national industrial heritage tourism value assessment standards and provide decision-making reference for the timing and grade arrangement of industrial heritage tourism development and utilization.

Place meaning reflects “the value and significance of the environment to the individual”. The transformation of industrial heritage sites into tourist destination brings about the change of the original place meaning. This paper takes the Beamish Museum as the research object and uses tourists’ comments from Tripadvisor as the research text. Informed by the constructive grounded theory, the research adopts the coding technique to identify the dimensions of the place meaning of the industrial heritage site, and to construct the dimension model of the place meaning. The study found that the place meaning of industrial heritage sites is formed from three interactive levels of “self”, “society” and “environment”, and the place meaning is composed of inherent material meaning, instrumental significance, social and cultural meaning and identity expressive meaning from the outside to the inside. This paper constructs the model of place meaning of industrial heritage sites and provides support for the theoretical research and managerial practices of industrial heritage sites in the future.

In the current industrial heritage movement, heritages have gradually become a new type of consumer enclave or monumental industrial holy site that is dis-embedded from the development of heritage communities. The community is the primary environment of a heritage, and the emotional relationship between the community and a heritage's history, memory, knowledge and identity constitutes an important challenge to the conservation, utilization and sustainable development of a heritage. From the theoretical perspective of traumatic memory, based on a comprehensive analysis of factory records of state-owned large-scale industrial enterprises, network texts, and interview texts of workers, this paper aims to reveal the mechanism of traumatic memory affecting community identity and heritage conservation in Tiexi District of Shenyang. It is found that the lack of understanding of the heritage’s emotional value in the process of industrial heritage conservation and the lack of interaction with the community are reasons for the community to treat the industrial heritage as a foreign culture. Influenced by the environment, body and cultural trauma, the community forms the traumatic memory of the heritage, which makes the meaning of the heritage site reconstructed and become a “love-hate” painful place. As an important factor affecting community industrial cultural identity, traumatic memory will limit community participation and action in heritage conservation. This paper argues that the contradictory and detrimental features of industrial heritage should be recognized, and envisaged, presented and responded to; We should value the identity of community as the primary environment of heritage and rebuild the relationship between community and heritage; Through oral history, witness literature, collective narration, tourism exhibition and other ways, trauma can be declared and fully explained, so as to establish the connection between the past and the present, thus the “victims” can depart from the memory dilemma and form a heritage identity. This will help the industrial heritage grow into the common heritage of the society, and achieve the sustainable development of heritage conservation and utilization through the collaboration of community and power, capital, and professional knowledge.

Women workers are important participants in industrial production and have a significant impact on industrial production and society life. The value of women workers is the integral element for meaning reconstruction and value expression of industrial heritage usage in tourism development. In this research, data of media information and visitors’ comments of four representative textile museums were collected, then they were used to explore the display features of female workers’ value in the industrial heritage tourism by comparing the information presented at the input and output ends of display and interpretation system. The research found that information transmission of female workers in the textile museum is very limited, indicating the lack of female role, the shortage of content, the simplicity of display forms with the major impacting factors from the static narrative system, the lack of personal awareness and gender perspective, and the limitation of technologies. The significance of heritage lies in value expression and transmission. In this process of constructing the presentation and interpretation of industrial heritages, a tempo dimension should be considered; in respect of content, special value regarding female workers should be further minded; meanwhile, the life scenarios of female workers should be restored, and effects of interaction and participation should be strengthened, with the purpose of showing the contribution of women to the core value of industrial heritage in a general yet authentic manner. As an explorative study on the presentation and interpretation of industrial heritage, this paper advocates scholars and practitioners to value the industrial heritage’s presentation and interpretation and to concern the female group in the development of tourism products.

In the context of COVID-19, tourist destinations are facing the dual pressure of restoring tourism development and epidemic prevention and control. Residents are one of the core stakeholder groups in tourist destinations, and their attitude towards tourism is an important factor affecting the recovery of tourism. In this paper, residents’ government trust and perception of COVID-19 risk were taken as antecedent variables, and the destination social responsibility was taken as moderating variable to construct a resident tourism support model under the background of normalizing the epidemic. Residents of Bole, a border city, were selected as survey objects, and structural equation was used to empirically test the model. It is found that: (1) Residents’ government trust has a direct positive effect on tourism support, and can also indirectly affect residents’ tourism support by reducing residents’ risk perception; (2) The destination social responsibility has a significant positive moderating effect on the residents’ relationship between government trust and risk perception, that is, the residents’ awareness of destination social responsibility strengthens the negative effect of residents’ government trust on risk perception; (3) The destination social responsibility has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between residents’ government trust and tourism support. The study suggests that government trust is an important factor influencing residents’ support for tourism development in China under the background of COVID-19 normalization, and the destination social responsibility will reinforce the importance of this factor.

The cultural value of the scene has the function of gathering creative people and promoting the transformation of space under the shift of consumption pattern. Identifying the cultural value of scenes in historic blocks is conducive to promoting the spatial vitality as well as urban renewal development. Based on the theory of scenes and grounded theory, this paper identified the culture value of scenes on Pingjiang Road through empirical analysis. Then, it constructed a method of cultural value identification of scenes that is applicable to historic blocks. The results indicate that: (1) The charisma and traditionalism of Pingjiang Road are highlighted, forming a glamourous localized and experiential space. (2) The cultural value of scenes in historic blocks can be identified by 25 indicators in three dimensions, including legitimacy, theatricality, and authenticity. (3) Amenities in historic blocks cover three categories: natural landscape, culture, and consumer entertainment facilities. Amenities and environmental atmosphere constitute the “form” and “rhythm” of the scene respectively. Then, they are converted into “sense” through perception/cognition, consumption, and personal information processing, namely, individual emotional memory, and thus we can identify the cultural value of the scene. This paper expands the application of scene theory in historic blocks through the identification of scenes’ cultural values. It is also useful for measuring the differences between scene characteristics and planning orientation in Pingjiang historic block.

Based on tourism area life cycle theory, this study takes 9 historical streets in different tourism life cycles in Wuhan as the study areas, and explores the impact of residents’ identity in those areas on their tourism development intention through qualitative data analysis, and makes a comparative analysis of the streets in different life cycles. The results show that residents’ identity mainly influences their tourism development intention from the aspects of emotional factors, economic factors, social environmental factors, tourism development factors and cultural factors. With the combination between the identity strength (weak or strong) and the attitudinal intention (positive or negative) of tourism development, residents can be divided into four types of identity-intention types: “active advocates”, “traditional adherents”, “economic elites” and “non-participants”. In different historical streets with different stages of tourism area life cycle, the impact of residents’ identity on their tourism development intention is different. In the streets at participation and consolidation stage, “traditional adherents” are the majority; in the streets at development stage, “active advocates” are dominant; at the consolidation stage, there are both “active advocates” and “non-participants”, and the conflict between them is particularly intensive. Finally, according to the types and characteristics of residents at different stages of tourism area life cycle, some suggestions on promoting the development and protection of community tourism are put forward.

Historic districts preserve diverse urban cultures with the key material representation of cultural landscapes. Over the past 40 years, historic districts have undergone a large-scale regeneration and utilization for the rapid urbanization and industrialization. When historical districts turn into tourism attractions, symbolization has become the dominant logic of tourism development and space reconstruction. Adopting the semiotics and grounded theory, this study aims to analyze the expression of symbolic meaning and to delineate the symbol construction and its interpretation system in Qianmen Street with photographic data from Mafengwo, one of the main online tourist communities in China. The result shows that: various types of symbols represent Qianmen Street, including index symbols, architectural symbols, street symbols, and commercial symbols. The functional diversification and transformation of urban position serve as the specific scenario for symbol construction and interpretation, which involved multiple stakeholder groups and differ in ways of construction with different values of the symbols. Symbol interpretation requires tourist participation physically. The research indicates that the meaning has been accepted and interpreted correctly when tourists’ symbols match stakeholders’ symbols.

Historical and cultural blocks are not only important landmarks of urban culture, but also important resources for tourism development. They become important practical scenario for the integration of culture and tourism in the new era. Tunxi Old Street and Liyang Street are selected as representatives of traditional and reconstructed historical and cultural blocks, which are both located in Tunxi District, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, and adjacent to each other. From the perspective of semiotics, this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the integration of culture and tourism in historical and cultural blocks. Empirical analysis shows that both the traditional and reconstructed historical and cultural blocks have formed cultural and tourism symbols in six aspects: thematic position, culture and tourism value, spatial layout, physical carriers, business types and tourism service. The former is dominated by traditional cultural symbols, while the latter is dominated by modern tourism symbols; obvious differences exist between two types of historical and cultural blocks in their uniqueness, prominence, integration and adaptability of cultural and tourism symbols. The uniqueness of local culture and the adaptability to tourism development are the specific features respectively of the former and the latter blocks. This paper, thus, puts forward tourism-oriented paths in traditional historical and cultural blocks and culture-oriented paths in the reconstructed historical and cultural blocks. These two types of blocks should strengthen the symbolization of cultural resources, diversification of resource functions, integration of symbol space and presentation of cultural symbols, which consequently promotes the value of cultural products and the quality of tourism services, so as to achieve the sustainable development of historical and cultural blocks.

Ignoring workation is the root reason that mountain tourism has not been developed to an internationally expected level. In terms of the conceptual framework of workation by Uriely N. (2000, 2001), this article firstly consents that both workation and mountain tourism had synchronously originated from the Grand Tour, and secondly finds the workation turn in mountain areas aiming to the transformation of tourists and host residents through co-learning and co-creating, which indicates the workation features of mountain tourism. The Tibet-pair aiding is a special workation type in China. This article summarizes the five characteristics of workation existing in mountain tourism: the hardship caused by the complicated topographical condition and oppression caused by contextual condition, the culture related to political structure and power, the creative feature induced by cultural and environmental diversity, the spiritual value orientation of tourists driven by individual motivation, and the theoretical pursuits that is difficult to be explained and understood. Accordingly, this article suggests to explore the sustainable high-quality mountain tourism development in the following four aspects, such as the leading development through culture construction, the innovative development through value and spiritual experience led by red tourism, the modernized development through industrial cluster agglomeration and efficient integration, and the opening development through brand construction and reputation management. This article also suggests to leverage the duality of the oneness and complementarity of leisure and work, leisure tourism and workation, thus providing new thoughts of workation that surpass the singularity of the industrial thinking for the sustainable and high-quality development of mountain tourism.

To explore the development mechanism of mountain tourism from the perspective of the shift from institutional constraints and economic incentives to cultural consciousness will help clarify the original driving force of mountain tourism development and form a sustainable development model of mountain tourism. By exploring the relationship between cultural consciousness and tourism development, this paper investigates the internal mechanism of mountain tourism development driven by cultural consciousness. At the same time, the paper employs Bourdieu’s field theory for analysis, and selects the Yulong Snow Mountain Scenic Spot in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province as an example to conduct field research on the government workers, residents, tourism practitioners and tourists. The research shows that: (1) Cultural consciousness can drive the development of mountain tourism, which originates from the self-inspection in the context of subject-object interaction. (2) The transformation of cultural capital and the adjustment of habitual habits are the specific process of cultural consciousness driving the development of mountain tourism. (3) The creative transformation of the value of tourism resources and the perceived update of the supply content by tourists are the results of cultural consciousness driving the development of mountain tourism. (4) The shaping of the “culture-people-tourism” relationship chain is the core of cultural consciousness driving the development of mountain tourism. (5) The realization from cultural consciousness to development autonomy is the essence of cultural consciousness driving the development of mountain tourism. The research extends the application of cultural consciousness in mountain tourism studies, and also provides new ideas and references for the high-quality development of mountain scenic tourism in ethnic areas.

This paper introduces the relative deprivation as a moderator to construct a structural model involving community participation, perception of empowerment, perception of disempowerment and social well-being. Taking Langde Village in Leishan County, Guizhou Province as an example, this paper empirically analyzes the influence of enterprise intervention on the social well-being of residents in ethnic tourism villages. The results show that: (1) Community participation has a significantly positive impact on the social well-being of village residents. (2) The perception of empowerment has significant positive impact and the perception of disempowerment has significant negative impact on social well-being of village residents. (3) The perception of empowerment and disempowerment partially mediates the impact of community involvement on social well-being of village residents. (4) Relative deprivation negatively moderates the impact of perception of empowerment and disempowerment on the social well-being of village residents. The above conclusions prove the tourism impact of the difference between community involvement and power perception on the social psychological state of village residents has been enhanced after enterprise intervention from the perspective of social well-being. This study confirms that enterprise intervention affects the social well-being of village residents through two paths after: “community involvement→perception of empowerment→social well-being” and “community involvement→perception of disempowerment→social well-being”. It reveals that the influence of power perception on social well-being after enterprise intervention is different among village residents with different relative deprivation, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of the influence on social well-being of residents in tourist destinations. It also provides practical guidance for the sustainable development of ethnic village tourism after the intervention of enterprises.

Adopting the CiteSpace knowledge graph method, this paper analyzes the research progress of international ethnic tourism in recent 30 years through Web of Science database. The research results show that the hot spots of international ethnic tourism research have evolved from the concept definition to the sustainable development of ethnic tourism destination and then to the community response of ethnic tourism destination, which can be divided into three stages: exploring, developing and deepening. The research topics mainly focus on the following six areas: the evaluation of the sustainability of ethnic tourism destinations, the authenticity of ethnic tourism, the politicization of ethnic tourism, the cultural heritage of ethnic tourism, the management of ethnic tourism communities and the cultural management of ethnic tourism destinations. It is suggested that academia in China should strengthen the policy orientation, problem orientation and academic foresight of ethnic tourism research, emphasize research on high-quality development and the cultural authenticity of ethnic tourism destinations, as well as cultural stress and cultural resilience of ethnic tourism destinations, thus to accelerate the construction of ethnic tourism research academic discourse system with Chinese characteristics.

The tourism region is a functional area that formed in the process of regional tourism development, which is affected by administrative division and the borders between those regions. The spreading of all-for-one tourism and the strengthening of the relationship between different tourism regions have made the synergetic development across the administrative region and regional tourism an impelling issue. This paper analyzes the coupling relationship between administrative division and regional tourism from the perspective of trans-administrative-region tourism collaboration and trans-administrative-region integration; proposes the rigid constraint effect informed by the administrative-region economic theory and potential theory, implying that the problem of the imbalance of tourism development between different administrative regions and the disconformity of the management are difficult to be solved in limited time. Meanwhile, the disconformity between the administrative region and the tourism regions leads to the human and cultural heterogeneity of the development of different tourism regions, which varied in supporting the development and management of tourism functional regions, thus the imbalance of the developing level and conflicts of those regions and the disharmony state of regional areas regarding the human-planet relations. Five research focuses are proposed by the research: The exploration of theoretical and policy innovation in promoting the collaboration between administrative regions and regional tourism; the assessment and reasons of the disconformity between administrative regions and tourism regions; the tempo-spatial process, effects and mechanism of the coupling between administrative regions and tourism regions; the path and mode for the collaborative development between administrative regions and regional tourism; and the reforms of administrative system and guarantee policy for trans-administrative-region tourism.

The fragmented “territorial management” mode is difficult to meet the development demands of cross-regional tourist destinations and the consumption demands of tourists. Adopting the research line of “case selection, mode summary and development suggestion” and the perspective of collaboration maturity, this paper selects three interregional tourism destinations in different stages of cooperation for analysis, and summarizes their development modes, specific measures and development experience. The results show that: The Hukou Waterfall tourist area of the Yellow River is the first successful cross-regional joint creation of 5A scenic spot in China, which belongs to the mature collaboration stage with a government-led multi-regional development mode. Wugong Mountain scenic spot is the first scenic spot in China to solve the problem of “one mountain, three governance modes” through coordinated legislation. It is located in the initiative stage, with a legislative-guaranteed and enterprise-unified-operation development mode. However, the cross-regional collaborative development of the Tiantangzhai scenic spot still remains undeveloped, and its development mode implies a mutual independent operation and superficial collaboration. The research also found that the development of mature cross-regional tourist destinations needs the top-level design of higher administrative level government; large strategic project significantly strengthens the regional cooperation willingness; regional cooperative legislation is an innovative means of collaborative development. Unified brand publicity and modern management are conducive to the mature development of tourist destinations.

As an interlocking area between adjacent administrative regions, the integrated natural geographical units within scenic spots are relatively fragmented due to the existence of administrative boundaries, making them a special type of regional spatial governance. This paper takes 306 5A-level scenic spots in China as the research objects, uses map data and GIS spatial analysis to draw the following conclusions: (1) There are 69 5A-level cross-boundary scenic spots in China, with an overall clustered spatial distribution pattern. (2) Cross-boundary scenic spots can be divided from the perspective of development purpose, type of primary resource, boundary scale and cross-boundary unit. Tourism development and management of different types of cross-boundary scenic spots are distinct. (3) There are four different manage-ment modes for cross-boundary scenic spots: government-led, multi-zone governance, manage-ment committee governance and enterprise-led. Each management mode has both periodical characteristics and common problems. Finally, based on different spatial scales, this paper puts forward three specific integration paths: boundary modification of adjacent administration regions; horizontal connection between government departments; unified management mode by tourism enterprises. This study aims to break through the boundary shielding effect and achieve effective regional tourism cooperative governance.

Fund support is an important orientation to guide the discipline development. Since the 21st century, the rapid development of China’s tourism discipline has been closely related to the direction of fund support. Based on the tourism related academic projects from 1999 to 2020 sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences, this paper analyzes the dynamic change of research topics. Results show that: (1) As for the application fields, tourism projects sponsored by NSFC focus on the disciplines of geosciences and management. The projects sponsored by the National Social Science Foundation of China (NSSFC) mainly involve ethnic issues, applied economy and management. (2) In terms of categories, the youth science and regional tourism projects sponsored by NSFC have been stable since 2012. The number of key projects and general projects has increased, with a significant growth in the number of key projects; the general projects of the NSSFC show a “multi-peak” trend. And the total amount of funding for the youth science projects is less than half of the general projects. The number of key projects has increased since 2012. (3) Regarding the theme, the projects focus on 5 research hotspots, including tourism impact, tourism service and management, tourism and related industry development, tourism space research and tourist research, among which tourism impact research receives the highest proportion of funding. In the future, the funding should pay more attention to tourism demand and consumption under dual circulation pattern, tourism construction under double carbon target, tourist behavior and tourism recovery based on post-epidemic era, and tourism sustainability under the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).

It is still controversial whether the development of tourism economy can promote common prosperity. Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China from 1999 to 2019, this paper adopts the dynamic spatial Durbin model to construct four spatial weight matrices with the dual perspectives of geographical and economic characteristics, and investigates the impact of tourism economic development on regional common prosperity and the spatial spillover effect. The results show that: (1) Both geographical and economic characteristics have impacts on the spatial effect of tourism economic development promoting common prosperity, yet economic characteristics have a greater impact. (2) The development of tourism economy has significantly promoted the development of common prosperity, which not only improves the overall level of prosperity, but also has the sharing effect that contributes to equality. However, the effect of growth, “making the cake bigger”, is stronger at present, and the spillover effect of tourism economy still has room for improvement in narrowing regional economic gap. (3) Tourism economic development level affects the industrial structure rationalization factor, which shows an inverted “U” shaped double threshold feature. We should actively promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure when the tourism economic development is at low level; and pay attention to the rationalization of industrial structure transformation and avoid industrial hollowing when the tourism economic development reached a higher level.

It is clearly pointed out in the report of the 19th CPC National Congress that China will promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, support and encourage employment and business startups there, and open up more channels to increase rural incomes. Currently, rural tourism is a hot industry for villagers to start their own businesses and also an important measure for rural revitalization. Taking Lianhuachi Village, a typical tourism village in the Huairou District of Beijing, as an example, this study conducts semi-structured interviews and field surveys among villagers, applies the grounded theory to analyze their action logic and influencing factors of their entrepreneurship, and develops a theoretical model of influencing factors of villagers’ entrepreneurship under three main categories of entrepreneurs’ characteristics, entrepreneurial conditions, and entrepreneurial environment. In this study, binary logistic regression is used to analyze the effects of influencing factors from two aspects: whether to start a business and how to sustain the business. The study has three findings: First, the decision model of villagers’ entrepreneur- ship has two aspects, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial conditions which include human capital, physical capital and social capital of a family. Second, villagers’entrepreneurship features feminization and young age, family labor capacity and road accessibility are preconditions of starting a business, and family spending on socialization, key persons of village entrepreneurs and favorable environment in the region contribute to business sustainability. Third, dominant factors influencing the entrepreneurial choice have changed from internal ones to external and social ones.

Marine tourism is an important type of marine economy. The enhancement of marine tourism and related research is a fundamental task to serve China’s Strategy of Building a Maritime Power. In this paper, 619 Chinese journal articles collected by the General Database of Chinese Academic Journals Online Publishing are systematically analyzed to understand the evolution of marine tourism research in China. It is found that the number of publications related to marine tourism in China from 1992 to 2021 is characterized as “starting gradually, increasing sharply, and shrinking with fluctuation”. The reasearch has gone through a resource-oriented exploration phase (1992-2002), which focused on marine tourism environmental elements and resource value assessment; an industry-oriented comprehensive promotion phase (2003-2010), which focused on the expansion of diversified issues and the innovation of integrated methods; and a strategic-oriented expansion phase (2011-2021), which is closely linked to national strategic needs and enriched by practical applications. Previous research has focused on five areas: theoretical connotation and scope of marine tourism, resource development and evaluation, social and economic impact, resources, environment and sustainable development, and destination development and management. Based on the theoretical and practical needs of China’s marine tourism development in the new era, emphasis should be placed on the integration of disciplines, the integration of technical tools and the construction of data platforms, so as to enhance the suitability of theoretical research to the national strategy, local realistic needs and practical development of the industry. Therefore, this paper provides theoretical and decision-making guidance to promote the high-quality development of marine tourism in China.

Based on the index of Baidu search volume, this paper adopts spatial classification, kernel density, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and other methods to analyze the spatial differences and influencing factors of Baidu's attention on A-level attractions in China’s coastal zone and to explore the differences in the network soft power of tourist attractions in the study area and its relationship with the physical construction of those attractions. The results show that: (1) The overall pattern of “dual core development” is presented, and the trend of “stars crowding the moon” is formed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. Low level attention attractions account for 95% of the total and the value of the level is distributed continuously. High level attention attractions are mainly distributed in the northern Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay. (2) The spatial association type is dominated by LL agglomeration, while HH agglomeration only takes Bohai Bay and Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai as the center to form a dual core agglomeration trend. The number of HL types is small and mainly near the HH region, reflecting the local polarization effect. (3) Compared with the tourism economy, the degree of coincidence between the two is high as a whole, but the gathering ability under Baidu’s attention is stronger and local core areas have significantly contracted, reflecting the polarization and multiplication effect of cyberspace. Compared with that before the epidemic, most attractions have undergone network transformation and paid attention to the improvement of operation level in the near future. The Bohai Bay and Yangtze River estuary attractions have shown outstanding performance, followed by eastern Liaoning and Fujian, with no obvious effect in other regions. (4) Physical construction level and short video promotion act as the core influencing factors. The coupling effect of tourist evaluation and public opinion diffusion also has a great impact, while the basic factors such as transportation, communication and location have no obvious effect.

As a special region, the islands of Changhai County has excellent natural tourism resources and unique island culture, which is highly favored by tourists. As the tourism destination with residents, the island is not only the residence of the islanders, but also the destination of the tourists. It bears the dual functions of life and tourism. Clarifying the contents and ways of the activities of different people is the fundamental to optimize the island resources and maximize the function of island facilities. Based on the investigation and related theoretical knowledge, this paper classifies the activities of tourists and islanders, dividing tourists into three patterns: sightseeing tourism, beachcombing tourism and swimming tourism; dividing residents into three types: employment oriented residents, leisure oriented residents and family oriented residents. The kernel density estimation is used to show the activity density and spatial scope of islanders and tourists. We take the tourism patterns and residents patterns as dependent variables, through multivariate logistic regression. The results show that: Firstly, for tourist behavior patterns, age has a significant impact on swimming tourism, and tourists less than 30 years old are more likely to belong to this type; tourism companionship has a significant impact on sightseeing tourism and swimming tourism. Tourists traveling with parents are more likely to belong to the sightseeing tourism pattern. The tourism purpose and informatization background mainly have a significant impact on the sightseeing tourism pattern, tourists who use mobile phone navigation during the trip are more likely to belong to this mode. Personal preference mainly affects beachcombing tourism pattern, especially those who are keen on the traditional lifestyle of the island are more likely to belong to this type. Secondly, for residents' behavior patterns, age and travel mode have significant influence on employment oriented residents; income and employment status have significant influence on leisure oriented residents; family oriented residents are mainly affected by family members, the elderly, children and other family care pressure. This study attempts to provide reference for alleviating the spatial behavior conflict of tourism, optimizing infrastructure construction, and improving social spatial efficiency and land spatial planning.

Industrial transformation is the key process for traditional fishing villages to break through the bottleneck of development, and it is also the necessary way to realize the development of rural revitalization. However, due to the long-term influence of insufficient rural statistical data, traditional studies usually adopt indicators such as residents’ income composition to indirectly measure the development process of rural industrial transformation, which has certain limitations. Based on the theory of rural industrial transformation, this paper uses enterprise attribute data to construct an evaluation index system of industrial development in traditional fishing villages, and takes 22 fishing villages in coastal areas of Fujian Province as research objects to explore the process, types and influencing factors of industrial transformation of traditional fishing villages. It is found that: from 1989 to 2020, the industrial transformation of traditional fishing villages in Fujian Province can be divided into three stages, which are the initial stage, the intermediate stage and the later stage. In each stage, not only the number and scale of enterprises continue to grow, the fishing villages without dominant industry type gradually disappear, but the dominant industries of fishing villages in each stage show the characteristics of growing step by step. According to the characteristics of industrial transformation, about 60% of fishing villages belong to the ready-transformation type, the percentage of transformed fishing villages is only 31.8%, and the untransformed fishing villages face the dilemma of difficult transformation. The industrial transformation of traditional fishing villages is mainly influenced by resources (fishery resources) and market (population size), and the strengthening of policy factors and the optimization of environmental factors are also conducive to promoting the further transformation of fishing village industry. The findings of this study can contribute to the industrial transformation development of traditional fishing villages in coastal areas.

Leisure fishing and maritime tourism serve as an important orientation for fishermen’s livelihood transformation. Therefore, it is of great significance theoretically and practically to investigate the influencing factors in the process of fishermen’s livelihood transformation, and fishermen’s decision on tactics selection. This paper adopts the push-pull theory and sustainable livelihood framework to study the factors that influence fishermen’s livelihood transformation and to uncover the veil of fishermen’s livelihood reconstruction through tourism. Qualitative data were collected in Xiangshan, Ningbo, through interviews and no-participatory observations. The research findings indicate that: (1) The push factors including functional change of natural capital, the change of human capital, the upgrade of physical capital and the dysfunction of cultural capital from the “fishery livelihood mode” and the pull factors including policy support, improvement of job environment, the optimization of family relationship and attachment to maritime culture from the “tourism livelihood mode” are leveraged to promote the transformation. (2) The livelihood capitals of sea-lost fishermen include natural capital, human capital, social capital, financial capital, physical capital and psychological capital; yet, the absence of psychological capital in the framework hinders the livelihood transformation. (3) The sea-lost fishermen have four types of tactics to cope with the livelihood transformation according to the matrix of livelihood capital’s coverage and richness: escape, exploration, focus, and innovation. The paper theoretically extends the application of sustainable livelihood theory, identifies the factors that affect sea-lost fishermen’s livelihood transformation, and verifies the possibility and unique value of the livelihood transformation via practicing tourism.

Tourism is China’s strategic pillar industry. Building China into a tourism power is an important aspect indicating the rise of the country. Starting with the analysis of the experience of the world tourism powers, this paper investigates the factual basis, opportunities and challenges of China’s tourism development, and puts forward the connotation, objectives and strategic countermeasures of building the world tourism power with Chinese characteristics. China has a large territory and diversified natural landscapes, a long history and diversified cultural landscapes, a large population and massive economic output, a high degree of openness and a humanistic business environment, and a gradually mature and promising tourism industry. Thus, it is feasible to build a world tourism power, yet it also faces many challenges, which requires joint efforts from the aspects of politics, industry, academia and even society. We should actively learn from the experience of world tourism powers, improve laws and regulations related to tourism, build an efficient and powerful tourism development mechanism and system, promote the integration of culture and tourism, strengthen "tourism +" and expand "+ tourism", adhere to industry-city interaction and regional coordination, develop smart tourism via digital technology, and fully mobilize favorable factors at home and abroad to build a greater China tourism brand. In addition, we need to select and build a batch of world-class tourist attractions, tourist resorts and world tourism cities to ensure the achievement of the 14th Five-Year Plan for China National Tourism Development (2021-2025).

Tourism is an important carrier of culture and tourists are the main body of culture dissemination. Based on Appraisal theory of Emotion and Social Identity theory, this paper constructs a theoretical model in which the relationship between Maritime Silk Road cultural tourism experiential value and tourists’ cultural dissemination behavior are mediated by national pride and cultural identity. Research results show that the functional value and symbolic value of tourism experience influence tourists’ cultural dissemination behavior through national pride and cultural identity. The collective identity cognition that tourists gained in the tourism experience induced national pride, which assists the establishment of emotional connections between the maritime cultural symbols and the national collective memory, thus formed the culture identity. Driven by national pride and cultural identity, tourists converted the high emotional energy into cultural dissemination behaviors. The more national pride and cultural identity tourists experience, the more likely they are to disseminate culture, and the cultural dissemination behavior in turn strengthens their group identity. Therefore, by enhancing the elements and highlighting the achievements of the Maritime Silk Road culture, the destinations will achieve the goals of the improvement of tourists’ experiential value, the enhancement of their national pride and cultural identity, as well as the promotion of the cultural dissemination behavior.

To scientifically define the statistical boundary of tourism carbon emissions is not only a challenge for low-carbon tourism research, but also the key to formulate tourism carbon emission reduction policies and measures. Existing studies are based on the adoption and optimization of previous statistical indicators, and the calculation results are difficult to corroborate each other. Informed by the review of economics and law-related fields, the article evaluates the current statistical indicators one by one. The research finds that: (1) The main factors affecting the statistical boundary of tourism carbon emissions are the adoption of different research perspectives and the misuse of statistical calibers, which consequently leads to the research results "cannot be compared horizontally and calculated longitudinally". (2) The main difference between the "narrow" and "broad" statistical boundaries is that the latter takes into account the principle of "beneficiaries bear responsibility" while the "polluters pay price". (3) Based on the principle of "territorial responsibility", external transportation is not a carbon source of tourist destinations whilst it should be included in the "broad" statistical boundary. The study pointed out that the carbon emission reduction measures of tourism should clarify the boundary of responsibility and the fact of externality, while considering the economic benefits and environmental costs. With a relatively standardized boundary, the carbon intensity varies according to different research objects, and whether the tourism industry is a green industry or not should be determined according to the specific situation.

It is of great importance to set the reasonable intensity level of environmental regulation and improve tourism carbon emissions performance for the high-quality development of the tourism industry in the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Based on the provincial panel data in China from 2001 to 2019, a Super-SBM model and entropy method were applied to measure the tourism carbon emissions performance and environmental regulation intensity. Then fixed-effect model and panel threshold model were used to explore the impact of environmental regulation on the tourism carbon emissions performance. The results show that: (1) The tourism carbon emissions performance slowly increased in China. It fluctuated in the eastern region and steadily increased in the central region. The fastest increase was observed in the western region. The intensity level of environmental regulation was also increasing in China, showing a spacial pattern of "East>West>Centre". (2) The environmental regulation first promoted and then suppressed the tourism carbon emissions performance, showing an "inverted U" feature, with the current environmental regulation intensity in China before the turning point. Taking technological innovation as the threshold variable, environmental regulation had a significant double threshold effect on the tourism carbon emissions performance. (3) Single threshold could be found in the eastern, central, and western regions. In the eastern region, the effect of environmental regulation on tourism carbon emissions performance was significant under the influence of technological innovation. In the western region, when the technological innovation level was low, the environmental regulation had a negative impact on the tourism carbon emissions performance. However, when technological innovation passed the threshold, environmental regulation had a positive impact on tourism carbon emissions performance. In the central region, environmental regulation has always had a negative effect on tourism carbon emissions performance.

This study employed the panel vector autoregressive model estimated by generalized method of moments to explore the dynamic relationship between tourism revenue, transport infrastructure, and carbon dioxide emissions based on the panel data of 30 provincial level regions in China over the period of 2000-2019. This study indicates: (1) A bidirectional Granger causality between tourism and transport exists in China as a whole, and in the east and central regions of China. The contribution of the railway to tourism is greater than that of the highway to tourism. (2) At the national and regional levels, tourism and carbon dioxide emissions affect each other positively. Tourism revenue makes the largest contribution to carbon dioxide emissions in eastern China, and the smallest contribution in western China. (3) The contribution of highway and railway to carbon dioxide emissions is the largest in the central region. In general, the Granger causality between transportation infrastructure and carbon dioxide emissions is not significant. This paper presents the first multivariate analytical framework to comprehensively discuss the links between China’s tourism income, transport infrastructure and carbon dioxide emissions. The research framework also has significant implications for research and practice in different regions and spatial scales.

Identifying the key paths that drive changes in carbon emissions of accommodation industry in China is conducive to formulating the targeted mitigation policies. From the perspective of industrial linkage, this study adopts an environmental input-output model and structural path analysis model to build a framework, which can be used to explore the evolution characteristics of carbon emissions from the accommodation industry from 1997 to 2017 and further to excavate the key supply chain of carbon emissions changes. The results show that: (1) Carbon emission volume from the accommodation industry showed a fluctuating increase over the study period, but its intensity continues to decline, and electricity and heat consumption have become the most dominant type of energy consumption for the accommodation industry. (2) The first-order paths, i.e., direct carbon emissions caused by final demand, occupy an important position; the high-order path, which flows through more intermediate sectors, not only increases in number year by year but also generates gradually increasing emissions, which indicates that accommodation industry has a significant amount of embodied inter-sectoral carbon emissions by consuming intermediate products from other sectors. (3) "(Upstream supply sector)→food manufacturing industry→accommodation industry→final demand" and "(upstream supply sector)→production and supply of electricity and heat→accommodation industry→final demand" are the main types of key paths that affect accommodation industry’s carbon emissions, which involves upstream supply sectors such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, road transport and chemical industry. To achieve low carbon development of the accommodation industry, a comprehensive management strategy of "source reduction, process control and end-of-pipe treatment" should be implemented, the input structure of intermediate products in the accommodation industry should be optimized, and the transformation from a traditional supply chain to a green supply chain of the accommodation industry should be encouraged.