The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has brought enormous impacts and challenges to global tourism. How to cope with the pandemic has become the focus of attention. This paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism of China from the aspects of residents' travel willingness, tourist site space capacity, operation of tourism market entities, and tourism policy supply. The research results show that: (1) The pandemic has greatly impacted residents' consumer confidence, willingness, and ability to travel, but the potential travel demand still exists. (2) The pandemic has caused great physical and psychological compression to the tourism space environment. The production space capacity of the cultural industry and the entertainment industry, which are closely related to tourism, has also been indirectly affected. (3) The pandemic has had a comprehensive and far-reaching impact on the tourism industry chain and the operation of tourism market entities. (4) Under the normalization of pandemic prevention and control, the tourism policy has mainly been based on "flow control" and "industry rescue". Eventually, based on the response system, spatial response mechanism, and the resilience of tourism enterprises, the responses of China's tourism industry to the pandemic are explored. First, the trinity response system of tourism to resist the pandemic should be constructed from the three dimensions of hierarchical government support, management department drive, and industry organization coordination. Second, the spatial response mechanism of the tourism system based on the three-level collaborative destination (point) - link (line) - network structure (network) under the normalization of pandemic prevention and control is proposed. Third, the countermeasures to enhance the resilience of tourism enterprises are put forward from five aspects: enterprise organization, product service, management and the marketing, and market brand and employee psychology.

Tourism geography, which emerged during the great development of applied geography in the 1980s, cannot now sufficiently support the rapid development of tourist industry due to its short period of development and insufficient theoretical and methodological systems. Therefore, the development of tourist industry urgently needs the knowledge of related more developed disciplines. Phenology is a branch of geography that has an intersection with tourism geography, and it has a very close relationship with tourist industry. The paper systematically reviews the role of phenology in supporting the tourism system, its applications in five specific industrial fields, the role in promoting six dimensions of the high-quality development of tourism, and the influence of climate change on phenological tourism resources and related industries. The analysis shows that: (1) The concept of phenology can help to integrate the tourism resources of natural, human, and social elements in the tourism system. The application of phenology in the tourism industry can effectively improve the service support sub-systems, transportation sub-systems, and medical and health sub-system. (2) The practical application of phenology in the tourist industry mainly involves plant landscape design, determination of ornamental tourism season, ornamental phenology forecasting, time planning for eco-tourism activities, pollen concentration forecasting, ice and snow disaster warning, and tourist route design. (3) Phenology supports six dimensions of high-quality development of tourism, including element, industry, process, time and space, direction, and participating sector. (4) Phenological tourism resources and related industrial links are sensitive to climate change. In the future, studies should focus on the risks of climate change in different climate scenarios and in-depth analysis of the influences on the perceptions and behavior of tourists. Phenological change should be integrated into medium and long-term industrial development plans and industry reports. From the perspectives of disciplinary development and industrial application, phenology can provide theoretical basis for tourism research, as well as practical guidance for the sustainable development of tourism in the context of climate change.

Grasping key factors that affect the perceived value of tourists is helpful to promote the competitiveness of tourism destinations. Taking Beihai Silver Beach National Tourism Resort in Guangxi as the research case, this study used the online reviews from Beihai Silver Beach tourists on Crip as the research sample and adopted grounded theory method to construct the influencing factor model of coastal tourists' perceived value. Five main categories and 18 corresponding categories were identified. This study also used DEMATEL model of complex system to construct the relationship matrix of the factors affecting the perceived value of coastal tourists. The key factors influencing the perceived value of coastal tourists were identified. Study found that resources and environment, management and protection, facilities and services, emotion and cost value constitute an important dimension of tourist perceived value in seaside tourism destinations. Weather conditions, beach scale, beach management and protection, tourists' pleasure, entertainment attractions, tourism infrastructure, and service are the key influencing factors of seaside tourism destination tourists' perceived value. Accordingly, some suggestions are put forward to improve the perceived value of tourists in coastal tourism destinations in China.

A harmonious relationship between human and animal is key to the sustainable development of wildlife tourism. This study starts from animal ethics, takes online reviews as data source, and uses text mining, social network analysis, and IPA model analysis methods to analyze the differences in the embodied experience of tourists in wildlife tourist attractions with different ethical orientations. Conclusion are as follow: (1) Different ethical orientations affect the operation mode of wildlife tourism attractions. (2) From the perspective of embodied theory, wildlife tourism experience is multidimensional and complex that includes physical, situational, and cognitive-emotional experiences. Three layers and six dimensions are identified. (3) Because of the differences in the supply of wildlife tourism attractions with different ethical orientations, there is a structural difference between cognitive-based and physical-based tourist experiences.

Actively responding to global climate change and resolutely implementing the "dual-carbon" goal proposed by the CPC Central Committee are important missions for the high-quality development of China's tourism industry. Based on the carbon emission evaluation of China's tourism industry from 1990 to 2020, this paper forecasts future carbon emission from 2021 to 2060, and subsequently analyzes the major challenges, tasks, and approach. The results show that: (1) China's tourism carbon emission history can be divided into four stages. The carbon emission structure shows prominent features, with tourism transportation and leisure vacation as the main body. Only with the promotion of low-carbon emission can we achieve the carbon peaking target of tourism industry in 2030-2035 during the post epidemic era and reduce the resistance to carbon neutrality. (2) China’s tourism industry faces 5 major challenges in achieving the "dual-carbon" goal, including rapid growth of tourism carbon emissions, threats from global climate changes, fuzzy carbon emission boundaries, strong demand for quality tourism, and insufficient carbon reduction technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the major tasks from 3 dimensions: macro - industry, meso - destination and enterprise, and micro - tourists, as well as adhere to the 5 development principles, including overall coordination, adapting measures to local conditions, respecting laws, promoting science and technology, and differentiation. (3) The approach to China's tourism "dual-carbon" goal in the context of high-quality development should incorporate three aspects: supply side, consumption side, and policy support. On the supply side, it is critical to accelerate the adjustment of energy structure, increase the investment in carbon reduction technology, and enhance carbon sink capacity. On the supply side, it is critical to promote the carbon reduction of tourism consumption subjects, consumption sites, and service organizations. On the policy support, it is critical to accelerate the improvement and innovation of low-carbon policies. Based on the research frontier of achieving the "dual-carbon" goal of China's tourism industry, this paper preliminarily establishes the theory of tourism "dual-carbon" and enriches the theory of low-carbon tourism, which will provide decision-making insights for achieving the "dual-carbon" goal of China's tourism industry in the context of high-quality development.

Since 1978, tourism geography research in China has been characterized by "the gradual improvement of theoretical framework, the strengthening of applied research, the maturity of research methods, the wide application of new technologies, the comprehensive multidisciplinary research, and the expansion of international academic exchanges." Based on the newest research and development of the tourism geography in China and current national and social needs, the new research topics of tourism geography in China were discussed in this article. The topics include: the pattern and evolution of tourism destination system, mechanism of tourism development in the context of the differentiation of natural and humanities environment, tourism ecological civilization construction and regional tourism resources protection and utilization, the regional pattern of tourists flow and behavior and a "dual circulation" development pattern, the spatial-temporal relationship between tourism and regional development and the mechanism of balanced development, geography factor in the high quality development of Chinese tourism industry, tourism destination multi-source information integration and decision support system construction.

In the era of mass tourism, the development of China's tourism industry is entering a period of great change and adjustment, which requires us to re-examine the transformation of China's tourism geography research based on the basic national conditions of China's tourism industry. The paper holds that the internationalization of tourism geography research in China is an important trend, and this internationalization also promotes the process of research localization to a certain extent. On the whole, the research of tourism geography with Chinese characteristics should be rooted in the major needs of tourism industry to realize the transformation. In terms of the research object, it should be expanded from the research of typical tourism destination to the research of optimization of recreation space. In terms of research focus, it should be gradually transformed from the study of tourism elements to the study of process simulation and the prediction of complex regional system of tourism destination. In terms of research paradigm, it should be further improved from the disconnection between existing theoretical research and planning practice to the effective link of "theoretical research-planning practice-policy application". In this process, foreign tourism geography research can provide important reference for China's tourism geography research.

Mountain scenic area is important destinations to tourists, in which the activities are related to the safety of mountain ecosystem. Constructing ecological security pattern in mountain scenic area is important for protecting key species in the ecosystem and maintaining the overall function of the ecosystem. It is also an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the scenic area. This study chose Yunqiu Mountain Scenic Area as a case study and representative rare animal - Crossoptilon Mantchuricum in Lvliang mountains as study objects. GIS method was used to extract the ecological source areas of Crossoptilon Mantchuricum. Ecological corridors were identified, and ecological network was constructed using Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model and gravity model. Moreover, the connectivity and sensitivity of the ecological network were analyzed and suggestions for optimization were proposed. The results show that: the overall size of the Yunqiu Mountain ecological source area is relatively small, and the spatial distribution is uneven. There is a medium level of network connectivity, at the center of which there are many corridors between source areas, forming a mash-shape connection. While corridors between source areas on the edge of the network are simple, forming a tree-shape connection. According to the sensitivity evaluation criteria, the scenic area is divided into extremely sensitive area, highly sensitive area, moderately sensitive area, slightly sensitive area, and insensitive area. The overall sensitivity of the area where the ecological network locates is low, but there still exist high-risk nodes. Considering the different sensitivity levels of areas where the ecological network locates, this paper proposes three suggestions for optimization: Interference Reduction Protection, Recovery Protection, and Construction Protection. This research provides scientific-basis for protecting the ecology of the Yunqiu Mountain Scenic Area.

Tourist behavior has long been one of the most researched themes in tourism literature. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought enormous strikes and challenges to the global tourism industry. Within this context, an increasing number of studies related to both tourist behaviors and the COVID-19 pandemic have been published in English-language journals. Despite critical discussions on COVID-19 related tourism studies on a whole, preceding review studies have largely failed to specifically and systematically assess the up-to-date progress of and substantive contributions made by COVID-19 related tourist behavior studies. Based on an analysis of 83 articles published in the top 8 SSCI listed academic journals in the field of tourism as of 31 August, 2021, the following conclusions are drawn. First, the extant studies could be categorized, according to their research themes, into four clusters, namely risk perception and travel intention, tourism decision-making, actual behaviors and experience, and attitude towards technology. Second, quantitative studies are dominant in article number, most of which are in favor of either questionnaire surveys or experiments. Third, with respect to substantive contributions, significant theoretical contributions are rarely made in the extant studies, most of which are found approaching solving real-world problems and/or depicting consumer phenomena, instead of building theories. Specifically, those sampled studies were using a theory (or theories) either to help develop hypotheses regarding the relationships between well-known concepts or to help describe and/or interpret an alleged novel consumer phenomenon. As such, it is suggested at the end of this article that future studies could benefit greatly from more rigorous conceptualization and theorization by using qualitative methods, big data techniques, and experiments in their excavation, identification, and confirmation of the uniqueness of the COVID-19 pandemic as a public health crisis as well as the associated distinctive tourism consumer phenomena. Further, indigenized tourist behavior research related to COVID-19, which is deeply rooted in the pandemic prevention and control practices and tourism development in China, should be highly encouraged.

China has been accelerating the construction of a “dual circulation” development pattern, which takes the domestic market as the mainstay. The rapid development of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodations has drawn great academic attention, as it could improve the utilization rate of idle housing resources and expand the domestic tourism market demand. However, the geographic studies of P2P accommodation in China are relatively scant. Accordingly, this study sought to identify spatial clustering characteristics and explore influencing mechanism of P2P accommodations from a geographic perspective. Airbnb in Beijing was selected as the case study. Exploratory spatial analysis and Geodetector were employed. The findings suggested that: (1) Airbnb listings were gathered in the center of the city, and sparsely distributed in the peripheral areas. (2) Hot spots were clustered in and around the fourth ring road, and there were different degrees of spatial clustering between Airbnb and other related geographical elements. (3) The number of recreational facilitir, distance to the city center, and the number of public service facilities had stronger explanatory power. The explanation power of double-factor interactions were stronger than which of single factors. (4) The clustering characteristics of Airbnb in Beijing were the result of the coupling and interaction among various elements, namely the hosts, guests, government, and platform, and these elements affected in different forms and to different degrees. Theoretically, this paper deepen the research on the tourism accommodation industry in China. Practically, empirical evidence from this study has great implications for the layout of P2P accommodations and urban governance in the future.

From both the supply and demand sides, this article discusses the impact of the Beijing Winter Olympics on China's ski industry. The article predicts the development trends of China's ski industry after the Winter Olympics, providing references for the theoretical research and practical development of China's ski industry. The results show that: China's ski market is at a rapid growth stage, and the Covid-19 pandemic has not changed the long-term positive trend. After Winter Olympics, policy legacies will continue to benefit the public, ski consumers will become younger, and industry development will become more standardized. The digital operation and all-season operation will receive more attention. The ski market in China will continue to grow. It is estimated that in 2030, the number of ski visits in China will reach 57 million, and the market will be gradually transformed from beginner market to leisure vacation market. The ski industry will enter into a period of stable development.

"Internet celebrity homestay" is a new phenomenon born in the trend of social life network in tourism and accommodation industry in recent years. What elements contribute to the making of celebrity homestay and how these elements affect tourists’ purchase intention are the topics to be studied in this paper. The study was first based on the notes of key opinion leaders on the Internet community "Xiaohongshu". The method of grounded theory was used to explore and summarize the elements of the Internet celebrity temperament of a homestay. Next, a questionnaire survey was conducted to verify the influence of these factors on the Internet word-of-mouth and the purchase intention of tourists. The research finds that: (1) The configuration, style design, surrounding environment, intuitive impression, psychological feeling, and travel form of homestay are the key elements of Internet celebrity temperament in terms of a homestay. (2) The elements of homestay online celebrity temperament positively affect the tourists' purchase intention. (3) "Internet word-of-mouth" plays a complete or partial mediating role as the mechanism in above relationship. This study enriches the theory of how the attractiveness elements of homestay facilities to form online word-of-mouth and then to influence purchase intention.

Wildlife tourism in the Asia-Pacific region has become popular and is expected to continue so after COVID-19. This paper provides a series of recommendations for sustainable development of wildlife tourism and discusses guidelines for wildlife viewing in the wild. Currently, wildlife viewing is based around biodiversity hotspots and iconic species. Opportunities for expanding viewing of plants and fungi are also discussed. Good practice criteria such as attention to effective protected area management, sound environmental policy, planning for growth in tourism numbers, management of overcrowding, tour guide training, attention to animal welfare, and monitoring the impacts of tourism on wildlife are considered. Promotion and marketing of wildlife tourism should also be highlighted. Key challenges include unsatisfactory protection of the wider environment, misinterpretation of what is required to achieve sustainability, and inadequate visitor management by park agencies and tour operators. The impact of COVID-19 on wildlife tourism provides the opportunity to reflect on previous wildlife tourism operations and to maintain and improve wildlife tourism in the future.

Rapid industrialization, urbanization, informatization and globalization have brought tremendous technological progress and irreversible environmental changes, which lead to inevitable transformation and development of traditional villages. During the process, how do we preserve and continue the culture nature of traditional villages but also reconstruct the cultural ecology to adapt to the new environmental changes is the core task in the new era of research on protection and utilization. This paper used literature analysis and retrieved the literature on traditional village cultural ecology research from CNKI and web of science databases. Taken into consideration of the system and practice of the national cultural ecological protection area, this paper comprehensively elaborates the concept of traditional village cultural ecology from the perspective of culture and ecosystem. It further explores the meaning of cultural ecological adaptability of traditional villages, the evolution process of cultural ecological system, cultural ecological balance regulation, and cultural ecological adaptability management. Based on this, the idea of refining the cultural characteristics and cultural core of traditional villages was proposed. The method of evaluating the ecological adaptability of traditional village culture, and the mode of optimizing the regional systematic protection and utilization of traditional village cultural ecology were suggested. The findings offer implications for systematically solving the problem of cultural ecological imbalance in traditional villages, encouraging local research of cultural ecology in the protection and utilization of traditional villages in China, and promoting China's rural revitalization.

Recreational fishery is the combination of traditional fishery, tourism, and leisure industry. It is also a new branch of tourism research. Recreational fishery plays an important role in innovating the forms of tourism development and promoting the construction of the "Beautiful Countryside". This study used recreational fishery papers published in the core journals of CNKI database, CSSCI, and CSCD as data sources, and the bibliometric software CiteSpace to analyze and draw knowledge maps. Findings show that the recreational fishery research development of our country has experienced two stages: initial exploration stage and rising development stage. Multi-disciplinary participation and research framework have been basically formed. Research contents focus on the development pathway of recreational fishery. Meanwhile, the meaning of the concept, resource development and evaluation, product expression forms, developmental benefits, management, and marketing strategy of recreational fishery, are also the areas where scholars pay attention to. Finally, considering the background of leisure fishery in China, this paper put forward the following five developmental insights to the future study on fishery: constructing native theory system, incorporating research fields with national strategic policies to broaden research ideas, focusing on "people-fishing" relationship changes, investigating leisure fishery's green low carbon pattern, making the research on developmental issues as the main line.

The tourism sector — once thought as a highly resilient industry that has seen immense growth in the past few decades and was envisioned to continue on this trajectory in the coming decades — has been faced with intense challenges since 2020 due to the global Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, numerous key issues that were originally considered in tourism geographies remain relevant — if not more so as a result of this global pandemic. This paper reviews the major areas of research in tourism geographies in the recent decade as a signal of what kinds of emphasis the subdiscipline should focus on in the coming decades. These include tourism's impact, influence, and relationships with sustainable development goals; climate change; making "better tourism" in the post-Covid world; shifting geographical dimensions of tourism in recent and coming decades; and the rapidly emerging digitalization of tourism services and social media's influence on tourism. From being marginalized in comparison to work and other subdisciplines in Geography, the pandemic has shown in numerous ways that leisure and tourism was never peripheral to begin with — it serves as an important economic industry, as much as it contributes to people's social well-being and imaginations of happiness. As tourism geographers, this offers numerous pressing research areas that must now be looked into.

Tourism is China’s strategic pillar industry. Building China into a tourism power is an important aspect indicating the rise of the country. Starting with the analysis of the experience of the world tourism powers, this paper investigates the factual basis, opportunities and challenges of China’s tourism development, and puts forward the connotation, objectives and strategic countermeasures of building the world tourism power with Chinese characteristics. China has a large territory and diversified natural landscapes, a long history and diversified cultural landscapes, a large population and massive economic output, a high degree of openness and a humanistic business environment, and a gradually mature and promising tourism industry. Thus, it is feasible to build a world tourism power, yet it also faces many challenges, which requires joint efforts from the aspects of politics, industry, academia and even society. We should actively learn from the experience of world tourism powers, improve laws and regulations related to tourism, build an efficient and powerful tourism development mechanism and system, promote the integration of culture and tourism, strengthen "tourism +" and expand "+ tourism", adhere to industry-city interaction and regional coordination, develop smart tourism via digital technology, and fully mobilize favorable factors at home and abroad to build a greater China tourism brand. In addition, we need to select and build a batch of world-class tourist attractions, tourist resorts and world tourism cities to ensure the achievement of the 14th Five-Year Plan for China National Tourism Development (2021-2025).

Ecotourism is an important branch of tourism research. Under the influence and cultivation of the concept of sustainable development and the practice of ecological civilization construction, China has made considerable progress in the theoretical research and practice of ecotourism in the past 30 years. Chinese Core Journals of the CNKI database and CSSCI source journals were selected in this study. The literature received high attention, keywords, authors, and journals characteristics were analyzed. Using CiteSpace knowledge mapping analysis and considering the development of ecotourism practice, ecotourism research in China was divided into three stages in this study. The exploring stage mainly focuses on the understanding of concepts and principle of ecotourism. The development stage mainly includes the nature protected area, ecotourism development, and ecological development. The deepening stage includes more topics and involves more national strategies such as rural vitalization and ecological civilization. Finally, the paper forecasts the future trend of China's ecotourism research from seven aspects: the basic theory and research framework; the health value and knowledge of ecotourism destination; systemic research for typical regions, such as Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and protected areas; ecotourist behaviour and market cultivation; environmental, social, and economic impacts by ecotourism and their evolution rules; integration between ecotourism and local culture; management technique and community participation.

Rural reconstruction has become an important topic and development trend of the research in rural areas in China and abroad. Besides, rural tourism is regarded as an effective path to advance rural economy, and an important driving force for rural reconstruction. Using CiteSpace knowledge map visualization software, this paper systematically summarized relevant literature on rural restructuring influenced by tourism in China and abroad. This paper demonstrated this issue from three aspects: spatial restructuring, economic restructuring, and social restructuring. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical support for the integrated development of new urbanization and rural strategy in China. The results show that: (1) Rural spatial reconstruction influenced by tourism can be manifested in three aspects: the change of rural land use, the reconstruction of village and town system, and the reconstruction of the spatial pattern of "ecology, production, and livelihood" in rural areas. (2) Rural economic reconstruction influenced by tourism was mainly shown from two aspects: the change of economic industrial structure and the transformation of residents' livelihood pattern. (3) The improvement of rural governance and the reconstruction of rural culture were the two main aspects in rural social reconstruction research. Moreover, this paper discussed the theoretical basis of rural reconstruction influenced by tourism based on spatial production theory and actor network theory. Finally, the prospect of future research in this field was put forward including tourism motivation, comparison of different types and cases of tourism impetus, and integration of new urbanization and rural revitalization strategies.

The measurement method and model construction for tourism ecological compensation standard challenge the establishment of tourism ecological compensation mechanism. Taking Huangshan National Park as an example, based on the perspective of explicit and implicit supply costs of tourism ecological products and services in the national park, this paper comprehensively considers the supply costs and interest pursuits of tourism stakeholders such as managers, operators and guardian (community resident), divides the area into three-level tourism ecological compensation spatial scope, i.e., the core area, the adjacent area and the radiation area, with the principles of the ecosystem integrity, the fairness of survival right of local community development and the administrative feasibility, and establishes the measurement method and model for tourism ecological compensation standard of national parks. The measurement of the lower range value of tourism ecological compensation standard of Huangshan National Park is about 510 million yuan/year. This research provides theoretical guidance for constructing the tourism ecological compensation system of national parks, coordinating the-human land relationship between the protection and utilization of national parks in China, and realizing the high-quality development path of ecology co-construction, benefit sharing and win-win economic prosperity for national parks.

Cruise tourism has been affected by all kinds of negative events because of its inherent fragile nature. In early 2020, the cross-border spread of COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess cruise ship attracted global attention, greatly affecting the risk perception and consumption decisions of the public on cruise tourism. Using comments on Zhihu website as data source, this paper divides the negative events of cruise ship into three stages by taking the outbreak of COVID-19 and the global cruise ship shutdown as time nodes, and uses word frequency analysis, semantic network analysis, emotion analysis, and spatial analysis to explore the changes in the risk perception of Chinese netizens. Research findings show: At the "gray rhino stage", the operations of cruise ships were normal and the risk perception of netizens focused on natural disasters and rescue operations. When the "gray rhinoceros meets black swan stage" at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, cruise ships were gradually suspended, and the risk perception of netizens focused on public health safety of cruise ships. At the “black swan stage” after the outbreak of the epidemic, cruise ships were suspended, and the risk perception of netizens tended to be dispersed, including natural disaster, fire, and epidemic. At the same time, the spatial distribution of the risk perception of netizens is different. In coastal areas, netizens mainly have positive and weak negative emotions towards negative events of cruise ships. However, Internet users in inland areas have a relatively low understanding of cruise tourism, and their perceptions are mostly negative. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world, this study can provide references for the post-epidemic recovery and sustainable development of cruise tourism.

As an important carrier to promote tourism transformation and high-quality development, ecotourism plays a unique role in the key ecological civilization projects such as the construction of natural reserves system, the spatial protection and utilization of national land, and the Beautiful China. In this paper, an in-depth analysis of the ecotourism development research was conducted and the key areas of ecotourism development research in China was discussed in the context of moving towards sustainable development. Analysis shows that ecotourism plays a role in promoting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) from multi-dimensions. Mass ecotourism is strongly applicable in the discourse system of China including modern management system, technical norms, and ecological civilization. Contemporary China's ecological tourism development is completely different from the one in foreign countries during the past post-industrial time. Both facing climate change and human activities, green low carbon and the macro background of production mode transformation, and the space development and utilization, natural protected area system construction, high quality tourism development and regional industrial structure adjustment is closely related to national strategy, such as a series of external environment and the associated elements to seek the new development of ecological tourism development path. Natural ecology, geographical features, carrying capacity, and economic development outline the contemporary China's ecological tourism development. The future studies need to build to form an integrated system that treats the resources and environment capacity as the bottom line, follows the rules of the ecological recreation opportunity spectrum and the matching of time and space, utilize space governance and modern management as improvement strategies, and takes "highly restricted, low loss" policy and technical standards into consideration. By adopting the above system, the goals of ecological environment protection and sustainable economic and social development can be achieved.

Island tourism is a crucial field of international tourism research. An in-depth analysis of the evolution and key areas of international island tourism research is of great significance for improving island tourism research in the context of the "maritime power" strategy and the high-quality development of the industry within dual circulation development pattern. Using the Web of Science Core Collection as data source, a visual map analysis of 1 511 papers focusing on international island from 2000 to 2019 was conducted using CiteSpace. The method was also used to reveal the development and hotspots of the research. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Island tourism research showed three different development phases since 2000: slow development phase, steady development phase, and rapid development phase. The research content has gradually shifted from focusing on the ecological environmental impact of island tourism development to the sustainable development field, which is the relationship between people and islands. (2) International island tourism research showed consumption dependence and resource dependence. Research areas and research objects mainly focused on developed countries or countries with more island resources. Among them, the three most highly cited scholars were Gossling, Hall, and Scheyvens. Most of the articles were published in three fields: environmental science and ecology, coastal ocean science, and tourism. (3) The hotspots of island tourism research included resources and environment of island tourism destinations, island tourism and global climate change, island tourism market, the economic impact of island tourism, island tourism community, consumption behavior of island tourists, island tourism planning and management, and sustainable development of island tourism. China's island tourism research should take in international island tourism research methods and results to improve theories and research methods in island tourism, and to strengthen the research on island tourism resources and environment, island sustainable tourism, economy and cultural influence, island tourists' consumption behavior and other fields.

In the context of the rapid development of China's tourism industry, tourism geography research has always been integrated with national strategic needs, providing crucial theoretical support for China's tourism industry practice. Chinese tourism geographers have made a noticeable impact in this process, with tourism being a meaningful way to transform the advantages of resources and environment into ecological and economic benefits under the support of the critical concept of "Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains Are Invaluable Assets" by establishing a mechanism to realize the value of ecological products and building a policy and institutional system to transform lucid waters and lush mountains into invaluable assets. By establishing a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, tourism development has become an essential means for backward regions to get rid of poverty. The measurement and analysis of the multidimensional poverty reduction effect of tourism can help identify poverty more accurately, and then study the multidimensional poverty reduction effect of tourism development on the economy, society, culture, and environment of impoverished regions. Through the research on the evolution of tourism spatial patterns under the influence of transportation in the new era, the differences in tourism influence regions, and the spatial behavior of tourism transportation, we can provide some theoretical support for sustainable and high-quality development tourism transportation. Facing the national strategic needs and work priorities, tourism geography research practice is both an effective combination with national conditions and a broad academic world.

Low-carbon tourism is a frontier and key field of tourism research in the context of climate change. This study analyzed the literature related to low-carbon tourism both in China and broad from Web of Science, CSSCI and CSCD databases by visualizing the data using CiteSpace, Alluvial Generator, and Excel. With Alluvial Generator, shock flow diagrams for co-cited networks were generated. Results show that: low-carbon tourism research abroad started earlier from the perspective of two-way interaction between external system and tourism industry. The goal of low-carbon tourism research abroad is to achive carbon neutrality. The research is based on ecological environment and engineering technology and have formed fixed regional cooperation networks. All key studies focus on the measurement of cabon emission using quantitative research. They have formed a relatively complete carbon reduction system. Recent low-carbon tourism research stage in China coincides with the period of rapid development abroad. Low-carbon tourism research in China is attached to the disciplines of tourism and economic management with no cooperative networks. In China, the research is carried out from the single perspective of sustainable development of the tourism industry, with not yet a complete system. Research in China is superior to foreign countries in the qualitative research such as concept and theory, in which key literatures lie in basic concepts, theories, carbon emission measurement, and analysis of influencing factors.

Tourism is regarded as an important tool for the implementation of the 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs); however few studies have systematically sorted out relevant research achievements, resulting in unclear research progress and knowledge gaps in this field. This study takes 82 tourism SSCI journals included in the Web of Science^TM database from 2015 to 2021 as samples, and aims to reveal the research development context and academic hotspots by sorting out the response of the tourism academic community to the 2030 SDGs, and to have a glimpse of possible knowledge gaps and inspire future research directions. The results show that: (1) The research on SDGs connected with tourism in 2030 has been positively responded by the tourism academic community, and has experienced two stages: initial exploration and rapid development. (2) Research hotspots focus on tourism and no poverty (SDG 1), good health and well-being (SDG 3), gender equality (SDG 5), clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), reducing inequality (SDG 10), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), climate action (SDG 13), and peace, justice and strong institutions (SDG 16). (3) Tourism is an active contributor to the implementation of the 2030 SDGs, but it faces many potential challenges and external threats. (4) In the future, it is necessary to focus on expanding the research framework for the connection of tourism to the SDGs, examining the contribution and challenges of tourism to the SDGs, clarifying the trade-offs and synergies that tourism affects SDGs, and paying attention to the contextual factors of tourism connection to the SDGs.

In order to achieve the high-quality development of transportation and tourism integration in China in the context of building national strength in transportation, it is of great significance to recognize the development context and future trend of the research on the integration of transportation and tourism in China, and to promote the innovation of theories and methods. Results show that: the number of papers on transport and tourism integration is increasing. Themes become further diversified and deepened and show the characteristics of an increasing intersection of multi-disciplines. The domestic research on the integration of transportation and travel shows three stages: the initial exploration stage from 1998 to 2006, the rapid development stage from 2007 to 2014, and the prosperity and development stage from 2015 to 2021. The research topics are mainly related to: (1) the layout and accessibility evaluation of tourism facilities; (2) the interaction between air transport and tourism development; (3) the reconstruction of the spatial pattern of high-speed railway and regional tourism; (4) the analysis of tourism flow and tourists' travel behavior; (5) the travel characteristics of tourism traffic under the disturbance of epidemic situation; (6) the integration of development path and product design. Based on the development trend of the discipline and the changes of the tourism market, the future research on the integration of transportation and tourism should focus on: (1) the theoretical innovation of the research on the integration of high-quality collaborative development; (2) the research on the cross-integration of traffic and tourism information technology; (3) the research on the adaptation of comprehensive three-dimensional traffic network oriented to the integration of transportation and tourism; (4) the reconstruction of high-speed traffic to tourism regional system; (5) the research on the patterns of tourists' travel behavior supported by big data; (6) evaluation of environmental effects of tourism traffic resources; (7) theory and practice of transport and tourism integration product design.

In recent years, the dark sky tourism market in China has been rapidly rising. However, little attention has been paid to this emerging type of tourism in domestic academia. In order to have a holistic understanding of international dark sky tourism development and research progress, this article employs the traditional literature analysis method to systematically sort out relevant studies published between 2001-2021. Based on the analysis of 62 English publications, results show that: (1) with the advancement of the global dark sky movement, the value of the starry dark sky for tourism has been utilised, and the dark sky programs for tourists have become mature in Western countries. (2) The empirical research on international dark sky tourism started in 2011, and the number of publications continues to grow. Qualitative and quantitative research has been developing simultaneously, but current research is mainly concentrated in developed countries and regions such as Europe and North America. (3) By analysing the umbrella concept of astro-tourism, this article has defined dark sky tourism and discussed its characteristics. (4) The progress of international dark sky tourism research mainly focuses on light pollution measurement and dark sky tourism development, multiple benefits of dark sky tourism development, dark sky tourism experience and its impact, and dark sky tourism destination development. For China's dark sky tourism stakeholders, the international research findings provide a certain theoretical basis for developing and managing this new type of tourism. At the same time, by learning international studies, domestic scholars are also encouraged to carry out specific empirical research in the Chinese dark sky tourism context, and then gradually establish the dialogue with Western dark sky tourism research.

Islands are sensitive areas where sea and land interact. Correctly handling the contradiction between human and land on islands and promoting the sustainable development of islands are the ultimate goals of the construction of ecological civilization and the implementation of national marine power strategy. Framed by vulnerability, this paper used combined weight method, set pair analysis method, and obstacle degree model to analyze the Social-Ecological System (SES) vulnerability characteristics and the evolution mechanism of its influencing factors in Changhai County from 2009 to 2018. The results are: (1) Comprehensive vulnerability and exposure followed the trend of "W" shape, sensitivity followed the trend of "M" shape, and adaptability followed the trend of "N" shape. (2) From the perspective of "exposure-sensitivity-adaptability," the analysis on the fragile structure showed that the sensitivity and adaptability of the regulation should be the focus, as well as monitoring the exposure index level. (3) Analysis of the sensitive coupling structure showed that Changhai County government should not only control the threshold of a single system, but also focus on the carrying capacity of the composite system. (4) Analysis of the adaptive control structure demonstrated that future capital investment on adaptation can be adjusted with reference to the 2012 control structure. (5) Analysis of the evolution mechanism of the key factors influencing vulnerability level showed that the continuous barrier factors of vulnerability should be strictly controlled, and the "fragility reduction" boosting factors should be developed to reduce the resistance of the "fragility reduction" barrier factors and promote the sustainable development of islands.

Cross-culture, cross-discipline, and cross-field research in tourism geography has become a new trend. How we promote multi-culture, multi-discipline, and multi-field research has become a key issue in tourism geography research that needs to be solved urgently. This article focuses on the cross-cultural, cross-disciplinary, and cross-field perspectives of tourism geography research. Firstly, the importance of cross-culture communication in tourism geography research from a macro level is discussed. Secondly, the explanatory power of cross-discipline research in the phenomenon of tourism geography from the disciplinary level is demonstrated. Finally, the unique role of cross-field research in exploring new trends in tourism development from the field level is analyzed. This article holds that the focuses of Chinese tourism geography research should adhere to the spirit of openness, inclusiveness, and diversity; closely integrate with China's economic and social development practices in the new era; and develop tourism geography with Chinese characteristics.

Ecotourism plays an important role in promoting the protection and utilization of ecological resources in natural preserves in a scientific way and coordinating the sustainable development of man-land relationship in natural preserves. In the context of the new natural preserve system development in China, the utilization of natural preserves also needs to be creative and optimized. By reviewing the 546 papers of ecotourism in natural preserves published on Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) since 1996 and using CiteSpace as a visualization tool, this paper presented the research stages and their characteristics, research hotspots, and main contents. This paper also detailed the domestic research from five aspects: connotation and principles, planning and design, functional zoning, operation and management, and community participation. Moreover, this paper provided a summarize on the scale, method, and content of the research, and discussed how to promote the research of natural preserve utilization in China.

The Chinese government has strengthened “ecological protection, national representation, and universal public welfare” as the ideology of tourists’ understanding national parks. Making full use of the protected areas as public resources through tourism and recreation to promote public welfare is a basic requirement to reinforce ecological conservation outcomes. This research detected the perception among tourists towards the functions of the Wuyishan National Park, the expectation of tourism and recreational services, and the attitude of the public to be involved in ecological conservation. By interviewing individual tourists through questionnaires, we found that tourists paid great attention to functions that have a direct impact on themselves such as recreation and environmental education. However, functions relating to the functional zoning in the national park and regional development through national park planning are not clear. Tourists required diverse and innovative ways of enjoying nature whose choices are influenced by socio-demographic factors including age, career, income, education, etc. Most of the tourists showed a willingness to support ecological conservation in different ways although lacking ecological conservation information is a barrier at the moment. The results indicated that the national park should meet the diversified demand of tourists by designing programmes considering multiple dimensions including intensity, science, and safety. However, to facilitate the active participation of tourists in ecological conservation, national parks should also inform tourists of the multiple functions of national parks, their geographical importance, and zoning as the management bases for public welfare. Thus, a new paradigm of tourism and recreation based on tourists’ understanding of national parks’ public welfare orientation is necessary, which may encourage tourists to participate in ecological conservation as well as improve their tourism and recreational experience.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) promotes a great growth of marine tourism in China. Especially when "Quanzhou - World Ocean Trade Center during Song-Yuan Dynasty of Ancient China" was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, numerous studies have focused on marine tourism. Since blue economy is a new concept of ocean economy, the purpose of this paper is to assess future trends and challenges of marine tourism in the context of blue economy. Literature review and case study were conducted in this study. We found that (1) marine tourism based on blue economy is essential for sustainable tourism development. (2) To achieve the transformation from marine tourism to blue economy and economic growth, event and festival tourism, as well as ecotourism and cruise tourism are good approaches. However, the adoption of approaches depends on the specific natural and human environment in different locations. (3) COVID-19, Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, global warming, and ocean plastics are main challenges for the blue economy development of marine tourism. Thus, a comprehensive consensus on blue economy at regional and global scales among nations is crucial for overcoming difficulties. This study improves the theoretical framework of marine tourism in the context of blue economy. It also provides valuable practical insights for marine tourism development in the context of blue economy in China and other regions in the world.

Travel itinerary is affected by the spatial distance between destinations, tourism experience and traffic conditions. The traditional travel itinerary design is mainly based on the spatial distance between destinations with the application of ant colony algorith. Based on ant colony algorithm and Pareto optimal model, this paper constructs a multi-objective optimal tourism route planning and design method considering the factors of spatial distance between destinations, weather conditions and transportation. Through MATLAB simulation experiment, with the fixed travel time, the improved method is comprehensively evaluated from the perspectives of spatial distance, traffic experience index and browsing experience index (based on weather conditions). The results show that in the experiments of multiple tourist cities (scenic spots), the traditional ant colony algorithm sacrifices a lot of optimization of the two indexes in order to obtain the shortest distance. Although the improved ant colony algorithm increases the route distance, tourists can obtain more tourism experiences, which verifies the effectiveness of multi-objective optimal tourism itinerary planning and design under the Pareto optimal model.

The global ski industry shows rapid development and uneven spatial pattern. In this study, spatial analysis and statistical methods were used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of the global ski industry based on 4 characteristic indicators: total skiing visitors, number of ski resorts, ski resort equipment upgrading, and venues of Winter Olympics. The results show that the Alpine region of Europe is still the main agglomeration area of the global ski industry in the world, followed by America and Northeast Asia. The global ski resort equipment upgrade level presents a trend of continuous optimization. The Winter Olympic Games have a significant influence on the development of the global ski industry. The host of the Winter Olympic Games has moved from the core region of Western Europe to Northeast Asia. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a certain impact on the global ski industry, with the total number of skiing visitors worldwide in 2020 decreasing by 17.1% compared with that in 2019. Taking the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing as an opportunity, measures such as China's "three hundred million people participating in the ice and snow campaign", building state-level ski resorts, and actively preparing for the Winter Olympics to welcome participants from various countries will effectively alleviate the impact of COVID-19 on the global ski industry. It will also promote the sustainable and high-quality development of the global snow industry and accelerate the growth of East Asia as the growth pole of the global ski industry.

The industrial attributes of tourism determine the practicality of tourism geography research. In the process of supporting the national strategy and the demand of industrial practice, the subject of tourism geography in China presents new characteristics in research fields, methods, and applications. This paper summarized and prospected the topics of tourism planning, tourism resources, tourism big data, and tourism experimental methods. We found that (1) Tourism planning is an important perspective to understand the development of tourism geography research. The knowledge domain of tourism planning mainly includes 12 aspects, such as tourism development strategies and countermeasures, tourism industry and tourism enterprises, rural tourism and rural revitalization, etc. (2) The general investigation of culture and tourism resources in the new era faces important practical needs such as protection and integrated utilization, which brings new propositions for the study of tourism geography, including connotation, classification and evaluation of cultural tourism resources, information integration and application of the investigation, as well as investigation technology and organization mode. (3) New features of big data require tourism geography to explore new scientific issues. More attention should be paid on the norms of statistical measurement model and index rules of tourism big data, data ethics and information cocoons, geographical effect and spatial pattern of tourism big data. (4) Experimental research methods promote the change of tourism research from description to interpretation and prediction at epistemological level, from survey to direct measurement at methodology level, which provide a path for understanding the key scientific issues of human and land relations in tourism situation. Therefore, with the strategic requirements and the development trend of tourism of the new era, tourism geography should strengthen industry practices, research methods, and disciplines intersection to support national strategies and regional social and economic development.

Tourist environmentally responsible behavior is of great significance for the sustainable development of rural tourism and the sustainable poverty alleviation of rural residents. Based on the theory of emotional solidarity, this study explores the predictive effect of tourists’ emotional solidarity on their environmentally responsible behavior. Taking the traditional villages in southeastern Shanxi Province as a case study, this paper uses qualitative and quantitative research methods to test the dimensions of tourists' environmentally responsible behavior and the existence of the influencing path of "emotional solidarity- environmentally responsible behavior". The results show that: (1) In the context of traditional villages' homestay inn, tourist environmentally responsible behavior includes not only ecological environmentally responsible behavior, but also social and economic environmentally responsible behavior. (2) The emotional solidarity between tourists and homestay inn owners can significantly affect tourist environmentally responsible behavior, and the ranking of influence significance is ecological, social, and economic environmentally responsible behavior. (3) The influencing significance ranking of the three second-order constructs of emotional solidarity on tourist environmentally responsible behavior is sympathetic understanding, emotional closeness, and felling welcomed. The research expands the application scope of the theory of emotional solidarity, provides a new perspective for the research of tourists' environmentally responsible behavior, and also provides practical enlightenment for rural tourism destinations to stimulate tourist environmentally responsible behavior.