Spatial clustering characteristics and influencing mechanism of peer-to-peer accommodations: The case of Airbnb in Beijing
Received date: 2021-09-23
Request revised date: 2021-10-19
Online published: 2022-05-30
Copyright
China has been accelerating the construction of a “dual circulation” development pattern, which takes the domestic market as the mainstay. The rapid development of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodations has drawn great academic attention, as it could improve the utilization rate of idle housing resources and expand the domestic tourism market demand. However, the geographic studies of P2P accommodation in China are relatively scant. Accordingly, this study sought to identify spatial clustering characteristics and explore influencing mechanism of P2P accommodations from a geographic perspective. Airbnb in Beijing was selected as the case study. Exploratory spatial analysis and Geodetector were employed. The findings suggested that: (1) Airbnb listings were gathered in the center of the city, and sparsely distributed in the peripheral areas. (2) Hot spots were clustered in and around the fourth ring road, and there were different degrees of spatial clustering between Airbnb and other related geographical elements. (3) The number of recreational facilitir, distance to the city center, and the number of public service facilities had stronger explanatory power. The explanation power of double-factor interactions were stronger than which of single factors. (4) The clustering characteristics of Airbnb in Beijing were the result of the coupling and interaction among various elements, namely the hosts, guests, government, and platform, and these elements affected in different forms and to different degrees. Theoretically, this paper deepen the research on the tourism accommodation industry in China. Practically, empirical evidence from this study has great implications for the layout of P2P accommodations and urban governance in the future.
JIA Wentong , HUANG Zhenfang , HONG Xueting , GUO Xuqi . Spatial clustering characteristics and influencing mechanism of peer-to-peer accommodations: The case of Airbnb in Beijing[J]. ECOTOURISM, 2021 , 11(5) : 751 -766 . DOI: 10.12342/zgstly.20210091
表1 Airbnb与其他相关地理要素的双变量全局Moran's I统计值Tab. 1 Bivariate global Moran's I statistics of Airbnb and other related geographic elements |
Airbnb-星级酒店 | Airbnb-经济型酒店 | Airbnb-旅游风景区 | Airbnb-住宅区 | Airbnb-生活配套设施 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moran's I | 0.408 | 0.469 | 0.186 | 0.139 | 0.446 |
Z值 | 35.563 | 38.347 | 17.379 | 12.953 | 38.420 |
注:表中所有Z值其p值均小于0.001。 |
表2 影响因素指标体系Tab. 2 Index system of influencing factors |
指标维度 | 探测因子 | 因子阐释 |
---|---|---|
经济环境 | 国内生产总值X1 | 提取格网内的国内生产总值 |
房价水平X2 | 格网内小区房价的均值 | |
人口因素 | 人口数量X3 | 提取格网内的总人口数 |
人口活跃度X4 | 格网内新浪微博签到数量 | |
交通可达性 | 距机场距离X5 | 格网中心至最近机场的直线距离 |
距火车站距离X6 | 格网中心至最近火车站的直线距离 | |
距长途汽车站距离X7 | 格网中心至最近长途汽车站的直线距离 | |
距市中心距离X8 | 格网中心至市中心(天安门)的直线距离 | |
距主干道距离X9 | 格网中心至最近主干道的直线距离 | |
距地铁站距离X10 | 格网中心至最近地铁站的直线距离 | |
生活便利度 | 公共服务设施数量X11 | 格网内公共服务设施数量 |
购物服务设施数量X12 | 格网内购物服务设施数量 | |
餐饮服务设施数量X13 | 格网内餐饮服务设施数量 | |
休闲娱乐设施数量X14 | 格网内休闲娱乐设施数量 | |
距三甲医院距离X15 | 格网中心至最近三甲医院的直线距离 | |
距高等院校距离X16 | 格网中心至最近高等院校的直线距离 | |
旅游吸引力 | 距高级别旅游景区距离X17 | 格网中心至最近4A或5A景区的直线距离 |
其他旅游资源数量X18 | 格网内其他旅游资源数量 |
表3 北京市Airbnb空间集聚特征的因子探测结果Tab. 3 Factor detection results on the spatial clustering characteristics of Airbnb in Beijing |
影响因素 | q值 | 影响因素 | q值 |
---|---|---|---|
国内生产总值X1 | 0.2474 | 距地铁站距离X10 | 0.2316 |
房价水平X2 | 0.3213 | 公共服务设施数量X11 | 0.4058 |
人口数量X3 | 0.3087 | 购物服务设施数量X12 | 0.2228 |
人口活跃度X4 | 0.3888 | 餐饮服务设施数量X13 | 0.3648 |
距机场距离X5 | 0.1480 | 休闲娱乐设施数量X14 | 0.4280 |
距火车站距离X6 | 0.2043 | 距三甲医院距离X15 | 0.1863 |
距长途汽车站距离X7 | 0.2877 | 距高等院校距离X16 | 0.1530 |
距市中心距离X8 | 0.4174 | 距高级别旅游景区距离X17 | 0.1054 |
距主干道距离X9 | 0.0527 | 其他旅游资源数量X18 | 0.1960 |
注:表中所有指标的q值其p值均小于0.001。 |
表4 北京市Airbnb空间集聚特征的交互探测结果Tab. 4 Interactive detection results on the spatial clustering characteristics of Airbnb in Beijing |
q值 | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 | X12 | X13 | X14 | X15 | X16 | X17 | X18 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 0.25 | |||||||||||||||||
X2 | 0.40 | 0.32 | ||||||||||||||||
X3 | 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.31 | |||||||||||||||
X4 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.39 | ||||||||||||||
X5 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.15 | |||||||||||||
X6 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.47 | 0.34 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||
X7 | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.55 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.29 | |||||||||||
X8 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.42 | ||||||||||
X9 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.45 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0.05 | |||||||||
X10 | 0.37 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.47 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.47 | 0.25 | 0.23 | ||||||||
X11 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.41 | |||||||
X12 | 0.42 | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.53 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.22 | ||||||
X13 | 0.52 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.48 | 0.54 | 0.57 | 0.40 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.43 | 0.36 | |||||
X14 | 0.54 | 0.59 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.43 | ||||
X15 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.46 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.46 | 0.36 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.19 | |||
X16 | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.46 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.36 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.30 | 0.15 | ||
X17 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.46 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0.17 | 0.30 | 0.47 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.11 | |
X18 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.52 | 0.37 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.20 |
注:浅灰色填充表示交互作用类型为双因子增强,加粗字体表示交互作用类型为非线性增强。 |
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