In the era of mobile internet, there is a new competitive pattern and trend in short-form video marketing among tourism destinations. However, there has not been a systematic investigation on how short-form videos produce and market the tourism destination images. Starting from the meaning of short videos to people's life experience and existence, this paper took Wuzhen as an example, selected 8 popular short-form videos (4 official videos and 4 influencer videos) on the Douyin platform, and used comprehensive methods including netnography and field survey to analyze the thematic characteristics of Wuzhen’s tourism destination images in short-form videos. The results indicate that: (1) In terms of constituent elements of the tourism destination images, both official videos and influencer videos highly emphasize the outstanding universal value (OUV) of Wuzhen’s heritage value, natural ecological environment, and humanistic connotations. Besides that, the official videos also incorporate the nostalgic feeling of “home”. (2) In terms of thematic significance of the tourism destination images, Wuzhen is characterized as a place with three meanings, the taohuayuan (literally, peach blossom spring) — an ideal and utopic land of peace away from the turmoil of the world; the unique cultural “alien space”, and the “sacred nostalgic place” that allows people to calm down. (3) In terms of the production mechanism of the destination image, the official video emphasizes the “constructed authenticity”, and its anchor point is “beauty”; while the influencer video emphasizes the “objective authenticity”, and its anchor point is “truth”. This study provides a feasible analytical framework of “constituent elements + thematic meaning + authenticity” for video image data analysis: frame should be seen as the analysis unit; the conclusions should be interpreted around its thematic significance in the sense of being; and authenticity is the fundamental topic that cannot be avoided in video image data analysis. This study also points out that compared with the official channels, tourism managers need to pay attention to the value and role of internet influencers in contemporary short-form video tourism marketing.

In the era of the internet and new media, the construction of internet-famous streets has become an important way to enhance the attractiveness of urban tourism. Based on agenda-setting theory, we chose Nimman Road, a typical internet-famous tourist street in Chiang Mai, Thailand as a case. This study collected second-hand data from the official websites of the Tourism Authority of Thailand, and the Mafengwo tourism platform (including 23 travel blogs). Interviews with five tourists who had visited Nimman Road were also conducted to complement and validate the secondary data. Discourse analysis was performed to analyze the discourse practice of the image construction of internet-famous tourist street. The results show that (1) the Thai official website, Chinese platform and tourists jointly construct Nimman Road as a fashionable, elite-style and youth-friendly internet-famous tourist street. (2) The official describes Nimman Road as a fashionable and creative street, facing a relatively generalized audience; the tourism platform focuses on a specific customer group of youth and expresses directly Nimman Road as a place for young people to visit; the tourists modify their cognition through personal experience and actively express their true feelings on the internet. Their feedback plays a role in the construction process of the internet-famous street, providing proof of reverse agenda setting. (3) The symbols of Nimman Road, such as creativity, and elite-style, are shaped by the official discourse, reinforced by the platform discourse, and accepted by tourists to a certain extent. The discourses are influenced by the development process and features of the street, the precision of tourism distribution in the time of social media, and the social life in the transitional period.

Achieving a sense of well-being for tourists contributes to the social well-being of river and lake tourism destinations. Adopting the constructive grounded theory, this paper explores the elements of tourist well-being in river and lake scenarios and its embodied generating mechanisms. The study finds that: (1) Tourist well-being in the river and lake scenarios consists of positive emotion, immersion, social connection, accomplishment, and self-discovery, of which positive emotion, immersion, and social connection are mainly hedonic well-being. In contrast, accomplishment and self-discovery are mainly eudaimonic well-being. (2) The generation of tourists well-being in river and lake scenarios is the result of the dynamic interaction ofthe presence and absence of tourist’s body with the scenarios. The tourists’ present body generates well-being through embodied experiences (multisensory perceptions, body movements or behaviors, situational interactions, memories and associations) in river and lake tourism scenarios. The tourists’ absent body generates well-being expecta-tions and well-being precipitations through interaction with daily and tourist scenarios. (3) There is a bidirectional constructive relationship between the river and lake tourists’ embodied experience and the sense of well-being. The well-being generated by the tourists will prompt the body to interact with the scenarios again to gain embodied experience, which in turn generates a sense of well-being again. The findings of the study have theoretical and practical value for enhancing tourist well-being in the river and lake tourism scenarios.

Recreation is a common trend in the utilization of reservoirs in various countries. Taking 4748 large and medium-sized reservoirs in China in 2022 as the research object, the study analyses the pattern of recreational utilization of reservoirs and its influencing factors at multiple scales. The results show that: (1) There are 636 recreational reservoirs in China, accounting for 13.40% of the total number of large and medium-sized reservoirs; the overall recreation utilization rate is low, and varies significantly among eastern, central and western regions of China, with the utilization rate of 11.14%, 15.60% and 13.05%, respectively; water-related recreation area systems are the dominant type of recreation reservoirs. (2) The number of recreational reservoirs in eastern, central and western regions of China accounts for 24.21%, 41.04% and 34.75%, respectively; except for Shanghai and Tibet, recreational reservoirs are distributed in 29 provincail-level regions, more concentrated in the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and they are distributed in 262 cities out of the 333 prefecture-level cities; 92% of recreational reservoirs are located in areas with precipitation above 400 mm, the Yangtze River basin has the largest number, the river basins in southwest China have the lowest number, and the Huaihe River basin has the densest distribution. (3) The spatial structure is characterized by “one core and one belt”, the one core is Shandong province and the one belt is the band area connected by cities in the Yangtze River basin including Chengdu, Chongqing, Guiyang, Changsha and Nanchang. (4) Economic and social factors are main reasons for the spatial distribution differences in recreational reservoirs, 6 indicators such as the per capita disposable income in urban and rural areas, and fixed-asset investment are significant indicators; natural factors directly affect the formation of resource conditions and indirectly affect the transformation of recreational reservoirs. The study can provide a scientific foundation for improving the level of recreational use of large and medium-sized reservoirs and promoting the ecological protection and governance of important rivers, lakes and reservoirs in China.

Tourism-driven rural transformation is a key solution to revitalize the rural areas. Based on the perspective of Actor Network Theory, we analyze the actor composition and translation paths of rural transformation in Zhuquan Villages in Yinan County as a case study, and explore the process and mechanism of multiple actors driving the village transformation from a poor village to one of the most beautiful village in China. The results show that: (1) Multiple key actors such as Yinan County government, planning team and investment developers, together with human or non-human actors such as the Village committee, villagers, bamboo forest and spring, formed during the transformation of Zhuquan village are the subjects of heterogeneous actor network construction. (2) The transformation of Zhuquan Village is characterized by stages, with the initial stage being the construction of a network of actors through administrative recruitment by the county government to ensure the decision of rural tourism. The mid-term planning team coordinated to resolve key differences among different stakeholders in the transformation process and clarify the direction of the transformation of Zhuquan Village. Later on, the investment company developed and operated the tourist attraction through a variety of conscription methods such as capital and land, which realized the coordinated development of the tourist attraction and the construction of the new village and promoted the transformation of the rural village. (3) The transformation process of Zhuquan Village is inseparable from the joint drive of key actors, and the sharing of benefits among multiple actors is a guarantee for the sustainable transformation of the village. The paper analyzes the process of continuous reconstruction of the actor network to drive rural transformation, which can provide useful reference for optimal decision-making on rural transformation at different stages of development.

The reality of destination crowding has a long history, and the academic community has long been concerned with theoretical and empirical research on tourist crowding perceptions. However, there has not yet reached consensus on understanding of the role of tourist crowding perceptions in influencing tourist satisfaction, and even contradictory views have emerged. Therefore, the study conducts a meta-analysis of a sample of 39 independent studies to explore the relationship between tourists’ perception of crowding and its dimensions and tourist satisfaction, and focuses on the potential factors affecting the relationship between the two. The results show that (1) both tourist crowding perception and spatial crowding perception have a significant negative effect on tourist satisfaction, but visitor-flow crowding perception has a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction. However, the correlation between tourist crowding perception/spatial crowding perception/crowd crowding perception and tourist satisfaction is not strong; (2) there is a moderating effect of tourist age and measurement tools in the relationship between tourist crowding perception and tourist satisfaction; (3) tourist gender and sample size cannot significantly affect the relationship between tourist crowding perception and satisfaction. The study used meta-analysis to validate the relationship between tourist crowding perception and its dimensions and tourist satisfaction, and revealed the factors affecting the transformation of tourist crowding perception to tourist satisfaction, which can provide a reference for destinations to formulate crowding management policies.

Subjective well-being embodies the value kernel of tourism development to promote sustainable livelihoods of residents. This paper constructs an analytical framework and indicator system from the perspective of livelihood capital, and applies fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the complex impact of livelihood capital on residents’ subjective well-being by taking Simolawa Village in Tengchong, Yunnan Province, as a case study, in order to reveal the configuration paths affecting the subjective well-being of residents in tourism sites. The study shows that residents of Simolawa Village generally have higher levels of subjective well-being, with higher satisfaction in environmental aspects and relatively low economic satisfaction; a single dimension of livelihood capital cannot be a necessary condition for enhancing the subjective well-being of residents in tourist destinations, but it has an important impact on subjective well-being, with cultural, psychological, social, and financial capitals, in particular, being the most critical; cultural + psychological + financial capital, cultural + psychological + financial + physical capital, social + cultural + financial capital, the three combinations constitute the main configuration path of factors influencing the subjective well-being of residents in tourist destinations. The study helps to deepen the theoretical knowledge of how tourism can enhance people's well-being and show the attributes of the happiness industry, and provides a basis for decision-making to improve the subjective well-being of residents in tourist destinations.

Lakes are important tourist attractions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are very sensitive to environmental changes and human activities. In order to leverage the relationship of ecological protection, community development and tourism development, we established a tourism destination sustainability index system with the fuzzy Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process based on the stakeholder evaluation framework for sustainable ecotourism. Then, the index system was applied to Qinghai Lake and the relationship of “resource-community-tourism” was jointly evaluated by resource managers, community residents and tourists. Finally, a total of 31 indicators of 6 dimensions were obtained. The relationship between resource and communities obtained the highest weight among the three groups, which reflected the resource-dependent characteristics and green development needs of the lake tourism communities on the plateau. The expert group believed that the ecological index selection for plateau lake destinations should attach importance to biodiversity and environmental conservation from the regional ecosystem perspective. The application of the evaluation method in Qinghai Lake shows its applicability and effectiveness. This paper enhances the participation of stakeholders in the index system establishment for relationship evaluation and provides an alternative method for assessing the sustainability of lake destinations on the plateau with insufficient monitoring data. It can provide decision-making support for a coordinated green development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Under the double-wheel drive of new urbanization and rural revitalization strategy, suburban townships have become an important spatial reconstruction zone. Adopting the actor network theory, we discuss the spatial reconstruction process and mechanism of Anren “World Cultural and Museum Town”. The results show that: (1) the actors in Anren Ancient Town include human actors such as local government, tourism development companies, art and architecture designers and residents, as well as non-human actors such as cultural relics collection, museum complexes, and rural landscapes. The development of the actor network in Anren Ancient Town has gone through three stages: power capital led, cultural capital led, and economic capital led. (2) In the construction of long-term heterogeneous actor networks, Anren Ancient Town has kept adopting diverse processes of recruitment and mobilization, such as cultural recruitment, educational recruitment, brand linkage, and artistic recruitment, to promote the formation of a dynamic actor network in Anren Ancient Town. (3) Under the background of the double-wheel drive of new urbanization and rural revitalization strategy, the final spatial reconstruction of Anren Ancient Town is mainly manifested as quality consum- ption space, humanistic and aesthetic ecological space and multi-functional production space of the ancient town. While preserving the rural space, the town also reconstructs the rural landscape and forms an inseparable “urban-rural” aesthetic ecosystem with the built-up area of the ancient town.

With the deepening of the concept of “community of life between human and nature”, accelerating the theoretical innovation of river basin ecological civilization is an important task for adhering to and improving socialism with Chinese characteristics. Based on the epochal nature of ecological civilization construction and the specificity of river basins, and taking Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization in the new era as the starting point, this paper intends to put forward the concept of socialist river basin ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and explains the connotation of the concept, the theoretical system, the elemental objects and the practical space involved. The study concludes: (1) socialist river basin ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics in the new era is rooted in Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization, which is an extension of the river basin ecological civilization. It refers to the sum of various spiritual forms and material achievements that achieve high-quality development of the river basin from the perspective of harmonious coexistence and modernization between human and nature. (2) Socialist river basin ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics in the new era takes the concept of “Two Mountains” as its core theory, which is a systematic and interconnected conceptual system. (3) Socialist river basin ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics in the new era is aimed at river basins, pointing to clear elements, including both micro elements of “mountain, river, forest, field, lake, grass and sand”, and macro elements of “upstream and downstream, left and right banks, trunk and tributaries”. These two elements together constitute the “complex basin system” with the unity of object and function. (4) The space targeted by the practice of socialist river basin ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics in the new era follows the division form of production space, living space, and ecological space.

Rafting recreation is one of the forms of ecotourism mainly based on river and lake recreation sports, and rafters, rafting water, rafting industry and rafting environment are the symbiotic subjects constituting the rafting recreation system. This paper uses CiteSpace visualization and analysis software, and draws on the theory of “four-component system of ecotourism”, and then analyzes the relevant research results of Web of Science, and finally reaches the following conclusions: The research on rafting recreation lags behind the practice in general, and there was an obvious discontinuity before the 1990s. The research covers the heterogeneity, motivation, experience perception, physical and mental impacts of rafters, scenic river system, flow rate and water quality, rafting safety management, product development and sustainable development of the industry, and the requirements of facilities and activity control in rafting sites. In general, the research perspective has shifted from focusing on the realization of the single goal of the “four-component” to taking into account the elements, and then to the synergy of multiple goals, but the unidimensional study of the “four-component” needs to be deepened, and the synergistic relationship and interaction mechanism with the external environment of the “four-component” need to be improved. It is suggested that China’s rafting recreation research should learn from existing achievements, further deepen the unidimensional research on the “four-component”, and at the same time strengthen the systematic view of the “people-environment-industry” symbiosis, expand the research on the synergistic mechanism of the “four-component” as well as on the mutual influence between the “four-component” and the external environment, so as to provide scientific references for the development of ecotourism in rivers and lakes, as well as for the construction of river and lake protected area systems.

Ethnic villages are rich in tourism resources, such as culture and ecology, and tourism development has become an important driver of their reconstruction. Taking Puzhihei Xianrendong Village as a case, this paper explores the process and mechanism of tourism promoting the reconstruction of ethnic villages by using the methods of fieldwork, in-depth interview and participatory observation. The research indicates that: (1) driven by tourism, the development of Xianrendong Village has gone through three stages: exploration, accelerated transformation and system reconstruction. (2) The transformation of traditional agriculture and fishery to tourism functions such as sightseeing and recreation, cultural experience and leisure vacation has led to the diversification of villagers’ livelihood and the upgrading of village industrial structure, thus promoting the reconstruction of rural economy; the development of tourism industry promotes the protection and landscape utilization of production, living and ecological space, accelerates the compound utilization and integrated development of “production-living-ecology space”, and promotes the reconstruction of rural space. The development of tourism industry has promoted the diversification of rural governance subjects and improved the enthusiasm of villagers to participate in rural governance. The traditional self-governance system based on the social relations of bloodline and acquaintances has transformed to the modern “three-governance” system with the core of the business relationship and system. (3) Tourism promotes the goal enhancement, motivation stimulation, factor integration, community participation and normative restriction in the development of ethnic villages, and then forms a virtuous circle mechanism of value vision renewal, core motivation transformation, development factors integration, expansion of participants, optimization of out-of-order regulation, and promotes the reconstruction of rural economy, space, and social systems.

As a major outbound tourism country, the changes in Chinese tourists’ online attention to overseas tourist destinations serve as a crucial reference for post-COVID-19 tourism recovery strategies. This study focuses on the 60 countries parcipating in the Belt and Road Initiative and their 96 tourist destinations. Employing Baidu Index for monitoring attention dynamics, coupled with Singular Value Decomposition, Wavelet Analysis, and Geodetector, we analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics and associated impacts of the outbound tourism online attention. The findings are as follows: (1) At the post-COVID-19 stage, there is an overall increasing trend in Chinese tourists’ attention towards destinations, particularly to countries like Italy, Egypt, South Korea, Russia, and Greece. (2) The online attention mainly exhibits three spatio-temporal patterns: routine attention with a 7-day cycle, long-period attention with a 48-day cycle, and short-term sudden attention with a 3-day cycle. These patterns significantly interact in shaping destination preferences, with long-term attention exerting a leading influence on the spatio-temporal patterns of other types. (3) The differen- tiation of spatio-temporal characteristics of tourism online attention is jointly influenced by the disposable time of Chinese tourists and their positive response to international tourism market promotions. Additionally, destination countries’ public health policies, economic recovery pace, sustainability of tourism infrastructure, and Sino-foreign bilateral relations also impact the cyclical fluctuations and geographical distribution of online attention. This study deepens the understanding of post-COVID-19 outbound tourism online attention characteristics and reveals the synergistic enhancement relationships between different attention types. These insights provide data support for developing differentiated international tourism cooperation strategies, thereby facilitating the recovery of the tourism industry.

Scientific understanding of the key areas and development trends of tourism safety research under the Belt and Road Initiative is of great significance for effectively promoting the construction of tourism corridors and fostering connectivity among countries amidst unprecedented profound changes. Using the CiteSpace bibliometric tool, this paper visualized and analyzed 488 domestic and international papers on tourism safety research under the Belt and Road Initiative, sourced from the CNKI and Web of Science databases. The results showed that tourism safety research under the Belt and Road Initiative has undergone three stages: The initial exploration period, the rapid development period, and the COVID-19 epidemic impact period. The research topics include the situation of tourism safety risks, characteristics of tourism safety accidents, investment security in the tourism industry, and cooperation in tourism safety governance. Existing research presents a rich exploration of public safety risks outside the tourism industry, an obvious geographical concentration in the tourism safety accident research, insufficient breadth in tourism investment safety research, and a lack of quantitative research on tourism safety governance. Based on the theoretical development and practical needs of tourism safety under the Belt and Road Initiative, future research should pay attention to the exploration of the multilateral interaction of tourism security from an international perspective, build an analytical framework covering multiple stakeholders, promote the innovative application of dynamic tracking technology, and improve the construction of a theoretical system for tourism safety. This will provide a useful reference for promoting the development of safety in the tourism industry under the Belt and Road Initiative.

Expanding and deepening tourism cooperation between the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries and regions is an important part of the joint construction of the BRI, which has important strategic significance for promoting global economic growth and humanistic exchanges. After four stages of development, including the establishment of pillars and beams, fluctuating development, epidemic control and market recovery, tourism cooperation along the BRI has achieved great progress in infrastructure “hard connectivity”, rules and standards “soft connectivity”, as well as people-to-people “heart connectivity”. At the same time, the scale of BRI tourism market has significantly expanded, industrial investment has continued to grow, unified brands have gradually formed, security has gradually strengthened, and cooperation platforms have been enriched. In the future, BRI tourism cooperation will not only encounter new opportunities for deepening transportation connectivity, digital economy and green development, but also face challenges such as complicated external environment, unbalanced regional development and weak global soft connectivity. We should have the vision of building BRI tourism community of shared destiny which has interconnected facilities, linked standards, and integrated cultures, as well as a high level of openness, industrial resilience and security. In order to realize the vision, we should continue to build a seamless three-dimensional tourism transportation network, accelerate the construction of smooth linkage and docking mechanism for tourism policies, continue to expand the platform for civil exchanges, promote the construction of a new pattern of all-round opening-up, explore the construction of a multi-level tourism resilience system, and work together to guarantee the multi-dimensional prevention and control of security issues.

Haze pollution is a derivative of human modernity and has become a constraint on the sustainable development of tourism in many countries and regions around the world. This article systematically analyzes foreign literature on the impact of haze pollution on tourism based on 31 English papers published in international journals from 2000 to 2020. It is found that the research on the impact of haze on tourism has gone through four stages: slow start, brief stagnation, steady recovery, and accelerated development. The theories used by researchers are mainly risk perception theory, protection motivation theory, planned behavior theory and Foggy behavior theory. Research methods include econometric method, experimental method, content analysis, geographical spatial analysis, etc. The research theme follows the two logical lines of impact research and coping research, focusing on the impacts of haze pollution on tourism market demand, individual tourists, and tourism destinations, and proposing response strategies from the perspectives of information management, environmental regulation, tourism attraction innovation and technological innovation, and service quality improvement. In view of the deficiencies of the existing studies, this article proposes research prospects by broadening the boundaries of research content, expanding the application of diverse methods, and enriching the application of multidisciplinary theories, in order to provide theoretical references and practical references to maintain the sustainable development of China's tourism industry.

Extreme heat and heat waves pose significant dangers to outdoor leisure activities. Revealing the risk pattern and sensitive activity to high temperature can provide scientific basis for public health well-being and sustainable development of tourism. Scholars have rarely addressed the heat exposure associated with outdoor activities in prior research, primarily because dependable data on outdoor activities is scarce. This article fills this research gap by mining trajectory data to reveal the distribution and heat exposure patterns of heat-sensitive outdoor activities. Specifically, this study examined the thermal spatiotemporal pattern of Chengdu during the summer season from 2010 to 2020, utilizing all-weather surface temperature products. By doing so, it identified typical regions characterized by elevated risks of heat exposure. Using trajectory clustering models and trajectory processing algorithms, we additionally unveiled the high temperature exposure risk of critical clusters and nodes of typical outdoor tourism activities. The findings indicate that the thermal pattern of the city of Chengdu is generally warm in the city's core and chilly in the northwest. High and sub-high temperature area encompass the central plain area along the Fourth Ring Road and exhibits an expansion trend to the east and north. Between 2010 and 2020, Chengdu experienced a sustained expansion of high-temperature and sub-high-temperature zones. Outdoor tourism pursuits, including mountaineering and hiking, became more susceptible to elevated levels of heat exposure, with mountaineering being less susceptible to high temperatures than hiking. The public is impacted by elevated temperatures throughout the entirety of their participation in outdoor leisure pursuits. The expansion of high-temperature zones has led to an increasing heat exposure risk of outdoor leisure activity in the northern and eastern Chengdu. Longquan Mountain in the eastern region may lose its climatic superiority in the future, and the areas that are appropriate for outdoor activities may undergo changes temporary and spatially. In light of the findings presented in this article, pertinent management departments may decide to give precedence to the optimization of service and infrastructure resource allocation in urban environments that are susceptible to high temperatures.

The intricate connection between tourism and gentrification reveals the multifaceted interplay between tourism development and the reconfiguration of urban and rural social landscapes. The concept of ‘tourism gentrification’ offers a valuable lens to dissect the political economy and socio-cultural mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Drawing from a comprehensive analysis of Chinese and Western literature on tourism gentrification, this study yields the following insights: (1) Tourism gentrification emerged in tandem with the evolution of gentrification concepts and phases, aligning itself with the research agenda of planetary gentrification. This framework is profoundly influenced by theories of glocalization, uneven development, circuits of capital, and post-colonialism. (2) Western research topics focus on the measurement of tourism gentrification, the production and consumption of gentrified tourism spaces, links between tourism gentrification and travel patterns, and its intersection with short-term rentals. Scholars also examine its impacts and potential mitigation strategies. (3) In the context of China, the interplay between urban and rural domains, the role of the state (government), and system design offer fertile ground for the development of novel theories on tourism gentrification. (4) Informed by a planetary perspective, tourism gentrification sheds light on a fresh research paradigm emphasizing dynamic, relational, and multi-scale processes in the uneven development of social space propelled by tourism. In the future, the research on tourism gentrification in China needs to understand more deeply the process and mechanism of tourism-driven transformation of urban-rural human-land relations, analyze the issues of social equity and sustainable development, and bring into play the theoretical value of the tourism gentrification perspective in safeguarding spatial justice and realizing common prosperity.

Ecological recreation space plays a pivotal role in ensuring the well-being of urban inhabitants. Given the increasing emphasis on livability and ecological development in metropolitan areas, coupled with the regionalization of residents’ recreation activities, it becomes imperative to delve into the optimization of the comprehensive layout of ecological recreation spaces. This paper examines the distribution patterns, temporal evolution, and influencing factors of ecological recreation spaces in Beijing between 2000 and 2020. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological recreation space in Beijing was characterized by three distinct phases: initial central urban area aggregation, subsequent mountain-based aggregation, and final expansion around these central urban areas. The overarching pattern transitioned from a singular-core aggregation to a dual-core model with multiple centers, culminating in a face-shaped continuity. This resulted in the distribution characteristics of ecological recreation spaces in the central urban area and new cities within plain areas being concentrated, while the mountainous areas have low-density spaces. (2) The distribution center of ecological recreation spaces has shifted along the northeast-southeast direction, experiencing a process of initial dispersion followed by concentration. The polarized effect of the increase in the number of ecological recreation spaces in the east-west orientation is more prominent, while the distribution of the increase in the number of ecological recreation spaces in the north-south orientation is relatively balanced and has multi-center characteristics. (3) The distribution of ecological recreation spaces within urban areas has a dependent relationship with elevation, water systems, transportation infrastructure, and ecological space, yet population demand and planning policies play pivotal roles in driving the increase in the number and expansion of these spaces in Beijing. This study suggests that metropolitan regions should enhance the coordination of ecological recreation space construction and design from a comprehensive regional perspective. It emphasizes the importance of optimizing the distribution of urban ecological recreation spaces, thereby promoting the refinement of urban territorial spatial structures and enhancing residents’ well-being.

Natural hazards are significant factors affecting the sustainable development of the tourism industry. Under the pressure of global climate change, strengthening the resilience assessment of the tourism industry and its community components constitutes a critical foundational work for promoting the healthy development of tourism. This study constructs a resilience assessment index system for tourism communities in response to natural disasters based on the DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) model, encompassing nine secondary indicators and twenty tertiary indicators. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) group decision-making method is employed for weighting these indicators. Taking the Hailuogou tourism community after an earthquake as a case study, this research evaluates its resilience from 2020 to 2022 through analysis and empirical investigation, thus testing the applicability of the index system. The results indicate: (1) The analysis of indicator weights shows that the factors that have the greatest impact on the natural disaster resilience of tourism communities include the number of casualties caused by disasters, the completeness of disaster precautions, the perfection of disaster emergency plans, and the number of disaster warning devices. (2) The resilience of the Hailuogou tourism community has shown continuous improvement from 2020 to 2022 and the level of resilience rises year by year. The Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake on September 5, 2022, negatively impacted the driving and pressure system scores that year, but resilience scores for the state, impact, and response systems increased. (3) Fluctuations in the indicators reveal that economic decline is a primary cause for the reduced community resilience of Hailuogou, while the enhancement of emergency capabilities is a key factor for its improved resilience. The index system developed in this study for assessing the resilience of tourism communities facing natural hazards has a solid theoretical and methodological foundation and is applicable to various types of tourism communities. It aids in evaluating their capacity to respond to natural disaster risks and improves disaster risk coping governance.

The Internet has become an important information channel for people’s traveling and tourist attractions marketing decision-making. Based on the big data of the network attention of 302 national 5A tourist attractions in 31 provincial-level regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), namely “Baidu Index”, the dynamic evolution of the spatial pattern of network attention of 5A tourist attractions nationwide was analyzed by using the geospatial analysis method. The study found that: (1) From 2011 to 2019, the network attention and spatial difference of national 5A tourist attractions showed the changing characteristics of upward fluctuation. The contribution rate of spatial difference in the eight regions increased, while the spatial difference among the eight regions decreased. And the inter-regional difference still dominated the overall spatial difference. (2) The network attention of national 5A tourist attractions presents the characteristic of “agglomeration-diffusion-new agglomeration” in space. The number of agglomeration centers continues to increase, and the agglomeration scope continues to expand, forming two major agglomeration areas in Beijing and the Yangtze River Delta region, and the agglomeration evolves from point to group and belt. The spatial distribution range of high-attention areas has been expanding, with a gradient shift from the eastern to the central and western parts of the country. (3) The evolutionary attribution of the network attention of the national 5A tourist attractions is driven by both industrial agglomeration and tourism demand, and the influence of the tertiary industrial agglomeration has weakened after 2015, and the improvement of tourism demand, market commercial system environment and traffic conditions is more conducive to enhance the tourism attraction and tourism market scale of the central and western regions, thus promoting the transfer of network attention of tourist attractions to this part of the country.

Phenomenology is an important philosophical movement in the 20th century, which has broadened the horizons of tourism research in terms of philosophical concepts and research methods. Based on the initial description of the philosophical concepts and basic research paradigms of phenomenology, this paper reviews the main topics of phenomenological tourism research, such as the tourist being, tourist experience and tourism experience, and tries to point out the problems and challenges faced by current phenomenological tourism research. This study concludes that: (1) How to define tourist’ activities and the way of existence within the phenomenological perspective, “the here and now way of tourist existence or tourist being”should become a priority in phenomenological tourism research. This is because it involves defining the essential attributes of tourism on a philosophical level. (2) In answering the priority question of “tourist being”, phenomenological tourism research should not only deepen the existing research topics such as emotional, cognitive, and behavioral “tourist experience”, but also broaden the future topics such as sensory, perceptual, and conceptual “tourism experience”. (3) Phenomenological tourism research should follow the principles, concepts, paradigms and methods of phenomenology, so as to avoid various research deviations, such as the relative non-compliance of research materials, the relative implausibility of the objective restoration of subjective experience, and the relative insufficiency of thematic analysis. Overall, phenomenology inspires tourism scholars’ self-confidence, guiding scholars to answer the “essence of tourism” from the philosophical level, “tourism as a way of human being”, rather than an industrial activity.

Health promotion is one of the main travel motivations, and tourism is beneficial to tourists’ health. In order to explore the relationship among tourist’ healthy motivation, healthy pursuit in tourism process and post-trip health effect, the authors utilizes the survey data of 1,050 valid samples from 121 cities nationwide obtained by a web-based questionnaire in China to conduct statistical analysis and structural equation model analysis. It is found that: health promotion is one of the main motivations for Chinese urban travelers; tourists’ perceived post-trip health effect mainly come from their healthy catering, accommodations and leisure activities in scenic areas; tourist health promotion motivation (including physical-mental health promotion motivation and interpersonal communication motivation) has a significant positive influence on tourists’perceived post-trip health effect, with physical health motives generating the largest perceived physical and mental health effect, and interpersonal communication motives generating the largest perceived social health effect; Chinese urban travelers’ healthy pursuit in tourism process plays a significant mediating role between their health promotion motivation and perceived health effects. The Healthy Motivation-Processing-Effect (HMPE) theoretical model of tourism for Chinese urban residents validated in this study, clarifies the driving paths and causal relationships between tourist health promotion motivation and healthy pursuit in tourism process, as well as their health effect.

To grasp the content configuration of tourism industry policies quickly and accurately, and fully understand its performance production paths are crucial to promoting and guiding the development of the tourism industry. In this papter, 31 provincial-level tourism industry development plans in China are selected as samples for analysis. Using NVivo 12 Plus software, word frequency analysis was conducted, and keywords were obtained, then the“13th Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development of Zhejiang Province” was taken as an example to summarize the content and compare with those from previous word frequency analysis to determine the common variables. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to extract the two paths of policy performance production: (1) The “adaptation” path of key tasks and resource input set based on the industrial basis, corresponding to provinces with rich tourism resources but underdeveloped tourism industry; (2) The “perfect” path of industrial based, target-guided task deployment, division of labor and of input resources, corresponding to provinces with developed tourism industry. The policy focus and performance production effects of the two paths are different, which can provide reference for the high-quality development of the regional tourism industry, so that it can grasp key goals and tasks, strengthen the support of production performance, optimize policy planning and design according to local conditions, and then deploy actions and allocate resources to improve the cultivation performance of tourism industry.

Promoting tourism economic connections between provinces and regions along the Yellow River Economic Belt is of great significance for their high-quality development of social, economic, and ecological civilization. This paper uses gravity model, social network, geographical space and other analytical methods to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of economic connections between domestic tourism and inbound tourism in 9 provinces along the Yellow River Economic Belt before and after the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward. The study found that: (1) The total intensity of tourism economic connections along the Yellow River Economic Belt shows a spatial distribution pattern of gradients increase from upstream to downstream of the Yellow River. The total intensity of domestic tourism economic connections in various provinces and regions is significantly higher than that of inbound tourism. The proposal has led to an increasing trend in the total intensity and regional imbalance of domestic and inbound tourism connections year by year. (2) The tourism economic connection direction of the Yellow River Economic Belt extends from the lower reaches to the middle and upper reaches. After the initiative was put forward, the direction of domestic tourism connections remained basically unchanged, but Sichuan entered the core axis of inbound tourism connections. (3) The tourism economic connection network along the Yellow River Economic Belt presents a core-periphery structure. The initiative promotes an increase in network density, a trend towards complex and balanced network structures. The complexity and density growth trend of domestic tourism networks are greater than those of inbound tourism. (4) The road network density, the number of permanent residents at the end of the year, the number of annual tourists and the number of the Belt and Road tourism policies are the main factors affecting the total intensity of domestic tourism economic connection in each province. The road network density, the number of permanent residents at the end of the year, the number of tourism practitioners and regional GDP are the main factors affecting the total intensity of inbound tourism economic connection in each province.

The policy system of ecological civilization and national parks is an important part of the national governance system in the new era of the “governance of China”. Based on the three-dimensional analysis framework of “policy structure-policy tools-policy evolution”, we use evolutionary theory and qualitative analysis tools to sort out the policies and regulations related to China’s ecological civilization and national parks, and analyze the evolution stages, characteristics and contents of the policies and regulations since the 21st century in the field of ecological civilization. This paper analyzes the stages, characteristics and contents of policies in the field of ecological civilization, and discusses the vision objectives and development paths of the policies and systems under the new situation in the context of local practices. The research results show that: (1) The evolution of policies regarding ecological civilization and national parks since the 21st century can be divided into four stages, including the policy exploration stage (2000-2006), the policy demonstration stage (2007-2012), the policy expansion and enhancement stage (2013-2017), and the policy continuous optimization stage (2018-present), with the peak stage of evolution from 2016 to 2018; (2) Institutional policies are dominated by coercive tools, presenting a high degree of national will and authority, with insufficient diversification of the participating subjects and a general degree of social participation, the standardized normative form and the programmatic policy form co-occur most frequently, and the structural coercive tools are the most commonly used form of policy combination; (3) Local ecological civilization practices are distinctive, with “Fujian Model”, “Qinghai Experiences”, and “Zhejiang Path” being important ecological civilization pilot experiences; (4) China’s ecological civilization policy and institutional construction has achieved significant breakthrough in the top-level design, local practice, and conceptual influence of the system, and it is possible to promote the construction of China’s ecological civilization policy and institutional construction in six directions, such as further improving the construction of the institutional system and the refinement of the field, and in 10 specific aspects, including law, culture and the economy.

Adventure tourism products characterised by meeting tourists’ needs for personalised and in-depth experiences are highly favoured in the intensive competition of island tourism destinations. Based on the three-pillar model of the overall framework of adventure tourism research, the article explores the heterogeneity of Chinese outbound tourists’ choice preferences, willingness to pay, and choice behaviours of island adventure tourism products using the choice experiment method, taking Mauritius as an example. The study found that: (1) cultural experience is the most important attribute of island adventure tourism product valued by Chinese outbound travellers, followed by natural environment and skill learning, while the physical activities involved in the tourism product and the cost did not become the decisive indicators of choice. (2) Chinese outbound tourists are willing to pay the most for the cultural experience attribute of the island adventure tourism product, and the order of willingness to pay for other attributes is as follows: natural environment, skill learning, and physical activities. (3) In terms of choice heterogeneity, the group of Chinese outbound tourists who are in good physical condition, single, have travelled to islands outside China and have a high level of knowledge about adventure tourism products are more inclined to choose island adventure tourism products.

Tourism development has exacerbated the inherent vulnerability of rural territorial systems, which has led to multiple challenges for rural tourism. It is particularly urgent to explore the composition and evolution of rural tourism resilience. By exploring the connotation of rural tourism resilience, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system covering four aspects, namely, sensitivity and vulnerability, resistance and recovery, adjustment and adaptability, transformation and innovation ability, and analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution and its driving patterns of rural tourism resilience at the provincial scale in China from 2006 to 2021 by using quantitative research methods and spatial analysis methods. The results show that: (1) The resilience of rural tourism at the provincial scale shows an overall trend of enhancement, but the differences between provinces remain prominent, and there is an obvious characteristic of “Hu Huanyong Line”; (2) The dynamic change of rural tourism resilience has a certain “path locking” effect, and there is a neighborhood effect on the transfer of rural tourism resilience states. (3) Affected by regional differences in the interaction with economic development level, market size, government policies and other factors, the resilience evolution of rural tourism finally formed three modes: the eastern part is the double-wheel-driven mode of economy-market, the central part is integrated growth mode of market-community, and the western part is the coordinated development mode of policy-market. This study reveals the complex mechanisms and different modes of the evolution of rural tourism resilience, enriches the theoretical system of rural tourism resilience, and provides policy suggestions and scientific references for the high-quality development of rural tourism and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.

The coordinated development of plateau tourism and ecological environment is an important content in balancing human-land relations. Under the influence of climate change and human behavior, grasslands in northwest Sichuan have experienced varying degrees of desertification, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local tourism economy. This paper takes Zoige County as the study area, uses remote sensing data and the alpine grassland desertification index (AGDI), to measure the grassland desertification situation from 2015 to 2021, analyzes the characteristics and patterns of tourists’ trajectory from 2015 to 2021 based on trajectory big data. Then the coupling coordination model was used to explore the spatiotemporal response between grassland landscape quality and tourists’ trajectories, and explores the temporal and spatial responses between the grassland landscape quality and tourists' trajectories with the help of the coupled coordination model. The results show that: (1) From 2015 to 2021, the area of sandy grassland in Zoige decreased by 14.91% overall, while the landscape quality of grassland increased by 2.87%. The severe and moderate sandy areas in the middle of Zoige were gradually reduced. (2) From 2015 to 2021, the number of tourism trajectories in Zoige showed a fluctuating upward trend. The research discovered three types of self-driving modes: G213 National Highway self-driving pattern, the Yellow River grassland self-driving pattern, the S217 Provincial Highway self-driving pattern; three types of hiking modes: the Namo Canyon hiking pattern, the S217 Provincial Highway hiking pattern, and the Huahu Lake Scenic Area hiking pattern. All six types of tourists’ trajectory modes were distributed along scenic areas and transportation arteries (national and provincial roads). (3) From 2015 to 2021, the coupling degree between the quality of grassland landscape and tourist trajectory in Zoige increased from 0.22 to 0.71, and the coupling coordination degree increased from 0.3 to 0.74, developing from intermediate dissonance to intermediate coordination. This study attempts to analyze the spatiotemporal response between tourists' spatial behavior and ecological environment with tourist trajectory data, providing a new idea for improving the research accuracy of tourism activities' environmental impact, and providing theoretical support for plateau grassland resource protection and tourism utilization management on the plateau.

Promoting the coupling of tourism development and ecological resilience is of great significance for improving the quality and efficiency of the tourism industry in the Yangtze River Delta region and promoting the construction of regional ecological civilization. Taking 41 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Delta as the research object, this paper constructs an evaluation system for tourism development and ecological resilience based on the idea of evolutionary resilience. Markov chain and kernel density estimation were used to characterize the spatio-temporal coupling of the two systems and identify their influencing factors. The findings are as follows: (1) the tourism development index of the Yangtze River Delta region fluctuates from 0.085 in 2005 to 0.571 in 2021; the ecological resilience index continued to rise, from 0.269 in 2005 to 0.827 in 2021, and the regional differences continued to shrink; (2) the type of coupling coordination developed from the anomalous state in the base period (0.134) to the primary coordination in the end period (0.669), with significant spatial agglomeration and “club convergence” phenomenon; (3) traffic accessibility, policy attention and vegetation coverage are the main factors affecting the coupling coordination level; the level of economic development has the strongest influence on the interaction of factors; the interaction between traffic accessibility and opening degree, economic development level and vegetation coverage, economic development level and traffic accessibility have the strongest explanatory power to the coupling coordination level.

Entity industry is an important driver for human development, and outbound tourism is one of the important indicators to measure human development level. However, the relationship between the entity industry, outbound tourism and human development level has not been confirmed yet. This paper selects 44 countries along the Belt and Road as samples, takes the Human Development Index (HDI) as the explanatory variable, the outbound tourism rate as the explained variable, the Entity Industrial Index as the control variable, and the Price Level Index as the regulating variable, adopts the dynamic panel model to analyze the mechanism of human development level on outbound tourism under the influence of real industry. The study found a significant correlation between the outbound tourism rate and the above variables, and indicated that both the Human Development Index and the Entity Industrial Index have a significant positive impact on the outbound tourism rate, while the reciprocal of the Price Level Index (relative tourism prices) has a certain negative impact on the outbound tourism rate. The results show that the development of entity industries, the stability of market prices and the improvement of human development level in the countries along the Belt and Road can enhance the willingness of residents to travel abroad. The study has important theoretical and practical impications for the countries along the Belt and Road to firmly promote sustainable cooperation in entity economy, livelihood industries and tourism exchanges.

Plateau tourism risk management is of great significance to the healthy development of plateau tourism. Methods of seasonal index, spatio-temporal differentiation measure and other methods are applied to reveal the spatio-temporal differentiation of tourism safety events in plateau areas from 2010 to 2019, and identify the driving factors and the effect intensity of spatio-temporal differentiation pattern. The results show that: (1) the number of tourism safety events in plateau areas is increasing year by year, and the temporal variation of them with the seasonal characteristics of “high occurrence in summer and low occurrence in winter”, and the types of those events are complex, but the frequency of accidental injury is the highest; (2) the spatial and temporal distribution of travel-related safety events in the plateau region presents the pattern of agglomeration and differentiation, and the hotspot areas of tourism safety events show an expanding trend year by year, forming multiple high-density areas in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Yunnan and Sichuan, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xinjiang and Loess Plateau, Henan; (3) tourism safety events in plateau areas show significant spatial positive correlation and spatial high value clustering phenomenon in general, and obvious spatial polarization phenomenon exists in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Loess Plateau locally, and the clustering scale decreases and the clustering intensity increases; (4) the coupling effect of personnel, facility, environment and management factors leads to the spatio-temporal differentiation of tourism safety events in plateau areas, among which, the number of tourism practitioners, medical security facilities, average gradient, natural ecological environment and tourism resource endowment are the dominant factors, and the two-by-two interaction of those factors will enhance the spatio-temporal differentiation of tourism safety events in plateau areas.

Mountainous tourism areas have become an important research object in the environmental issues of cultural ecosystem services (CES), however there is still insufficient research on objective portray of spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of CES and sub-CES in mountainous tourism areas from the recognition of social media photo. Taking the Seven-hole Scenic Spot in Zhangjiang, Libo, Guizhou as a case, this paper selects the scenic photos with location information on the Six Feet and 2BULU website during 2015-2022 to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristic and its influencing factors of CES in typical mountainous tourism areas through several methods such as photo content analysis of social media, nearest-neighbor index, spatial auto-correlation and Geo-detector. The results show that: (1) The spatial characteristics of CES are from scattered to agglomerated pattern, and the agglomeration characteristics of sub-CES enhances year by year. (2) Hot spot zones of sub-CES have developed from a single core independent and multi-core agglomeration distribution, gradually evolved into a spatial distribution pattern of belt-shaped extension and fusion towards the eastern part of the scenic spot, and scattered distribution of hot spots in the western part of the scenic spot. (3) Natural factors such as water, elevation, and social factors such as land use, road types are the dominant factors affecting the spatial distribution of CES, in which the effect of social factors is gradually increasing, while that of natural factors is gradually weakening. (4) The spatial explanatory power of the interaction between the factors of slope angle, slope direction, NDVI and those of distance from road, distance from water of CES, is significantly enhanced compared with that of a single factor, while the explanatory power of the factors interaction between two dimensions is stronger compared with that of the interaction between a single natural or social factor. Based on the research, this paper will enrich the theoretical paradigm of spatio-temporal analysis for CES in mountainous tourism areas, and provide practical reference for their conservation development of the ecosystem, and the improvement of the social and ecological well-being of the public.

The integration of sports and tourism is an important way to realize the innovation of business pattern and high-quality development of tourism destinations. Based on the theory of synergetics, the paper constructs an index system for the integration of sports and tourism. The synergy degree model of composite system and the benevolent data envelopment analysis (DEA) model are used to evaluate the degree of integration of sports and tourism, integration efficiency and development trend in China from 2010 to 2020, the influencing factors of the integration efficiency through the Tobit regression model. The results found that: (1) the order degree of sports and tourism subsystems oscillates significantly, and the integration degree of the two is not high but there is a development trend from uncoordinated to coordinated evolution; (2) the efficiency of sports and tourism integration showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2016, and a downward trend from 2017 to 2020; (3) the degree of transportation accessibility, the level of economic development and the industrial structure are important factors for improving the efficiency of the integration of sports and tourism, while the shortage of human capital, inadequate supporting facilities and lack of leisure spending power are constraints of integration. Finally, the article provides policy recommendations for realizing the integrated development of sports and tourism in China.

The integration of art and tourism is an important content to promote the deep integration of culture and tourism in the new stage of development. This paper reviews the origin and evolution of the integration of art and tourism, analyzes the research status quo and main topics, and tries to build a research framework of the integration of art and tourism. The research holds that: (1) the history of the integration of art and tourism is closely related to the social and economic development process of human beings, and it has always been an important part of the history of tourism. The main research topics of the integration of art and tourism include the integration of national art and tourism, literature and art and tourism, art performance and tourism, art blocks and tourism, art creative industries and tourism, and art education and tourism. (2)The connotative characteristics of the integration of art and tourism are mainly reflected in three levels: the integration subject, the integration object and the integration media. In terms of the integration subject, art tourists often have a high educational level and aesthetic literacy, appreciate the beauty of art through tourism experience and actively participate in artistic creative activities; in the aspect of integrating objects, the presentation forms of art tourism resources are constantly changing. The consumption content has gradually developed from the early art itself (art crafts) into creative forms such as artistic creation products and art festivals, realizing the change from paying attention to the art itself to paying attention to the overall artistic atmosphere; in terms of media integration, digital technology supports the development of art and tourism digitalization, and the artistic presentation in tourism has developed from traditional visual display to more emphasis on process interactive experience. (3) Based on the current situation of the integration of art and tourism, this paper constructs a research framework of the integration of art and tourism from two aspects: integration elements and integration paths, with a view to providing new ideas and directions for the research on the integration of art and tourism, as well as reference for the development practice of the integration of art and tourism.

The Mongolian Plateau Grassland Road is an important international transportation channel and tourist route. The green development of the areas along the road can provide useful reference for the green Belt and Road construction and China-Mongolia green development cooperation. Based on the theory of green development, this article constructs an evaluation index system for green development level, which includes five subsystems: ecological environment quality, green economy, resource conservation and utilization, ecological and social development, and green city construction. A comprehensive evaluation model is used to quantitatively evaluate the green development level of 10 areas along the Mongolian Plateau Grassland Road from 2010 to 2019. The results show that (1) At the end of the research period, the regional green development level presented a spatial characteristic of “high in the north and south, low in the middle”. The green development level of four cities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China in the south and Selenge Province and Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia in the north was relatively high, while the green development level of eastern Gobi Province, Gobi Sumbeier Province, Central Province, and Darhanool Province in Mongolia, which borders China and Mongolia in the central region, was relatively low. (2) The level of green development in four cities in Inner Mongolia of China and the capital city of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, has been increasing year by year. Gobi Sumbeir Province in Mongolia has seen a decline in recent years, while the other four regions in Mongolia have shown a very slow upward trend. (3) According to the evaluation results of green development level in the years 2010-2019, the evaluation units are roughly divided into three categories: leading type, catching-up type and slow development type. The main causes of the differences involve resource and environmental conditions, degree of opening up and policy system, etc. Based on this, it is suggested to clarify the development priorities in different types of areas, vigorously promote green tourism, optimize the layout of urban systems, comprehensively deepen international cooperation, and jointly promote the process of regional green development.

Measuring the carbon emissions of summer tourism for urban elderly residents in mountainous areas (STUER) and understanding the cultural driving factors behind it, are of great significance for enriching low-carbon tourism path choices adapted to China. This study takes the typical summer tourism destination of Wuling Mountain in Southeast Chongqing as an example, based on the perspective of “destination and generation cities”, calculates the difference in carbon emissions between “summer tourism in mountainous areas” and “living at home”. We applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) to study the cultural drivers of summer vacation in the mountains for elderly urban residents. This study found that: (1) Compared with “living at home”, STUER can achieve obvious carbon reduction of 2.367-3.807 kg/day per person with obvious carbon reduction benefits. Although carbon emissions increase in the segments of transportation and additional hospitality facilities, STUER can significantly reduce carbon emissions in both energy consumption and catering, resulting in overall carbon emissions reduction. (2) The two-dimensional model based on the guidance of “internal needs and external incentives” and “traditional Chinese Confucian and Taoist philosophy”, give an explanatory effect on the influence of traditional Chinese culture for motivation of STUER. (3) The philosophical ideas and life concepts of “Taoism and nature”, “harmony with group orientation”, “tranquility and self-cultivation” and “cultivate oneself and keep the family in order” in traditional Chinese culture can further explain the cultural motivation of STUER. The study also indicates that STUER unconsciously become practitioners of low-carbon concepts and green consumption, which is internalized under the influence of traditional Chinese culture.

Keyworlds elderly tourism; summer vacationtourism; carbon-reduction benefits; tourism motivation; Chinese traditional culture; low-carbon tourism; Wuling Mountain Area

The adaptive development of resilience and efficiency is an inevitable requirement for the quality and efficiency improvement and high-quality development of the tourism economy. Based on the evaluation of the resilience and efficiency development level of tourism economy in China from 2001 to 2020, this paper analyzes the adaptation mechanism, and uses the adaptability comprehensive evaluation model and geographic detector to explore the adaptation degree and influencing factors. The results show that: (1) From 2001 to 2020, the development level of tourism economic resilience and efficiency showed an overall upward trend, and the lag of tourism economic resilience turned to the synchronous development trend of the two, and the gap between the two was narrowing. (2) The adaptation degree was significantly improved during the study period and was similar to those of the tourism economic resilience subsystem, which had the characteristics of resilience-dominated adaptive development, and spatially presented a stepwise decreasing distribution pattern of “east-central-northeast-west”. (3) Group evolution analysis showed that provincial-level regions can be divided into four types: sustainable, developmental, adjusted and promoted, and the adaptation degree was stable at the high and low poles, and the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the middle were in a state of great change, and the four sustainable provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Guangdong were in the forefront, while the upgrading provincial-level regions, such as Qinghai, Ningxia, Xizang and Xinjiang, were ranked in the rear. (4) Regional economic development level, tourism innovation level, tourism resources endowment, tourism industry specialization level, and tourism industry diversification level were the main influencing factors, while the specialization and diversification of the tourism industry were dominant interacting factors affecting the development of the two.

With the construction of the Belt and Road, international tourism, as an important part of tourism and international service trade, has become an important carrier to promote economic development and cultural exchanges along the Belt and Road. This paper constructs an index to measure the development level of international tourism, analyzes the evolution trend of international tourism along the Belt and Road from 2008 to 2019, and explores the influencing factors and their spatial differences by applying GTWR model. The results show that: (1) The international tourism along the Belt and Road presents a slow decline and then a gradual increase, and the development gap first expands significantly and then narrows slowly. The Belt and Road Initiative has effectively slowed down the decline of the international tourism development level, and plays a vital role in narrowing the development gap. (2) The development of international tourism along the Belt and Road presents a spatial pattern of “high in China, Russia and Poland, high in the belt of West Asia-Southeast Asia and low in inland areas”. (3) The key driving factor for the development of international tourism along the Belt and Road is aviation system level. The core driving factors are the level of economic development and the ability to attract foreign investment, followed by foreign-trade dependence, electricity and communication system level, and the government regulatory quality. (4) The main influencing factors in different regions vary dramatically: aviation system level and the ability to attract foreign investment are core driving factors in all regions. The main driving factors of the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong, Macao are the level of economic development, the level of network and communication systems; Mongolia and Russia, Central Asia, West Asia and North Africa are the level of economic development, foreign-trade dependence and the level of electricity system; Southeast Asia and South Asia are foreign-trade dependence, government regulatory quality, network and communication system level; Central and Eastern Europe are the level of economic development, the government regulatory quality, electricity and network system level.