This study takes the social network of female residents in Wulingyuan world heritage site community as research object. Questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview were conducted. Quantitative data collected through sampling questionnaire and qualitative analysis using snowball interview were adopted to study the female residents in Yuanjiajie village, Longweiba village, and Maishan village in Wulingyuan district. Results from network scale, network centrality, and network density analysis show that the social network scale, social network connection, and social network structure of female residents in Wulingyuan world natural heritage site are significantly different, influenced by the degree of ecotourism development. The participation in ecotourism is highly correlated with the social network of female residents, which directly affects the scale, connection, and structure of social network. Under the influence of ecotourism, some conclusions can be drawn as follow: (1) the social communication scope of female residents has been gradually expanded, and the scale of social network has been significantly increased. (2) the social relations of female residents have been gradually diversified and the social network connections have been increasingly rich. (3) the female residents have obtained heterogeneous information and resources, and the social network structure is gradually becoming stable. (4) the tourism rights and interests of female residents are obviously enhanced, which promotes the continuous optimization of women's social network.

Mountain scenic area is important destinations to tourists, in which the activities are related to the safety of mountain ecosystem. Constructing ecological security pattern in mountain scenic area is important for protecting key species in the ecosystem and maintaining the overall function of the ecosystem. It is also an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the scenic area. This study chose Yunqiu Mountain Scenic Area as a case study and representative rare animal - Crossoptilon Mantchuricum in Lvliang mountains as study objects. GIS method was used to extract the ecological source areas of Crossoptilon Mantchuricum. Ecological corridors were identified, and ecological network was constructed using Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model and gravity model. Moreover, the connectivity and sensitivity of the ecological network were analyzed and suggestions for optimization were proposed. The results show that: the overall size of the Yunqiu Mountain ecological source area is relatively small, and the spatial distribution is uneven. There is a medium level of network connectivity, at the center of which there are many corridors between source areas, forming a mash-shape connection. While corridors between source areas on the edge of the network are simple, forming a tree-shape connection. According to the sensitivity evaluation criteria, the scenic area is divided into extremely sensitive area, highly sensitive area, moderately sensitive area, slightly sensitive area, and insensitive area. The overall sensitivity of the area where the ecological network locates is low, but there still exist high-risk nodes. Considering the different sensitivity levels of areas where the ecological network locates, this paper proposes three suggestions for optimization: Interference Reduction Protection, Recovery Protection, and Construction Protection. This research provides scientific-basis for protecting the ecology of the Yunqiu Mountain Scenic Area.

Interpretation is important in environmental education in the context of ecotourism. Anthropomorphic interpretation presents the content in a more vivid way, which may improve environmental education perceptions of tourists. This study adopted situational experiment method to explore the influence of anthropomorphic interpretation on environmental education. Random experiment was used in this study, and personal cognitive style was taken into consideration. The empirical dataset contains four sets of questionnaires (with personification videos, no anthropomorphic video, anthropomorphic audio, no anthropomorphic audio, respectively). The survey was conducted through four ways of internet survey websites. A total of 673 questionnaires were collected. According to the experimental requirements, 400 samples with completed information were randomly selected as valid sample. The results show that both visual and auditory anthropomorphic interpretation have significant impacts on environmental education. Participants' cognitive style plays a moderating role in anthropomorphic interpretation and environmental education. The effect of cognitive style was significant on visual anthropomorphic interpretation but insignificant on auditory anthropomorphic interpretation. This study contributes to the mechanism research on anthropomorphic interaction and environmental education. This study insights environmental education research that the means of interpretation are of importance. It takes diversified and personalized interpretation demands into consideration, which is valuable for improving tourism interpretation in ecotourism.

Residents' environmental behavior in tourist destinations is an essential segment of environmental behavior research in tourism context. This paper provides a review on the literature of residents' environmental behavior in tourist destinations, including research progress, research contents and research methods. Results show that: (1) Research on the residents' environmental behavior in tourist destinations started late, and experienced three stages: infancy stage（2002—2004）, initial stage (2005—2013), and development stage (2014—2020). There are few research in China and abroad, but research abroad is ahead of those in China. (2) The definition of residents' environmental behavior in tourist destinations is not unified, as well as the lack of measurement scale development. The investigation of factors that influence residents' environmental behavior in tourist destinations gained much attention, but the formation mechanism and predictive research are relatively overlooked. (3) The research method used to study residents' environmental behavior in tourist destinations is unitary. Specifically, data collection is mainly questionnaire survey, supplemented by semi-structured interview. Data analysis heavily relies on structural equation model. Based on these, this paper analyzed the insufficiency of the existing research from the research angle, research content and research method, and proposed future research directions for residents' environmental behavior in tourist destinations to provide useful guidance for environmental management of tourist destinations.

Tourist environmentally responsible behavior is of great significance for the sustainable development of rural tourism and the sustainable poverty alleviation of rural residents. Based on the theory of emotional solidarity, this study explores the predictive effect of tourists’ emotional solidarity on their environmentally responsible behavior. Taking the traditional villages in southeastern Shanxi Province as a case study, this paper uses qualitative and quantitative research methods to test the dimensions of tourists' environmentally responsible behavior and the existence of the influencing path of "emotional solidarity- environmentally responsible behavior". The results show that: (1) In the context of traditional villages' homestay inn, tourist environmentally responsible behavior includes not only ecological environmentally responsible behavior, but also social and economic environmentally responsible behavior. (2) The emotional solidarity between tourists and homestay inn owners can significantly affect tourist environmentally responsible behavior, and the ranking of influence significance is ecological, social, and economic environmentally responsible behavior. (3) The influencing significance ranking of the three second-order constructs of emotional solidarity on tourist environmentally responsible behavior is sympathetic understanding, emotional closeness, and felling welcomed. The research expands the application scope of the theory of emotional solidarity, provides a new perspective for the research of tourists' environmentally responsible behavior, and also provides practical enlightenment for rural tourism destinations to stimulate tourist environmentally responsible behavior.

Recreation zoning control for the purpose of utilization is an important measure for national parks to achieve sustainable development. are crucial f Based on the field investigation in Canada and the review on Canadian literature, this paper analyzes the recreation space control system and its key concerns at the national level, park level, and subdivision level. The guiding idea and adaptive strategies were also discussed in this paper. Results show that: (1) In Canada, recreation space control system of national park performs in three scales: region, park, and site, which illustrates the systematic thinking in promoting national land protection; (2) Governance mechanisms of national park recreation function in different levels. Mechanisms include the macroscopic equilibrium of land ecological security and recreation development, the display of national image with characteristics and the optimization of landscape conservation classification, the utilization control based on ecological importance. The governance of national park recreation is a vertical management system that applies corresponding control measures in different scales to achieve sustainable development; (3) In terms of policy, the recreation space governance model for national parks should maintain a balance between natural protection and the space utilization of human activity. In terms of uniqueness, it should show a neutral way of thinking that is different from the strictest protection and over-development. These development experiences from Canada have great application significance for us to establish our national park system. We should pay attention to dynamic regulation to avoid system turning rigid. We should also establish multi-level pre-assessment and flexible measures for optimization.