Cruise tourism has been affected by all kinds of negative events because of its inherent fragile nature. In early 2020, the cross-border spread of COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess cruise ship attracted global attention, greatly affecting the risk perception and consumption decisions of the public on cruise tourism. Using comments on Zhihu website as data source, this paper divides the negative events of cruise ship into three stages by taking the outbreak of COVID-19 and the global cruise ship shutdown as time nodes, and uses word frequency analysis, semantic network analysis, emotion analysis, and spatial analysis to explore the changes in the risk perception of Chinese netizens. Research findings show: At the "gray rhino stage", the operations of cruise ships were normal and the risk perception of netizens focused on natural disasters and rescue operations. When the "gray rhinoceros meets black swan stage" at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, cruise ships were gradually suspended, and the risk perception of netizens focused on public health safety of cruise ships. At the “black swan stage” after the outbreak of the epidemic, cruise ships were suspended, and the risk perception of netizens tended to be dispersed, including natural disaster, fire, and epidemic. At the same time, the spatial distribution of the risk perception of netizens is different. In coastal areas, netizens mainly have positive and weak negative emotions towards negative events of cruise ships. However, Internet users in inland areas have a relatively low understanding of cruise tourism, and their perceptions are mostly negative. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world, this study can provide references for the post-epidemic recovery and sustainable development of cruise tourism.

Tourist behavior has long been one of the most researched themes in tourism literature. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought enormous strikes and challenges to the global tourism industry. Within this context, an increasing number of studies related to both tourist behaviors and the COVID-19 pandemic have been published in English-language journals. Despite critical discussions on COVID-19 related tourism studies on a whole, preceding review studies have largely failed to specifically and systematically assess the up-to-date progress of and substantive contributions made by COVID-19 related tourist behavior studies. Based on an analysis of 83 articles published in the top 8 SSCI listed academic journals in the field of tourism as of 31 August, 2021, the following conclusions are drawn. First, the extant studies could be categorized, according to their research themes, into four clusters, namely risk perception and travel intention, tourism decision-making, actual behaviors and experience, and attitude towards technology. Second, quantitative studies are dominant in article number, most of which are in favor of either questionnaire surveys or experiments. Third, with respect to substantive contributions, significant theoretical contributions are rarely made in the extant studies, most of which are found approaching solving real-world problems and/or depicting consumer phenomena, instead of building theories. Specifically, those sampled studies were using a theory (or theories) either to help develop hypotheses regarding the relationships between well-known concepts or to help describe and/or interpret an alleged novel consumer phenomenon. As such, it is suggested at the end of this article that future studies could benefit greatly from more rigorous conceptualization and theorization by using qualitative methods, big data techniques, and experiments in their excavation, identification, and confirmation of the uniqueness of the COVID-19 pandemic as a public health crisis as well as the associated distinctive tourism consumer phenomena. Further, indigenized tourist behavior research related to COVID-19, which is deeply rooted in the pandemic prevention and control practices and tourism development in China, should be highly encouraged.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious impacts on the livelihoods of relocated farmers, especially of those in the scenic area-based resettlement areas where their livelihoods have been transformed from agriculture to tourism services. Taking Yinhuwan resettlement area in Mount Sanqing as an example, this paper compared the livelihood capital of farmers in the resettlement area before and after the relocation, analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of farmers in the resettlement area and its mechanism, and proposed countermeasures to enhance the ability of farmers to resist risks. The results show that: (1) the relocation and resettlement brought huge changes in the livelihoods of the relocated farmers. After the relocation, the livelihood capital of the rural households has generally improved, the physical capital and financial capital of the rural households have increased significantly, and the natural capital was directly replaced by the tourism capital, which caused the reduction of human capital in tourism operation. (2) The severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry directly affected the livelihood of farmers in the Yinhuwan resettlement area. The impact on the livelihoods of farmers was extensive, profound and the potential impact was obvious. (3) Loss of land, dependence on tourism, low level of integration, and the withdrawal of the role of management committee after resettlement have formed a specific context for the livelihoods of farmers in the resettlement area. The impact of the pandemic on the livelihoods of farmers was directly related to this context. This paper provides a reference for the study on the impact of the pandemic on the livelihoods of farmers in other types of resettlement areas and also guides enhancing the resilience of the livelihoods of farmers in resettlement areas.

With the successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games and many policies to promote the participation of 300 million people in ice and snow sports, China's ice and snow tourism has ushered in an era of rapid development. The construction boom of skating and skiing venues has been set off nationwide, ice and snow sports have become widely popular across the country, and the public attention to ice and snow tourism has increased rapidly. Based on the network data of SINA microblog about ski tourism from 2015 to 2021, this paper took four major ski regions in China as the research subject, constructed a web visibility evaluation system for ski tourism, and described the variation trend and spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of web visibility on China's ski tourism since the successful bid for the Winter Olympic Games, as well as quantitative assessed the changes in the web visibility on China's ski tourism before and after the epidemic, revealed the hot spots of the recovery of snow and ice tourism, and put forward countermeasures for the recovery and development of ski tourism in the post-epidemic period.
The results showed that the web visibility of China's ski tourism has increased rapidly since 2017, and the seasonal characteristics were obvious. Chongli-Beijing region has been leading the way in the web visibility of China's ski tourism. The spatial structure has changed from "local multi-center" to "group type" clustering development. Before and after the epidemic, the web visibility of China's ski tourism showed the characteristics of the shortening of the ski peak season, the rapid decline of web visibility, Xinjiang's and Jilin's remarkable recovery, and four major ski regions' priority attention. The effect of post-COVID-19 period superimposed Beijing Winter Olympics will be a hot event affecting the revival of ski tourism, Chongli-Beijing, northeast and northwest China will be recovered hotspots, short-term hospitality services will become hotspots of investment to help industrial recovery, the corresponding supporting services will become a hot direction in the ski resort service level optimization. Additionally, this paper proposed several recovery countermeasures, such as constructing the "Flying geese" development pattern of ski tourism in China with Chongli-Beijing as the center and northeast and northwest China as the two wings, giving priority to targeted policies in Xinjiang, Hebei and Heilongjiang, improving short-term reception capacity and providing targeted supporting services. The research conclusion will provide scientific support and decision-making basis for promoting the rapid recovery of ski tourism in the post-COVID-19 period, and provide reference for the green sustainable development of ice and snow industry in China.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on the global cruise tourism industry, changing the geospatial pattern of cruise networks. This paper analyzed the pattern and spatial characteristics of cruise networks in the initial, early, and late stages of the pandemic. The results showed that: (1) In the initial stage of the pandemic, cruise networks showed a linear global distribution pattern. (2) In the early stage of the pandemic, the cruise network showed a spot-like distribution, with significant clustering characteristics at regional, national, and port levels. At the enterprise level, due to the differences in enterprise fleet sizes, the cruise network was distributed in point pattern and cluster pattern. However, due to the differences in entry-exit management and port layouts, the cruise network between China and East Asia presented blankness. (3) In the post-pandemic period, global cruise ships experienced changes from tentative resumption to partial resumption, and the cruise network covered gradually from a single region to multiple regions. Finally, based on the development of the pandemic and the evolution characteristics of the cruise network, the possible reconfiguration pattern of the cruise network in East Asia, Australia, and New Zealand was discussed, as well as the future expansion and changes of the cruise network in the resumed regions. This research provides reference for the network organization of cruise lines and the evolution of the global cruise network in the post-epidemic era.

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has brought enormous impacts and challenges to global tourism. How to cope with the pandemic has become the focus of attention. This paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism of China from the aspects of residents' travel willingness, tourist site space capacity, operation of tourism market entities, and tourism policy supply. The research results show that: (1) The pandemic has greatly impacted residents' consumer confidence, willingness, and ability to travel, but the potential travel demand still exists. (2) The pandemic has caused great physical and psychological compression to the tourism space environment. The production space capacity of the cultural industry and the entertainment industry, which are closely related to tourism, has also been indirectly affected. (3) The pandemic has had a comprehensive and far-reaching impact on the tourism industry chain and the operation of tourism market entities. (4) Under the normalization of pandemic prevention and control, the tourism policy has mainly been based on "flow control" and "industry rescue". Eventually, based on the response system, spatial response mechanism, and the resilience of tourism enterprises, the responses of China's tourism industry to the pandemic are explored. First, the trinity response system of tourism to resist the pandemic should be constructed from the three dimensions of hierarchical government support, management department drive, and industry organization coordination. Second, the spatial response mechanism of the tourism system based on the three-level collaborative destination (point) - link (line) - network structure (network) under the normalization of pandemic prevention and control is proposed. Third, the countermeasures to enhance the resilience of tourism enterprises are put forward from five aspects: enterprise organization, product service, management and the marketing, and market brand and employee psychology.