Ignoring workation is the root reason that mountain tourism has not been developed to an internationally expected level. In terms of the conceptual framework of workation by Uriely N. (2000, 2001), this article firstly consents that both workation and mountain tourism had synchronously originated from the Grand Tour, and secondly finds the workation turn in mountain areas aiming to the transformation of tourists and host residents through co-learning and co-creating, which indicates the workation features of mountain tourism. The Tibet-pair aiding is a special workation type in China. This article summarizes the five characteristics of workation existing in mountain tourism: the hardship caused by the complicated topographical condition and oppression caused by contextual condition, the culture related to political structure and power, the creative feature induced by cultural and environmental diversity, the spiritual value orientation of tourists driven by individual motivation, and the theoretical pursuits that is difficult to be explained and understood. Accordingly, this article suggests to explore the sustainable high-quality mountain tourism development in the following four aspects, such as the leading development through culture construction, the innovative development through value and spiritual experience led by red tourism, the modernized development through industrial cluster agglomeration and efficient integration, and the opening development through brand construction and reputation management. This article also suggests to leverage the duality of the oneness and complementarity of leisure and work, leisure tourism and workation, thus providing new thoughts of workation that surpass the singularity of the industrial thinking for the sustainable and high-quality development of mountain tourism.

Taking Wuling Mountain, a typical mountain tourist destination, as the research area, the paper intends to analyze the accessibility patterns of this tourism destination, the spatial aggregation-diffusivity effect characteristics and internal influence mechanism with the application of weighted average travel time, field strength model, geographical detector and other methods and the related data from 2010 to 2019. The results suggest that: (1) the development of tourism activities promotes the improvement of traffic accessibility pattern in the research area, which centered Huaihua city and decreases to the west and north in a “V” shape. The change of traffic accessibility pattern drives the tourism activities in Wuling Mountain area to be more active, which realizes the trend of improving the comprehensive tourism strength of each region and narrows the development gap within the area. (2) The evolution of the spatial aggregation-diffusivity effect pattern indicates the whole area has formed a “multi-core” ring divergent pattern, and the point-to-area coordinated development model has been initially formed to promote the coordinated development of the region. (3) From the detection results of aggregation-diffusivity effect pattern, the core factor has changed from population mobility to traffic conditions, and the interaction between traffic conditions and population mobility affects the pattern of aggregation-diffusivity effect to the greatest extent, realizing the dynamic and balanced development of the area. This work provides a scientific reference for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation by regional tourism, realizing the organic connection of rural revitalization and promoting the high-quality development of regional tourism.

To explore the development mechanism of mountain tourism from the perspective of the shift from institutional constraints and economic incentives to cultural consciousness will help clarify the original driving force of mountain tourism development and form a sustainable development model of mountain tourism. By exploring the relationship between cultural consciousness and tourism development, this paper investigates the internal mechanism of mountain tourism development driven by cultural consciousness. At the same time, the paper employs Bourdieu’s field theory for analysis, and selects the Yulong Snow Mountain Scenic Spot in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province as an example to conduct field research on the government workers, residents, tourism practitioners and tourists. The research shows that: (1) Cultural consciousness can drive the development of mountain tourism, which originates from the self-inspection in the context of subject-object interaction. (2) The transformation of cultural capital and the adjustment of habitual habits are the specific process of cultural consciousness driving the development of mountain tourism. (3) The creative transformation of the value of tourism resources and the perceived update of the supply content by tourists are the results of cultural consciousness driving the development of mountain tourism. (4) The shaping of the “culture-people-tourism” relationship chain is the core of cultural consciousness driving the development of mountain tourism. (5) The realization from cultural consciousness to development autonomy is the essence of cultural consciousness driving the development of mountain tourism. The research extends the application of cultural consciousness in mountain tourism studies, and also provides new ideas and references for the high-quality development of mountain scenic tourism in ethnic areas.

In the era of high-quality tourism development, an in-depth analysis of the development efficiency of tourist attractions from the perspective of demand has certain practical significance and supports decision-making. Taking Yunnan mountain tourism scenic spots as the research area, and “demand satisfaction” as the focus, this paper categorizes and evaluates the development efficiency of scenic spots, and further explains their spatial distribution, time evolution, and efficiency types. The results show that: (1) The social responsibility efficiency of suburban scenic spots is high, the supply efficiency of scenic spots with special business types is high, and the sustainable efficiency of scenic spots is generally low. (2) From the spatial perspective, the high value regions of supply efficiency and social responsibility efficiency are located in northwest and central Yunnan, while the sustainable efficiency decreases from northeast to southwest. (3) In terms of temporal dimension, the sustainable efficiency is weak, though it has the potential to develop well; the supply efficiency and social responsibility efficiency are underperformed. This paper discusses the development efficiency of mountain tourism scenic spots from the perspective of “demand satisfaction”, which adds a new meaning to the tourism development efficiency under the background of high-quality development, and also provides some suggestions to the development of mountain tourism in Yunnan and other places in China.

The society, economy and environment of mountain scenic spots are constantly changing under the tourism effect, and the relationship between human and environment is changing, which affects the sustainability of the regional system of the scenic spots. This paper constructs an index model for evaluating the evaluation of human-environment relationship in mountain scenic spot and takes Yulong Snow Mountain as an example to explore its evaluation stage and its characteristic. The research shows that the evolution of human-environment relationship in Yulong Snow Mountain is divided into three stages: pre-tourism, early development and orderly development. In the pre-tourism stage, tourism first appeared in the mountain, which has little impact on the social economy and environment. The relationship between human and environment in the mountain scenic spot basically operates according to the original law. In the early development stage, tourism has an obvious driving effect, the environment of the mountain scenic spot has deteriorated and the social and economic development is unbalanced. In the orderly development stage, tourism, as the leading force in the development of Yulong Snow Mountain scenic spot, constantly tends to coordinate the relationship between human and environment. The guidance of the government is the key elements for the evolution and harmony of human-environment relations. The evolution of human-land relationship in Yulong Snow Mountain scenic spot driven by tourism reflects the changes of tourism life cycle in mountain scenic spots. This study provides an effective way to evaluate the evolution of human-environment relationship in mountain scenic spots, and provides a feasible method to evaluate the sustainable development status of mountain tourism destinations. It can enrich the empirical analysis of mountain scenic spots in the evolution of human-environment relationship and the research on the tourism driving force of the evolution of human-environment relationship, and contribute to the theoretical construction of the sustainable development of mountain tourism.

This paper introduces the relative deprivation as a moderator to construct a structural model involving community participation, perception of empowerment, perception of disempowerment and social well-being. Taking Langde Village in Leishan County, Guizhou Province as an example, this paper empirically analyzes the influence of enterprise intervention on the social well-being of residents in ethnic tourism villages. The results show that: (1) Community participation has a significantly positive impact on the social well-being of village residents. (2) The perception of empowerment has significant positive impact and the perception of disempowerment has significant negative impact on social well-being of village residents. (3) The perception of empowerment and disempowerment partially mediates the impact of community involvement on social well-being of village residents. (4) Relative deprivation negatively moderates the impact of perception of empowerment and disempowerment on the social well-being of village residents. The above conclusions prove the tourism impact of the difference between community involvement and power perception on the social psychological state of village residents has been enhanced after enterprise intervention from the perspective of social well-being. This study confirms that enterprise intervention affects the social well-being of village residents through two paths after: “community involvement→perception of empowerment→social well-being” and “community involvement→perception of disempowerment→social well-being”. It reveals that the influence of power perception on social well-being after enterprise intervention is different among village residents with different relative deprivation, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of the influence on social well-being of residents in tourist destinations. It also provides practical guidance for the sustainable development of ethnic village tourism after the intervention of enterprises.

Adopting the CiteSpace knowledge graph method, this paper analyzes the research progress of international ethnic tourism in recent 30 years through Web of Science database. The research results show that the hot spots of international ethnic tourism research have evolved from the concept definition to the sustainable development of ethnic tourism destination and then to the community response of ethnic tourism destination, which can be divided into three stages: exploring, developing and deepening. The research topics mainly focus on the following six areas: the evaluation of the sustainability of ethnic tourism destinations, the authenticity of ethnic tourism, the politicization of ethnic tourism, the cultural heritage of ethnic tourism, the management of ethnic tourism communities and the cultural management of ethnic tourism destinations. It is suggested that academia in China should strengthen the policy orientation, problem orientation and academic foresight of ethnic tourism research, emphasize research on high-quality development and the cultural authenticity of ethnic tourism destinations, as well as cultural stress and cultural resilience of ethnic tourism destinations, thus to accelerate the construction of ethnic tourism research academic discourse system with Chinese characteristics.